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Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: a systematic review of literature. 卡氏肠球菌引起的眼内炎:文献系统回顾。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-31 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1404
Stylianos A Kandarakis, Nikolaos Spernovasilis, Ilias Georgalas, Michalis Mendris, Constantinos Tsioutis, Aris P Agouridis

Introduction: Enterococcus casseliflavus is a rare pathogen in human infections, despite being widely distributed in natural environments. This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence related to endophthalmitis caused by E. casseliflavus.

Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus databases was conducted, covering the period up to October 2022.

Results: A total of 53 records were identified, with 8 studies reporting a total of 21 cases meeting the inclusion criteria. Among these studies, 7 described isolated case reports, while 1 study described 14 cases. The overall quality of the reports was good, as all articles were determined to have low risk of bias. Vancomycin susceptibility was reported in only one case of isolated case reports, while the remaining cases were all vancomycin resistant. With regard to management, in most cases intravenous ampicillin and linezolid were administered, while only one study reported administration of vancomycin.

Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the potential for E. casseliflavus to cause endophthalmitis infections and the challenges associated with its intrinsic resistance to vancomycin.

导言:尽管卡氏肠球菌广泛分布于自然环境中,但在人类感染中却是一种罕见的病原体。本系统综述旨在评估与卡氏黑眼圈肠球菌引起的眼内炎相关的证据:方法:对截至 2022 年 10 月的 PubMed、PubMed Central 和 Scopus 数据库进行了全面检索:结果:共发现 53 条记录,其中 8 项研究共报告了 21 例符合纳入标准的病例。在这些研究中,7 项研究描述了单独的病例报告,1 项研究描述了 14 个病例。所有文章均被确定为偏倚风险较低,因此报告的总体质量良好。仅有一例孤立病例报告对万古霉素敏感,其余病例均对万古霉素耐药。在处理方面,大多数病例都静脉注射了氨苄西林和利奈唑胺,只有一项研究报告使用了万古霉素:结论:眼科医生应认识到卡介苗杆菌引起眼内炎感染的可能性及其对万古霉素固有耐药性所带来的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Dental pathologies of endodontic origin and subsequent bacterial involvement - a literature review. 牙髓病和随后的细菌感染--文献综述。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-31 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1407
Alexandru Gliga, Mihai Săndulescu, Oana Amza, Ruxandra Stănescu, Marina Imre

Dental pathologies of endodontic origin are varied in nature, and include infectious and non-infectious causes. Through this review, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of the role of bacterial involvement and in the pathogenesis of endodontic pathologies, by reviewing the relevant literature on the most common bacterial species involved, and their capacity to organize as biofilms. Furthermore, we focus on the most important recent updates in the management of endodontic infections, from a multidisciplinary perspective.

牙髓病的病因多种多样,包括感染性和非感染性病因。通过这篇综述,我们旨在通过回顾有关最常见细菌种类的相关文献,以及它们作为生物膜组织的能力,让大家更深入地了解细菌参与和在牙髓病发病机制中的作用。此外,我们还从多学科的角度重点介绍了牙髓感染管理中最重要的最新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Erratum. 勘误。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-31 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1411

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1351.].

[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.18683/germs.2022.1351.]。
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引用次数: 0
Twins with meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis. 患有脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌引起的脑膜炎的双胞胎。
IF 1.7 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-12-31 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1403
Gülsüm İclal Bayhan, Saliha Kanık Yüksek, Latife Güder, Hatice Kübra Konca, Seval Özen, Nilay Çöplü, Nuriye Ünal Şahin

Introduction: The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease is highest in infants and young children.

Case report: Twin infants diagnosed two days apart with meningitis due to N. meningitidis serogroup B are presented.

Conclusions: There has never been a report of concurrent meningococcal meningitis in twin brothers. We wanted to highlight the high likelihood of meningococcal transmission through household contacts and the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis and meningococcal vaccination recommendations for close contacts of these cases.

导言:侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病在婴幼儿中发病率最高:病例报告:相隔两天确诊患脑膜炎球菌血清 B 群脑膜炎的双胞胎婴儿:结论:从未有过双胞胎兄弟同时患脑膜炎球菌脑膜炎的报道。我们希望强调脑膜炎球菌通过家庭接触传播的高可能性,以及对这些病例的密切接触者进行抗生素预防和脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis caused by retro-pharyngeal Eggerthia catenaformis infection. 咽后Eggerthia catenaformis感染引起的下行性坏死性纵隔炎。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1394
Alessandro Graziani, Maria Vittoria Tamburini, Francesco Congestrì, Ludovico Graziani, Maria Giulia Sama, Guido Caroli, Riccardo Spaggiari

Introduction: Eggerthia catenaformis, a non-spore-forming anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus component of the human fecal microbiota has rarely been reported in human diseases. In almost every case described in current literature to date, dental diseases (abscesses, periodontitis, or caries), are the most common source of the infection which extends to the brain, cervical spaces, pulmonary parenchyma, the pleural cavity, the abdominal wall, and the abdominal cavity.

Case report: An 82-year-old male Caucasian patient was admitted to our Emergency Department (ED) with a painless, right submandibular mass, dyspnea, and inspiratory stridor. A CT scan of the head, neck, and chest with intravenous contrast material revealed a retrotonsillar fluid collection. Air bubbles and minimal fluid were present from the right sub-mandibular area to the lower mediastinum between the spine, the descending thoracic aorta, and the trachea. The patient underwent surgical treatment and a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The retropharyngeal fluid collection culture showed the presence of Eggerthia catenaformis. After a first period in the Intensive Care Unit, he was admitted to a Step-Down Unit (SDU) where he underwent respiratory weaning, motor rehabilitation, and gradual oral feeding resumption. At discharge, the patient maintained the tracheal cannula as he still had impaired swallowing of solid foods.

Conclusions: Here we report the first case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis in a patient with a retropharyngeal abscess, in the absence of dental diseases.

导言:卡氏埃格氏菌(Eggerthia catenaformis)是人类粪便微生物群中的一种非芽孢厌氧革兰阳性杆菌,很少有报道称它会引发人类疾病。在迄今为止的文献中描述的几乎所有病例中,牙科疾病(脓肿、牙周炎或龋齿)都是最常见的感染源,感染范围扩展到大脑、颈椎间隙、肺实质、胸膜腔、腹壁和腹腔:一名 82 岁的白种男性患者因右侧下颌下无痛性肿块、呼吸困难和吸气性哮鸣音而被送入本院急诊科(ED)。使用静脉注射造影剂对患者的头部、颈部和胸部进行 CT 扫描后发现,患者的颌后有积液。从右侧下颌下区域到脊柱、胸主动脉降支和气管之间的下纵隔存在气泡和少量积液。患者接受了手术治疗和广谱抗生素治疗。咽后积液培养显示存在卡氏埃格氏菌。在重症监护室住了一段时间后,他被送进了降级病房(SDU),在那里他接受了呼吸道断奶、运动康复治疗,并逐渐恢复了口服喂食。出院时,由于患者吞咽固体食物的能力仍有障碍,因此仍保留了气管插管:在此,我们报告了首例在没有牙科疾病的情况下,咽后脓肿患者发生降解性坏死性纵隔炎的病例。
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引用次数: 0
A rare case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis ventriculitis. 一例罕见的 Sphingomonas paucimobilis 脑室炎病例。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1391
James B Doub, Joel V Chua

Introduction: Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains. Unfortunately, classic cerebral spinal fluid parameters are less specific and sensitive compared to community acquired meningitis. This is in part secondary to indolent bacteria commonly infecting external ventricular drains leading to ventriculitis.

Case report: Herein, a rare case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis ventriculitis in an immunocompetent host is reported. The patient had classic symptoms of ventriculitis, but her cerebral spinal fluid parameters were benign and initial cultures were negative. Consequently, treatment was tailored to an assumed respiratory infection only to have recurrence of her symptoms. Repeat analysis of her cerebral spinal fluid was again benign, but her cerebral spinal fluid culture grew S. paucimobilis. Subsequently, the patient was treated with cefepime, which resolved her symptoms. She completed a two-week course and has had no recurrence of her infection.

Conclusions: This case reinforces the need for clinicians to have heightened awareness of this emerging pathogen, its antibiotic resistance patterns, and the unique composition of this bacterium's cell wall which has ramifications on disease presentation.

简介非细菌性脑室炎是一种严重的感染,经常困扰神经重症监护病房。它通常与脑室外引流有关。遗憾的是,与社区获得性脑膜炎相比,经典脑脊液参数的特异性和敏感性较低。病例报告:本文报告了一例罕见的免疫功能正常宿主脑室炎(Sphingomonas paucimobilis ventriculitis)病例。患者有典型的脑室炎症状,但其脑脊液参数为良性,初始培养结果为阴性。因此,她接受了假定为呼吸道感染的治疗,结果症状复发。再次对她的脑脊液进行分析,结果也是良性的,但脑脊液培养出了白喉杆菌。随后,患者接受了头孢吡肟治疗,症状得到缓解。她完成了为期两周的疗程,感染没有复发:本病例强化了临床医生对这种新兴病原体、其抗生素耐药性模式以及这种细菌细胞壁的独特成分的认识,这些都会对疾病的表现产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Development of neutropenic sepsis during the eradication phase with co-trimoxazole in patients with melioidosis: two case reports. 美拉德氏病患者在使用联合新诺明的根治阶段出现中性粒细胞减少性败血症:两个病例报告。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1393
Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera, Gerard Ranasinghe

Introduction: Burkholderia pseudomallei is the bacterium that causes melioidosis. It is mostly a tropical disease, and particularly common in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The intensive intravenous phase and the oral prolonged eradication phase are the two phases of melioidosis treatment. The current recommended treatment for melioidosis eradication is oral co-trimoxazole (TMP/SMX).

Case report: Two patients were diagnosed with B. pseudomallei bacteremia without a focus and were treated with oral TMP/SMX with folic acid during the eradication phase. Both presented with neutropenic sepsis with pneumonia and pyelonephritis at days 48 and 45 following TMP/SMX 320/1600 mg q12h (4 tablets) and in both of them, the folic acid compliance was poor. One patient died and the other survived following intensive treatment for neutropenia. At the presentation following neutropenic sepsis among both patients, the red blood cells and platelets were within normal limits. Both patients were on a high dose of TMP/SMX, as both were within 40-60 kg of body weight the ideal TMP/SMX dose would be 240/1200 mg q12h (3 tablets). Pancytopenia caused by TMP/SMX can frequently develop gradually over time. Alternately, it can develop rapidly and swiftly escalate to fulminant sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fast hemolysis. However, the development of isolated neutropenia is rarely described in the literature.

Conclusions: Prolonged use of TMP/SMX is important to eradicate B. pseudomallei and always the possibility of rare adverse effects has to be considered. Always weight-based TMP-SMX dosing has to be encouraged with need to ensure the compliance of folic acid. During the eradication phase, continuous monitoring of blood cell lines with weekly full blood count would be essential to identify neutropenia in advance.

简介伯克霍尔德氏假丝酵母菌是引起美拉德氏病的细菌。它主要是一种热带疾病,在东南亚和澳大利亚北部尤为常见。强化静脉注射阶段和口服长期根除阶段是治疗类鼻疽的两个阶段。目前推荐的根除美拉德氏病的治疗方法是口服联合三唑类药物(TMP/SMX):两名患者被诊断为无病灶的假丝酵母菌菌血症,在根除阶段接受了口服 TMP/SMX 和叶酸治疗。在服用 TMP/SMX 320/1600 毫克 q12h(4 片)后的第 48 天和第 45 天,两人都出现了中性粒细胞减少性败血症,并伴有肺炎和肾盂肾炎。一名患者死亡,另一名患者在接受中性粒细胞减少强化治疗后存活。两名患者在中性粒细胞减少性败血症后就诊时,红细胞和血小板均在正常范围内。两名患者都服用了大剂量的 TMP/SMX,因为体重都在 40-60 公斤以内,理想的 TMP/SMX 剂量为 240/1200 毫克,每 12 小时一次(3 片)。由 TMP/SMX 引起的全血细胞减少通常会随着时间的推移而逐渐发展。或者,它可以迅速发展,并迅速升级为严重败血症、弥散性血管内凝血和快速溶血。然而,文献中很少有关于出现孤立性中性粒细胞减少症的描述:结论:长期使用TMP/SMX对根除假丝酵母菌非常重要,但必须始终考虑罕见不良反应的可能性。必须始终鼓励按体重服用 TMP-SMX,并确保叶酸的依从性。在根除阶段,每周进行一次全血细胞计数以持续监测血细胞系对于提前发现中性粒细胞减少症至关重要。
{"title":"Development of neutropenic sepsis during the eradication phase with co-trimoxazole in patients with melioidosis: two case reports.","authors":"Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera, Gerard Ranasinghe","doi":"10.18683/germs.2023.1393","DOIUrl":"10.18683/germs.2023.1393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> is the bacterium that causes melioidosis. It is mostly a tropical disease, and particularly common in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The intensive intravenous phase and the oral prolonged eradication phase are the two phases of melioidosis treatment. The current recommended treatment for melioidosis eradication is oral co-trimoxazole (TMP/SMX).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Two patients were diagnosed with <i>B. pseudomallei</i> bacteremia without a focus and were treated with oral TMP/SMX with folic acid during the eradication phase. Both presented with neutropenic sepsis with pneumonia and pyelonephritis at days 48 and 45 following TMP/SMX 320/1600 mg q12h (4 tablets) and in both of them, the folic acid compliance was poor. One patient died and the other survived following intensive treatment for neutropenia. At the presentation following neutropenic sepsis among both patients, the red blood cells and platelets were within normal limits. Both patients were on a high dose of TMP/SMX, as both were within 40-60 kg of body weight the ideal TMP/SMX dose would be 240/1200 mg q12h (3 tablets). Pancytopenia caused by TMP/SMX can frequently develop gradually over time. Alternately, it can develop rapidly and swiftly escalate to fulminant sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fast hemolysis. However, the development of isolated neutropenia is rarely described in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonged use of TMP/SMX is important to eradicate <i>B. pseudomallei</i> and always the possibility of rare adverse effects has to be considered. Always weight-based TMP-SMX dosing has to be encouraged with need to ensure the compliance of folic acid. During the eradication phase, continuous monitoring of blood cell lines with weekly full blood count would be essential to identify neutropenia in advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45107,"journal":{"name":"GERMS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139038012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogens causing febrile urinary tract infection in a Pediatric University Hospital. 一家儿科大学医院中引起发热性尿路感染的尿路病原体的菌血症和抗菌药耐药性模式。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1387
Hassan Heshmat, Marwa Meheissen, Ahmed Farid, Eman Hamza

Introduction: Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are among the most serious bacterial infections. Inadequate treatment can lead to kidney scarring and permanent kidney damage. Eight to ten percent of children with UTIs could have concomitant bacteremia. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of UTI-associated bacteremia and identify common organisms causing UTIs and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to help guide empiric antimicrobial therapy.

Methods: The current study was conducted over a 6-month period on children admitted with febrile UTIs at Alexandria University Children's Hospital. Blood and urine samples were collected for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results: A total of 103 children with a median age of 12 months (IQR 6.0-24.0) were included in the study. Concomitant bacteremia was present in 63.1% (n=65). The median temperature of 38.40°C (IQR 38.15-38.60) and the median creatinine level of 0.18 mg/dL (IQR 0.14-0.25) were significantly higher in the bacteremic group compared to the non-bacteremic group (p=0.005, p=0.034, respectively). E. coli (n=51; 49.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=30; 29.1%) were the most common isolated organisms. Most (n=68; 66%) of the isolated organisms were multidrug-resistant (MDR), followed by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (n=16; 15.5%), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) organisms (n=1; 1%). E. coli showed lower resistance to gentamicin and ceftriaxone (9.8 % and 13.7%, respectively).

Conclusions: E. coli remains the most important UTI pathogen. Ceftriaxone and gentamicin are good empiric options for febrile UTIs in our hospital.

导言:儿童发热性尿路感染(UTI)是最严重的细菌感染之一。治疗不当会导致肾脏结疤和永久性肾损伤。UTI患儿中有8%至10%可能同时患有菌血症。本研究旨在估算尿毒症相关菌血症的发病率,并确定引起尿毒症的常见微生物及其抗菌药敏感性模式,以帮助指导经验性抗菌治疗:本研究对亚历山大大学儿童医院收治的发热性 UTI 儿童进行了为期 6 个月的研究。收集血液和尿液样本进行培养和抗菌药敏感性检测:研究共纳入 103 名儿童,中位年龄为 12 个月(IQR 6.0-24.0)。63.1%的患儿(n=65)伴有菌血症。与非菌血症组相比,菌血症组的体温中位数为 38.40°C(IQR 38.15-38.60),肌酐中位数为 0.18 mg/dL(IQR 0.14-0.25),均显著高于非菌血症组(分别为 p=0.005 和 p=0.034)。大肠杆菌(n=51;49.5%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(n=30;29.1%)是最常见的分离菌。大多数分离菌(n=68;66%)对多种药物具有耐药性(MDR),其次是广泛耐药菌(XDR)(n=16;15.5%)和泛耐药菌(PDR)(n=1;1%)。大肠杆菌对庆大霉素和头孢曲松的耐药性较低(分别为9.8%和13.7%):结论:大肠杆菌仍是最重要的UTI病原体。结论:大肠埃希菌仍是最重要的UTI病原体,头孢曲松和庆大霉素是我院治疗发热性UTI的最佳经验选择。
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引用次数: 0
Microbiome analysis of bile samples in patients with choledocholithiasis and hepatobiliary disorders. 胆总管结石和肝胆疾病患者胆汁样本的微生物组分析。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1390
Masoumeh Azimirad, Amir Sadeghi, Nazanin Hosseinkhan, Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri, Masoud Alebouyeh

Introduction: The involvement of bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of the biliary tissue among adult patients with choledocholithiasis during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP).

Methods: 16S rDNA sequencing of bile samples, culture, and data of the medication history, underlying diseases, and liver function tests were used for the interpretation of differences in the composition of detected bacterial taxa.

Results: The four most common phyla in the bile samples included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Infection with anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria showed host specificity, where Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium, Gemella, and Helicobacter coexist in the same patients. Clostridium and Peptoclostridium spp. were detected in 80% and 86% of the patients, where the highest relative abundance rates were detected in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and leukocytosis, respectively. Higher diversity in the bacterial population was detected in patients with common bile duct (CBD) stone, in which the richness of an unclassified member of Alphaproteobacteria plus Helicobacter, Enterobacter/Cronobacter spp., Sphingomonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Aeromonas were detected.

Conclusions: Our findings suggested correlations between the presence and relative abundance of several bacterial taxa and CBD stone formation and the effect of medication and underlying diseases on the bile microbial communities. A study on a higher number of bile samples from patients compared with the control group could reveal the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease.

导言:细菌参与胆道疾病的发病机制在很大程度上尚属未知。本研究调查了内镜逆行胆管造影术(ERCP)中胆道组织中的微生物群。方法:对胆汁样本进行 16S rDNA 测序、培养,并利用用药史、基础疾病和肝功能检查数据解释检测到的细菌类群组成的差异:结果:胆汁样本中最常见的四个菌门包括变形菌门、固形菌门、放线菌门和类杆菌门。厌氧菌和微嗜氧菌感染显示出宿主特异性,在同一患者中同时存在镰刀菌、普雷沃特菌、维龙菌、丙酸杆菌、双子叶菌和螺旋杆菌。在 80% 和 86% 的患者中检测到了梭状芽孢杆菌属和肽梭状芽孢杆菌属,在碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平升高和白细胞增多的患者中检测到的相对丰度最高。在总胆管(CBD)结石患者中检测到的细菌群多样性较高,其中有一种未分类的阿尔法蛋白杆菌,另外还有螺旋杆菌、肠杆菌属/产气杆菌属、斯芬格单胞菌属、普雷沃特氏菌属、镰刀菌属和气单胞菌属:我们的研究结果表明,一些细菌类群的存在和相对丰度与 CBD 结石的形成以及药物和潜在疾病对胆汁微生物群落的影响之间存在相关性。与对照组相比,对更多患者的胆汁样本进行研究可揭示这些细菌在胆道疾病发病机制中的作用。
{"title":"Microbiome analysis of bile samples in patients with choledocholithiasis and hepatobiliary disorders.","authors":"Masoumeh Azimirad, Amir Sadeghi, Nazanin Hosseinkhan, Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri, Masoud Alebouyeh","doi":"10.18683/germs.2023.1390","DOIUrl":"10.18683/germs.2023.1390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The involvement of bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of the biliary tissue among adult patients with choledocholithiasis during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>16S rDNA</i> sequencing of bile samples, culture, and data of the medication history, underlying diseases, and liver function tests were used for the interpretation of differences in the composition of detected bacterial taxa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four most common phyla in the bile samples included <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinobacteria,</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. Infection with anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria showed host specificity, where <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Veillonella</i>, <i>Propionibacterium</i>, <i>Gemella</i>, and <i>Helicobacter</i> coexist in the same patients. <i>Clostridium</i> and <i>Peptoclostridium</i> spp. were detected in 80% and 86% of the patients, where the highest relative abundance rates were detected in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and leukocytosis, respectively. Higher diversity in the bacterial population was detected in patients with common bile duct (CBD) stone, in which the richness of an unclassified member of <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> plus <i>Helicobacter</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>/<i>Cronobacter</i> spp., <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i> and <i>Aeromona</i>s were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggested correlations between the presence and relative abundance of several bacterial taxa and CBD stone formation and the effect of medication and underlying diseases on the bile microbial communities. A study on a higher number of bile samples from patients compared with the control group could reveal the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45107,"journal":{"name":"GERMS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139038047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bloodstream infections in India - a single center prospective cohort study. 印度出现的耐多药革兰氏阳性血流感染--一项单中心前瞻性队列研究。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1389
Nakka Vihari, Gopal Krishana Bohra, Ram Ratan Yadev, Deepak Kumar, Durga Shankar Meena, Vibhor Tak, Ankur Sharma, Vijaylaxmi Nag, Mahendra Kumar Garg

Introduction: Gram-positive bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an emerging health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. There is a paucity of data regarding the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of Gram-positive BSIs. The rise in multidrug-resistant infections further convoluted antibiotic selection. We aimed to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiological profile, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and outcome in Gram-positive BSIs.

Methods: This was a single-center prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Western India. All patients (age ≥18 years) with culture-proven Gram-positive BSIs were included. Data were collected on all patients' demography, risk factors, AMR and clinical outcome.

Results: A total of 210 clinically significant isolates were grown from July 2020 to December 2021. The incidence of Gram-positive BSIs was 29% (n=61); 55.9% of cases were healthcare-associated, while 44.1% were community-acquired. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the major isolates (36.1%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (27.9%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (18%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (14.7%). The proportion of vancomycin and teicoplanin-resistant CoNS isolates was 13.6% and 19%. Among Enterococcus isolates, the proportion of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) were 11.8% and 5.9%. The overall mortality in Gram-positive BSIs was 42.6%. Older age, MRSA infection, septic shock, and high NLR were significantly associated with mortality. On the Cox regression model, age ≥65 years (HR: 2.5; 95%CI: 1.1-5.8; p=0.024) and MRSA infection (HR: 3.6; 95%CI: 1.5-8.5; p=0.021) were found as independent predictors of 30-day mortality.

Conclusions: This study found substantial mortality with Gram-positive BSIs, especially MRSA infections. Moreover, the emergence of VRE and LRE is also alarming. Active surveillance of AMR and evaluation of mortality predictors may help overcome the therapeutic challenges in managing BSIs.

导言:革兰氏阳性血流感染(BSI)是一个新出现的健康问题,尤其是在资源有限的环境中。有关革兰氏阳性 BSIs 的抗菌药耐药性(AMR)模式的数据很少。耐多药感染的增加进一步阻碍了抗生素的选择。我们旨在评估革兰氏阳性 BSI 的发病率、临床和微生物学特征、抗菌药耐药性(AMR)和治疗效果:这是一项在印度西部一家三级医院进行的单中心前瞻性研究。研究纳入了所有经培养证实为革兰氏阳性 BSIs 的患者(年龄≥18 岁)。研究收集了所有患者的人口统计学、风险因素、AMR和临床结果等数据:结果:2020 年 7 月至 2021 年 12 月期间,共培养出 210 例具有临床意义的分离菌株。革兰氏阳性 BSI 的发病率为 29%(n=61);55.9% 的病例与医疗相关,44.1% 的病例为社区获得性病例。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CoNS)是主要分离菌株(36.1%),其次是肠球菌属(27.9%)、甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)(18%)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)(14.7%)。耐万古霉素和替考拉宁的 CoNS 分离物比例分别为 13.6% 和 19%。在肠球菌分离株中,耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)和耐利奈唑胺肠球菌(LRE)的比例分别为 11.8%和 5.9%。革兰氏阳性 BSI 的总死亡率为 42.6%。高龄、MRSA感染、脓毒性休克和高NLR与死亡率显著相关。在 Cox 回归模型中,年龄≥65 岁(HR:2.5;95%CI:1.1-5.8;P=0.024)和 MRSA 感染(HR:3.6;95%CI:1.5-8.5;P=0.021)是 30 天死亡率的独立预测因素:本研究发现,革兰氏阳性 BSI,尤其是 MRSA 感染会导致大量死亡。此外,VRE 和 LRE 的出现也令人担忧。积极监测 AMR 和评估死亡率预测因素可能有助于克服 BSIs 的治疗难题。
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