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Effect of antibiotic de-escalation on clinical outcomes in patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia (CRE) in the hematology-oncology setting. 抗生素降级对血液肿瘤科耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌菌血症 (CRE) 患者临床疗效的影响。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1388
Nitin Bansal, Neelam Sachdeva, Dinesh Bhurani, Narendra Agarwal, Rayaz Ahmed, Pallavi Mehta, Rohan Halder

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections are associated with poor outcomes, particularly among hematology-oncology patients. Appropriate use (selection and de-escalation) of antibiotics is a key component of management of febrile neutropenia particularly in high CRE prevalence regions like India.

Methods: This was a retrospective study done (April 2019-December 2021) in a dedicated oncology center in North India, which assessed the case records of the patients undergoing therapy for hematological malignancies who were diagnosed with CRE bacteremia. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data, as well as antibiotic prescription patterns were studied. Inter-group analysis was done between an antibiotic stewardship cohort (avoiding CRE therapy empirically or stopping CRE therapy if cultures negative; as per suggestions of the AMS team) and a non-antibiotic stewardship cohort (continuation of empirical CRE therapy; de-escalation advice was not followed).

Results: A total of 139 patients were identified, with median age of 41 years (range 13-74) out of which 82 (58.9%) were males. Acute myeloid leukemia (66.2%) was the most common malignancy, followed by lymphoma (8.6%) and myeloma (8.6%). Nearly 30% of patients were post allogenic stem cell transplant. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant organism (78.4%) and combination of NDM+OXA-48 (46.3%) was the most common carbapenemase gene detected followed by OXA-48 alone (34.7%). Overall, 28-day mortality was 26.6%. On binary logistic regression analysis, lack of compliance with antibiotic stewardship intervention was an independent predictor of mortality (p=0.005).

Conclusions: Prior exposure to empirical CRE therapy or failure to de-escalate was associated with poor outcomes in patients with CRE bacteremia, which gives us a window of antibiotic stewardship in febrile neutropenia.

导言:耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌(CRE)感染与不良预后有关,尤其是在血液肿瘤科患者中。抗生素的合理使用(选择和降级)是发热性中性粒细胞减少症治疗的关键组成部分,尤其是在印度等 CRE 高发地区:这是一项回顾性研究(2019 年 4 月至 2021 年 12 月),在印度北部一家专门的肿瘤中心进行,评估了接受血液恶性肿瘤治疗并确诊为 CRE 菌血症患者的病例记录。对人口统计学、临床和微生物学数据以及抗生素处方模式进行了研究。在抗生素监管队列(根据 AMS 团队的建议,避免经验性 CRE 治疗或在培养阴性时停止 CRE 治疗)和非抗生素监管队列(继续经验性 CRE 治疗;不遵循降级建议)之间进行了组间分析:共发现 139 名患者,中位年龄为 41 岁(13-74 岁不等),其中 82 名(58.9%)为男性。急性髓性白血病(66.2%)是最常见的恶性肿瘤,其次是淋巴瘤(8.6%)和骨髓瘤(8.6%)。近30%的患者接受过异基因干细胞移植。肺炎克雷伯菌是最主要的病原体(78.4%),NDM+OXA-48(46.3%)是最常见的碳青霉烯酶基因,其次是单独的OXA-48(34.7%)。总体而言,28 天死亡率为 26.6%。在二元逻辑回归分析中,不遵守抗生素监管措施是死亡率的独立预测因素(P=0.005):结论:CRE菌血症患者既往接受过经验性CRE治疗或未能降级治疗与不良预后有关,这为我们在发热性中性粒细胞减少症患者中开展抗生素管理提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
The 5Ds of optimized antimicrobial prescription in dental medicine. 牙科医学中优化抗菌处方的 5Ds。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1386
Oana Săndulescu, Mihai Săndulescu
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引用次数: 0
Minimally-invasive definitive treatment of recurrent sialadenitis due to obstructive sialolithiasis - a case report. 阻塞性霰粒肿引起的复发性霰粒肿的微创明确治疗--病例报告。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1397
Iulian Filipov, Corina Marilena Cristache, Mihai Săndulescu

Introduction: Salivary gland lithiasis is one of the most frequent causes of sialadenitis. We report the case of a patient who presented multiple episodes of subangulomandibular tumefaction, until salivary lithiasis was finally identified as the underlying condition and resolved through a minimally invasive approach.

Case report: A 43-year-old male patient presented with a history of 12 episodes of recurring one-sided subangulomandibular tumefaction over the course of the past 3 years. A computed tomography of the head and neck revealed a large calculus on Wharton's duct and right lithiasic submaxillitis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment and antibiotic treatment was administered, and after the complete resolution of the acute process, we performed a sialendoscopically-assisted sialolithotomy with complete removal of the calculus. Following the procedure, the patient was discharged on the same day, clinically well, and displayed no further recurrences over a follow-up duration of 12 months.

Conclusions: The case we have reported highlights the importance of performing a correct differential diagnosis and of determining the underlying cause of recurrent sialadenitis, in order to ensure the most adequate therapeutic and, when warranted, minimally-invasive surgical management for definitive treatment.

简介唾液腺结石是引起唾液腺囊炎最常见的原因之一。我们报告了一例患者的病例,该患者曾多次出现颌下腺肿瘤,直到最终确定涎腺结石为潜在疾病,并通过微创方法解决了问题:一名 43 岁的男性患者在过去 3 年中反复发作了 12 次单侧颌下肿瘤。头颈部计算机断层扫描显示,沃顿氏管上有一大块结石,右侧颌骨下炎。经过非甾体抗炎治疗和抗生素治疗,在急性病程完全缓解后,我们为患者实施了霰粒肿内窥镜辅助下的霰粒肿切开术,彻底清除了结石。术后,患者于当日出院,临床症状良好,随访12个月未再复发:我们报告的病例强调了进行正确鉴别诊断和确定复发性咽鼓管炎潜在病因的重要性,以确保采取最适当的治疗方法,并在必要时采取微创手术治疗进行最终治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation of Hafnia alvei from bronchoalveolar lavage of an immunocompetent host presenting with cavitating pneumonia: Contaminant or Causative? 从一名出现空洞性肺炎的免疫功能正常宿主的支气管肺泡灌洗液中分离出 Hafnia alvei:污染物还是致病菌?
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1398
Jayleigh Lim, Kenneth Bolger, Brian Canavan

Introduction: Hafnia alvei is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus that is most often found as an enteric commensal. It is seldom considered to be pathogenic in immunocompetent individuals.

Case report: We describe a case of a 23-year-old, previously healthy male, who presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of hemoptysis, mild dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fevers, and chills. Bloods revealed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. Chest X-ray and CT of the thorax revealed a cavitating lesion in the right upper lobe. He was commenced on empiric antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate and clarithromycin for community-acquired pneumonia in accordance with local guidelines. He subsequently underwent a bronchoscopy, and the bronchoalveolar lavage sample revealed a heavy growth of H. alvei. Despite the widely documented natural resistance of H. alvei to penicillin, the patient demonstrated complete resolution of his symptoms and initial raised inflammatory markers.

Conclusions: We present a case of community-acquired cavitary pneumonia in a previously healthy young adult with H. alvei isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Parallels are drawn between our case and other cases of H. alvei respiratory isolates in our discussion of its clinical significance.

简介Hafnia alvei 是一种革兰氏阴性、兼性厌氧杆菌,最常见于肠道共生菌。在免疫功能正常的个体中,它很少被认为是致病菌:我们描述了一例 23 岁的健康男性病例,他因咯血、轻度呼吸困难、胸膜炎性胸痛、发热和寒战两天后到急诊科就诊。血常规显示白细胞增多和 C 反应蛋白升高。胸部 X 光片和胸部 CT 显示右上叶有空洞性病变。根据当地指南,他开始接受阿莫西林/克拉维酸和克拉霉素的经验性抗生素治疗,以治疗社区获得性肺炎。随后,他接受了支气管镜检查,支气管肺泡灌洗液样本显示有大量白喉杆菌生长。尽管有大量文件证明白喉杆菌对青霉素具有天然抗药性,但患者的症状和最初升高的炎症指标均已完全缓解:我们介绍了一例由支气管肺泡灌洗液样本中分离出的肺泡弧菌引起的社区获得性空洞性肺炎病例。在讨论该病例的临床意义时,我们将该病例与其他从呼吸道分离出的肺泡伊蚊病例进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as a clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report. 作为肺结核临床表现的获得性血栓性血小板减少性紫癜:病例报告。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1392
Kateir Contreras, Oscar Miguel Contreras Amorocho, Julian Serrano Giraldo

Introduction: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency that can be potentially fatal if not treated in a timely manner.

Case report: A 49-year-old previously healthy woman was admitted with a 3-month history of thoracoabdominal pain and headache associated with loss of appetite, emesis, nocturnal diaphoresis, and unintentional loss of 10 kg. On admission she presented anemia, thrombocytopenia, schistocytes in peripheral blood smear, and ADAMTS13 in 1.4%. Due to laboratory findings a diagnosis of TTP was established, and plasma exchange therapy and steroid pulses were started, with resolution of hematological alterations. Within the studies to determine etiology of TTP, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was found, neoplastic and autoimmune pathologies were excluded. The tetraconjugated treatment was initiated with optimal tolerance.

Conclusions: Upon clinical suspicion of TTP, plasma exchange therapy should be initiated urgently; infectious, neoplastic, or autoimmune pathologies can be triggers; in this case, pulmonary TB was confirmed.

导言:血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)是一种血栓性微血管病,与严重的 ADAMTS13 缺乏症有关,如不及时治疗可能致命:一名 49 岁的健康女性因 3 个月的胸腹部疼痛和头痛病史入院,伴有食欲不振、呕吐、夜间腹泻,体重意外减少 10 公斤。入院时,她出现贫血、血小板减少、外周血涂片中出现裂形细胞,ADAMTS13检出率为1.4%。根据实验室检查结果,她被确诊为 TTP,并开始接受血浆置换治疗和类固醇脉冲治疗,血液学改变有所缓解。在确定 TTP 病因的研究中,发现了肺结核(TB),排除了肿瘤和自身免疫性病变。在开始接受四联疗法治疗后,患者的耐受性达到最佳:结论:临床怀疑 TTP 时,应立即开始血浆置换治疗;感染、肿瘤或自身免疫性病变都可能是诱因;在本例病例中,肺结核得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection presenting as severe respiratory failure and septic shock. 卡介苗(BCG)播散性感染,表现为严重呼吸衰竭和脓毒性休克。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1395
Diamantina Marouli, Charalampos Pappas, Maria Raissaki, Athanasia Proklou, Eleftherios Papadakis, Eumorfia Kondili

Introduction: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation is the most effective adjuvant therapy for superficial urinary bladder carcinoma, prolonging disease-free survival. Although it is usually well tolerated, moderate to severe local or systemic infectious complications, including sepsis involving multiple organs, may occur.

Case report: We report the unusual case of a man in his mid '70s who presented with septic shock and severe acute respiratory failure requiring intubation. Lack of response to antibiotics, history of intravesical BCG instillation and consistent imaging findings led to further investigations, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicating pneumonitis due to Mycobacterium bovis dissemination. Prompt anti-tuberculosis treatment combined with corticosteroids resulted in significant clinical and radiological improvement, supporting the diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection.

Conclusions: Due to its non-specific clinical presentation and the relatively low diagnostic yield of conventional microbiological tests, a high index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and treatment of systemic BCG infection. PCR-based assays for mycobacterial DNA identification may represent a valuable tool facilitating timely diagnosis of this uncommon, yet potentially life-threatening infection.

简介膀胱内注射卡介苗(BCG)是治疗浅表性膀胱癌最有效的辅助疗法,可延长无病生存期。虽然该疗法通常耐受性良好,但也可能出现中度至重度局部或全身感染性并发症,包括累及多个器官的败血症:我们报告了一例不寻常的病例:一名 70 多岁的男子出现脓毒性休克和严重急性呼吸衰竭,需要插管治疗。由于对抗生素无反应、膀胱内卡介苗灌注史和影像学检查结果一致,患者接受了进一步检查,支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)聚合酶链反应(PCR)结果显示患者患有牛分枝杆菌播散引起的肺炎。及时的抗结核治疗和皮质类固醇治疗使患者的临床和影像学症状明显好转,支持了卡介苗播散感染的诊断:结论:由于卡介苗感染的临床表现无特异性,且传统微生物检验的诊断率相对较低,因此需要高度怀疑才能及时诊断和治疗全身性卡介苗感染。基于 PCR 技术的分枝杆菌 DNA 鉴定方法可能是一种宝贵的工具,有助于及时诊断这种不常见但可能危及生命的感染。
{"title":"Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection presenting as severe respiratory failure and septic shock.","authors":"Diamantina Marouli, Charalampos Pappas, Maria Raissaki, Athanasia Proklou, Eleftherios Papadakis, Eumorfia Kondili","doi":"10.18683/germs.2023.1395","DOIUrl":"10.18683/germs.2023.1395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation is the most effective adjuvant therapy for superficial urinary bladder carcinoma, prolonging disease-free survival. Although it is usually well tolerated, moderate to severe local or systemic infectious complications, including sepsis involving multiple organs, may occur.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report the unusual case of a man in his mid '70s who presented with septic shock and severe acute respiratory failure requiring intubation. Lack of response to antibiotics, history of intravesical BCG instillation and consistent imaging findings led to further investigations, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicating pneumonitis due to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> dissemination. Prompt anti-tuberculosis treatment combined with corticosteroids resulted in significant clinical and radiological improvement, supporting the diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to its non-specific clinical presentation and the relatively low diagnostic yield of conventional microbiological tests, a high index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and treatment of systemic BCG infection. PCR-based assays for mycobacterial DNA identification may represent a valuable tool facilitating timely diagnosis of this uncommon, yet potentially life-threatening infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":45107,"journal":{"name":"GERMS","volume":"13 3","pages":"277-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139038024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finding of Anaerococcus hydrogenalis in blood using cell-free DNA technique in a patient with infective endocarditis. 利用无细胞 DNA 技术在一名感染性心内膜炎患者的血液中发现氢化厌氧球菌。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1396
Tulika Chatterjee, Moni Roy, Yeshaswini Panathur Sreenivasa Reddy, Sharjeel Ahmad

Introduction: The annual incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is 3-9 cases per 100000 in developed countries and most cases are due to staphylococci and streptococci. IE due to Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) is very rare.

Case report: We present a case of a 38-year-old female with Anaerococcus hydrogenalis bacteremia and infective endocarditis of the native mitral valve. She presented with fever, chills, and abdominal pain. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen showed splenic abscesses. Blood cultures and broad-range PCR from the splenic abscess sample were negative. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mobile filamentous structure on the atrial side of the anterior mitral leaflet which was suggestive for infective endocarditis. Karius test (cell-free microbial DNA testing) showed Gram-positive anaerobic cocci Anaerococcus hydrogenalis. She was successfully treated with antibiotics.

Conclusions: In cases of infection with fastidious organisms like GPACs, the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) can allow the correct identification of culprit pathogens and streamlined treatment.

导言:在发达国家,感染性心内膜炎(IE)的年发病率为每十万人中3-9例,大多数病例由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起。革兰氏阳性厌氧球菌(GPAC)引起的 IE 非常罕见:我们报告了一例 38 岁女性的病例,她患有氢化厌氧球菌菌血症和原发性二尖瓣感染性心内膜炎。患者出现发热、寒战和腹痛。腹部计算机断层扫描显示有脾脓肿。脾脓肿样本的血液培养和广谱 PCR 结果均为阴性。经胸超声心动图显示,二尖瓣前叶心房侧有一个移动的丝状结构,提示感染性心内膜炎。卡里乌斯试验(无细胞微生物 DNA 检测)显示,患者体内存在革兰氏阳性厌氧球菌氢化厌氧球菌。她成功地接受了抗生素治疗:结论:在感染 GPACs 等快速微生物的病例中,使用新一代测序技术(NGS)可以正确识别罪魁祸首病原体并简化治疗。
{"title":"Finding of <i>Anaerococcus hydrogenalis</i> in blood using cell-free DNA technique in a patient with infective endocarditis.","authors":"Tulika Chatterjee, Moni Roy, Yeshaswini Panathur Sreenivasa Reddy, Sharjeel Ahmad","doi":"10.18683/germs.2023.1396","DOIUrl":"10.18683/germs.2023.1396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The annual incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is 3-9 cases per 100000 in developed countries and most cases are due to staphylococci and streptococci. IE due to Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) is very rare.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present a case of a 38-year-old female with <i>Anaerococcus hydrogenalis</i> bacteremia and infective endocarditis of the native mitral valve. She presented with fever, chills, and abdominal pain. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen showed splenic abscesses. Blood cultures and broad-range PCR from the splenic abscess sample were negative. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mobile filamentous structure on the atrial side of the anterior mitral leaflet which was suggestive for infective endocarditis. Karius test (cell-free microbial DNA testing) showed Gram-positive anaerobic cocci <i>Anaerococcus hydrogenalis.</i> She was successfully treated with antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In cases of infection with fastidious organisms like GPACs, the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) can allow the correct identification of culprit pathogens and streamlined treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45107,"journal":{"name":"GERMS","volume":"13 3","pages":"282-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139038045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comment on "Medical students' attitudes and perceptions of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Cyprus". 就 "塞浦路斯医学生对流感和 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种的态度和看法 "发表评论。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-06-30 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1385
Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit
{"title":"Comment on \"Medical students' attitudes and perceptions of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Cyprus\".","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.18683/germs.2023.1385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45107,"journal":{"name":"GERMS","volume":"13 2","pages":"192-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10746334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fatal hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in an immunocompetent patient. 一名免疫功能正常的患者因支气管败血波氏杆菌引起致命的出血性支气管肺炎。
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-06-30 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1381
Steven Tessier, Santo Longo, Mohamed Turki, Malek Numeir, Thong Le, Firas Ido

Introduction: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a rare cause of hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia. Important to the clinician is a clear understanding that the treatment of this rare organism differs greatly from the successful antibiotic treatment of the more common Bordetella species, pertussis and parapertussis.

Case report: A 64-year-old female presented to the emergency department after experiencing one week of worsening hemoptysis. Upon admission, she was afebrile and all initial laboratory test results were normal. Bronchoalveolar hemorrhage suggested by radiographic imaging was confirmed by bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures contained unspeciated Bordetella. Rapid worsening of the hemoptysis led to intubation and the decision to perform bronchial artery embolization. However, the intensity of the hemoptysis persisted. Septic shock ensued despite treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics including azithromycin, vancomycin, and cefepime. The microbiological speciation results finalized shortly after the patient's death. The identified organism was B. bronchiseptica.

Conclusions: Although macrolide antibiotics are first line treatment for B. pertussis and parapertussis, macrolide antibiotics are generally not effective against B. bronchiseptica. Clinical suspicion of B. bronchiseptica infection should prompt consideration of alternative antibiotics known to be effective against this rare species, including carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. The use of these latter antibiotics may advisably be considered as an empirical treatment during the delay of microbiological speciation.

导言:支气管败血波氏杆菌是引起出血性支气管肺炎的罕见病原体。临床医生必须清楚地认识到,这种罕见病菌的治疗方法与百日咳和副百日咳等更常见的博德特氏菌的成功抗生素治疗方法有很大不同:一名 64 岁的女性在经历了一周的咯血恶化后到急诊科就诊。入院时,她无发热,所有初步实验室检查结果均正常。经支气管镜检查证实,放射成像提示支气管肺泡出血。支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)培养出不明博德特氏菌。由于咯血症状迅速恶化,医生为其插管并决定进行支气管动脉栓塞术。然而,咯血仍在持续。尽管使用了包括阿奇霉素、万古霉素和头孢吡肟在内的广谱抗生素治疗,脓毒性休克还是接踵而至。患者死后不久,微生物标本鉴定结果出来了。鉴定出的病原体是支气管败血波氏杆菌:结论:虽然大环内酯类抗生素是治疗百日咳和副百日咳的一线药物,但大环内酯类抗生素通常对支气管败血双球菌无效。临床怀疑支气管败血波菌感染时,应考虑使用已知对这种罕见病菌有效的替代抗生素,包括碳青霉烯类和氟喹诺酮类。在延缓微生物分型的过程中,可考虑使用氟喹诺酮类抗生素作为经验性治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Is Corynebacterium striatum an emerging prosthetic joint infection pathogen and how should it be treated? 横纹科球菌是一种新出现的假体关节感染病原体吗?
IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2023-06-30 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1378
James B Doub

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of Corynebacterium striatum prosthetic joint infections (PJI) to determine if an increase has occurred recently. Moreover, susceptibility testing was conducted on C. striatum preserved isolates to determine antibiotic options for these infections.

Methods: Retrospective review of PJI cases was conducted from 1/2017 through 1/2021 compared to 1/2021 through 7/2022 to determine how many cases of C. striatum have occurred for each of these time points. From these cases, demographics, outcomes and risk factors for C. striatum PJI were recorded. The preserved clinical isolates from these cases were tested for susceptibility to different antibiotics.

Results: A statistically significant increase in the proportion of C. striatum PJI cases (1.98 to 7.84, p=0.0489) has occurred over the past 16 months at a single institution. Chronic wounds and exposure to daptomycin were associated with the majority of these cases. Susceptibility testing of the clinical isolates showed uniform susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid and dalbavancin. Uniform resistance was seen with ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and doxycycline as well. Interestingly, 85.7% of the isolates displayed inducible daptomycin resistance after overnight exposure to daptomycin.

Conclusions: C. striatum is an emerging PJI pathogen. It is important for clinicians to be cognizant that this pathogen can have inducible high level daptomycin resistance and that daptomycin is likely not a reliable antibiotic for these infections. While vancomycin and linezolid are the traditional antibiotics to use in these infections, other antibiotics such as dalbavancin, may also have utility, but more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this antibiotic in C. striatum infections.

导言:本研究旨在评估条纹状杆菌假体关节感染(PJI)的发病率,以确定近期发病率是否有所上升。此外,还对保存的条纹状杆菌分离株进行了药敏试验,以确定治疗这些感染的抗生素选择:方法:对 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 1 月 1 日与 2021 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 7 月 7 日的 PJI 病例进行了回顾性审查,以确定每个时间点发生了多少例横纹肌溶解症病例。从这些病例中记录了横纹肌溶解症 PJI 的人口统计学特征、结果和风险因素。对这些病例中保存的临床分离物进行了不同抗生素敏感性测试:结果:在过去的 16 个月中,在一家医疗机构中,横纹肌溶解症 PJI 病例的比例出现了统计学意义上的显着增长(从 1.98 增至 7.84,p=0.0489)。这些病例大多与慢性伤口和接触达托霉素有关。临床分离株的药敏试验显示,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺和达巴万星具有一致的药敏性。对环丙沙星、四环素和强力霉素也有一致的耐药性。有趣的是,85.7%的分离株在与达托霉素接触过夜后显示出对达托霉素的诱导耐药性:结论:纹状杆菌是一种新出现的 PJI 病原体。临床医生必须认识到,这种病原体可能具有可诱导的高水平达托霉素耐药性,而且达托霉素可能不是治疗这些感染的可靠抗生素。虽然万古霉素和利奈唑胺是治疗此类感染的传统抗生素,但其他抗生素(如达巴万星)可能也有用武之地,但还需要更多的研究来确定这种抗生素对横纹肌溶解症感染的疗效。
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引用次数: 0
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