Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2023.2205603
P. Molosiwa, Maitseo M. M. Bolaane
ABSTRACT Told here is a story of the manifestations of cash money’s unseen and unpredictable power in the expropriations of Bechuanaland Protectorate Africans by store owners or traders during World War II. Failure to secure essential commodities in a period when cash dominated the market and had become the motif of the colonial economy surprised even the colonial officials who had thought that the ensuing ‘cash boom’ would bring prosperity across the social divide. This article mines the extant war archives to retrieve the neglected history of the repercussions of the first-ever cash boom the Bechuanaland Protectorate experienced since the advent of cash during the nineteenth century. As many people gained access to more cash, traders of predominantly foreign descent hiked prices unduly, in most cases using the war as an excuse. The article addresses two mutually inclusive forms of trader misconduct. First, it explores the trajectory of profiteering as it spread from the urban areas to impact the initially unaffected rural peripheries during the war. Secondly, it demonstrates the differentiated ways in which a tripartite of conditional selling, price differentials, and food rationing became the driving forces of the ‘evil’ that was profiteering.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2142842
Thina Nzo, Irina Filitova, A. Drew, T. Lodge
Uncovering the 10 decades of the history of the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), now known as the South African Communist Party (SACP), Tom Lodge seamlessly reveals a fraternal journey in the formation of one of the most significant movements in the anti-colonial and anti-apartheid class struggles in South Africa. The archival research material used to knit this book together has given it a very robust intellectual supremacy in terms of its ability to provide a genealogical account of the CPSA through its DNA that is embedded in the class struggles of mine workers and industrial workers (trade unions). From the early formations of socialist groups and their linkages with other international socialist movements, leading up to the formation of the CPSA and forging alliances with national liberation movements, Lodge has managed to add to the existing literature about communism in South Africa, including how it came into existence in South Africa, what role it played in shaping the liberation struggle in exile, and the extent to which it continues to occupy an influential position in the tripartite alliance post liberation. His book provides us with richly detailed descriptions that begin from the revival of gold mines, which lured many African migrants and white immigrants from Continental and Eastern Europe, England, Australia, the Unites States and Asia. He is able to show how the arrival of European immigrants, particularly those who had been part of the Italian Socialist Groups, German Socialist Democrats, Friends of Russian Freedom and Jewish Bund who were exposed to Marxist teachings, brought revolutionary strategies into labour movements from the early 1920s. Lodge demonstrates how, during this period, these groups played a key role in organising mine workers’ strikes and using insurrectionary strategies in labour struggles. In addition, the issue of racial labour reservation also became the nexus through which communists had to carefully think about how to distinguish themselves from exclusive white Socialist and Labour parties that paid little attention to representing and incorporating African mine workers into the union and labour movements. Here, we begin to see the emergence of a prominent figure amongst communists, Sidney Bunting, who was a member of the International Socialist League. Through the formation of Industrial Workers of Africa, the connections with the Transvaal Native Congress and communists who were members of the International Socialist League began to take shape. However, as we can see in the book, the presence of the Communist Party members and activists was mainly concentrated in Johannesburg and Cape Town, with a growing presence in Port Elizabeth and support of Indians in Durban who were affiliated to the Indian
Tom Lodge揭开了南非共产党（CPSA）（现在被称为南非共产党（SACP））10年的历史，无缝地揭示了南非反殖民和反种族隔离阶级斗争中最重要运动之一的兄弟之旅。用于将这本书编织在一起的档案研究材料使它具有了非常强大的知识优势，因为它能够通过其嵌入矿山工人和工业工人（工会）阶级斗争中的DNA来提供CPSA的家谱描述。从社会主义团体的早期形成及其与其他国际社会主义运动的联系，到CPSA的成立和与民族解放运动的联盟，洛奇成功地为南非现有的共产主义文献增添了内容，包括它是如何在南非产生的，它在塑造流亡中的解放斗争中发挥了什么作用，以及它在解放后的三方联盟中继续占据影响力的程度。他的书为我们提供了丰富详细的描述，这些描述始于金矿的复兴，金矿吸引了许多来自大陆和东欧、英国、澳大利亚、美国和亚洲的非洲移民和白人移民。他能够展示欧洲移民的到来，特别是那些曾加入意大利社会主义团体、德国社会主义民主党人、俄罗斯自由之友和犹太外滩的人，他们接触了马克思主义教义，如何将革命战略带入20世纪20年代初的劳工运动。洛奇展示了在这一时期，这些团体是如何在组织矿工罢工和在劳工斗争中使用叛乱策略方面发挥关键作用的。此外，种族劳工保留问题也成为共产主义者必须仔细思考如何将自己与排外的白人社会党和工党区分开来的纽带，这些政党很少关注代表非洲矿工并将其纳入工会和劳工运动。在这里，我们开始看到共产主义者中出现了一位杰出人物，西德尼·邦廷，他是国际社会主义联盟的成员。通过非洲工业工人的成立，与德兰士瓦原住民大会和国际社会主义联盟成员共产主义者的联系开始形成。然而，正如我们在书中所看到的，共产党员和活动家的存在主要集中在约翰内斯堡和开普敦，伊丽莎白港的存在越来越多，德班的印度人也支持他们，他们隶属于印第安人
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2023.2196608
G. Maré
The Rick Turner Lecture was presented in honour of the 50th anniversary of Rick Turner ’ s book, The Eye of the Needle , and the relevance of his forward-thinking philosophy to the present day, at the Southern Centre for Inequality Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, on 22 February 2022
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2102673
C. Kros
1. Sue Onslow, ‘Research Notes Special Collection: The Cold War in Southern Africa’, Cold War History, 22, 3 ()–358. 2. See e.g. Leopold Scholtz, The SADF and Cuito Cuanavale (Johannesburg: Delta Books, 2020). 3. Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson, The Hidden Thread. Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era (Roggebaai: Jonathan Ball, 2013). 4. For example, Csaba Bekes sees a meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact in July 1988 as ‘the beginning of the end for the Soviet bloc’: Hungary’s Cold War: International Relations from the End of World War II to the Fall of the Soviet Union (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022), Introduction. 5. cf. e.g. Chris Saunders, ‘“1989” and Southern Africa’, in Matthias Middell, Ulf Engel, and Frank Hadler, eds, 1989 in a Global Perspective (Leipzig; Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2015); Chris Saunders, ‘External Influences on Southern African Transformations: 1989 in Perspective’, in Comparativ. Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung 29, 4 (2019), 42–53. 6. The fullest discussion is Zwelethu Jolobe, International Mediation in the South African Transition: Brokering Power in Intractable Conflicts (Abingdon: Routledge, 2019). 7. cf. esp. Robert van Niekerk and Vishnu Padayachee, Shadow of Liberation: Contestation and Compromise in the Economic and Social Policy of the African National Congress, 1943–1996 (Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press, 2021). 8. Cleophas Johannes Tsokodayi, Namibia’s Independence Struggle: The Role of the United Nations (n.p.: Xlibris Corporation, n.d.). 9. Vladimir Shubin, The Hot “Cold War”: The USSR in Southern Africa (London: Pluto Press; 2008). 10. Nancy Jacobs, ‘How Washington Okumu Became the Mediator Who Saved the 1994 South African Elections’, South African Historical Journal, 73, 2 (2021), 288–317.
{"title":"The Lion of Azania: A Biography of Zephania Lekoame Mothopeng (1913–1990)","authors":"C. Kros","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2022.2102673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2022.2102673","url":null,"abstract":"1. Sue Onslow, ‘Research Notes Special Collection: The Cold War in Southern Africa’, Cold War History, 22, 3 ()–358. 2. See e.g. Leopold Scholtz, The SADF and Cuito Cuanavale (Johannesburg: Delta Books, 2020). 3. Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson, The Hidden Thread. Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era (Roggebaai: Jonathan Ball, 2013). 4. For example, Csaba Bekes sees a meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact in July 1988 as ‘the beginning of the end for the Soviet bloc’: Hungary’s Cold War: International Relations from the End of World War II to the Fall of the Soviet Union (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022), Introduction. 5. cf. e.g. Chris Saunders, ‘“1989” and Southern Africa’, in Matthias Middell, Ulf Engel, and Frank Hadler, eds, 1989 in a Global Perspective (Leipzig; Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2015); Chris Saunders, ‘External Influences on Southern African Transformations: 1989 in Perspective’, in Comparativ. Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung 29, 4 (2019), 42–53. 6. The fullest discussion is Zwelethu Jolobe, International Mediation in the South African Transition: Brokering Power in Intractable Conflicts (Abingdon: Routledge, 2019). 7. cf. esp. Robert van Niekerk and Vishnu Padayachee, Shadow of Liberation: Contestation and Compromise in the Economic and Social Policy of the African National Congress, 1943–1996 (Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press, 2021). 8. Cleophas Johannes Tsokodayi, Namibia’s Independence Struggle: The Role of the United Nations (n.p.: Xlibris Corporation, n.d.). 9. Vladimir Shubin, The Hot “Cold War”: The USSR in Southern Africa (London: Pluto Press; 2008). 10. Nancy Jacobs, ‘How Washington Okumu Became the Mediator Who Saved the 1994 South African Elections’, South African Historical Journal, 73, 2 (2021), 288–317.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"567 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2023.2189128
Linell Chewins
ABSTRACT In the early nineteenth century, João Albasini established himself as a slave and ivory trader at Delagoa Bay, current-day Maputo, Mozambique. In the 1850s, he moved west, crossing the Lubombo Mountains into the northern areas which in 1852 became the Transvaal, also known as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. He aimed to revive the Portuguese economy at Delagoa Bay through the trading possibilities offered by the Boer population inland. In 1953, the Afrikaans historian Johannes Bernadus de Vaal gave a detailed account of Albasini’s life. He, however, did not consider the Portuguese and Mozambican dimensions to Albasini’s economic activities in the Transvaal because he saw him as a true-blue Transvaler determined to promote the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek’s interests. While Albasini did attach himself to the Afrikaner community, he remained a staunch Portuguese patriot. He dreamt of establishing a Portuguese colony in current-day Mpumalanga to further Portugal’s hypothetical authority in Delagoa Bay’s hinterland. Although deeply interesting, De Vaal’s analysis lacks insight into the obstructive nature of the Portuguese policy towards the economic development of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. However, the independent spirit of the Boers (the Dutch population) and the lack of political will and resources of the Portuguese metropole stifled João Albasini’s imperialist dream.
19世纪初，jo奥·阿尔巴西尼在德拉戈阿湾(今莫桑比克马普托)从事奴隶和象牙贸易。在19世纪50年代，他向西迁移，越过卢邦博山脉进入1852年成为德兰士瓦省的北部地区，也被称为南非荷兰语共和国。他的目标是通过内陆布尔人提供的贸易机会，重振德拉戈亚湾的葡萄牙经济。1953年，南非荷兰历史学家Johannes Bernadus de Vaal详细描述了阿尔巴西尼的一生。但是，他不认为阿尔巴西尼在德兰士瓦的经济活动有葡萄牙和莫桑比克的方面，因为他认为阿尔巴西尼是一个决心促进南非荷兰语共和国利益的真正的德兰士瓦人。虽然阿尔巴西尼确实与阿非利卡人社区关系密切，但他仍然是一个坚定的葡萄牙爱国者。他梦想在今天的普马兰加省建立一个葡萄牙殖民地，以进一步巩固葡萄牙在德拉戈亚湾腹地的假想权威。德瓦尔的分析虽然非常有趣，但缺乏对葡萄牙对南非荷兰语共和国经济发展政策的阻碍性质的洞察力。然而，布尔人(荷兰人)的独立精神和葡萄牙大都市缺乏政治意愿和资源，扼杀了阿尔巴西尼的帝国主义梦想。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2083218
C. Saunders
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Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2128274
T. Waetjen
A century ago, the Smuts government legally restricted cannabis as a ‘dangerous drug’ in a 1922 Customs and Excise Act. This year in February, President Ramaphosa declared the African National Congress (ANC) government’s intention to promote a domestic hemp and cannabis ‘sector’, to aid the country’s Coviddepressed economy. How can we make sense of dagga’s official legislative history between these two moments? The question is linked to the peculiarities of South Africa’s colonial and apartheid pasts. Yet, to account for continuities of policy into the democratic period – as well as of persistent realities of economic injustice related to domestic relations of ‘everyday narco-capitalism’ –we should also consider global, comparative frames of historical reference. In South Africa, dagga has a long history of indigenous uses and meanings, which began to change more dramatically with its simultaneous commodification and legal restriction during processes of industrial development, migrant wage labour and racial segregation. The 1922 cannabis prohibition was largely the triumph of imperial and medical progressives, who had sought earlier
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Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2149847
Brooks Marmon
ABSTRACT This article recovers two resolutions, in 1948 and 1950, respectively, by the all-white parliament in Southern Rhodesia (colonial Zimbabwe) that expressed support for the colony’s independence within the British Commonwealth. The examination of these post-war pushes for sovereignty illuminate how Rhodesia’s political leadership was sensitive to wider changes in the imperial status quo, well before the broader white electorate became similarly seized by colonial withdrawal. The motions highlight the gulf between the metropole and local settler leadership, even when the latter were ostensibly firmly backed by imperial policy and domestic black political opposition was comparatively muted. Additionally, the two parliamentary debates elucidate domestic interparty differences. The article is primarily informed by verbatim transcripts of the pertinent legislative proceedings. The deliberations have largely disappeared from the colony’s historiography – a significant omission given the considerable scholarly interest surrounding Southern Rhodesia’s unilateral declaration of independence from Britain in 1965. This article shows that nearly two decades before that fateful step, changing international factors motivated Rhodesia’s political class to consider major steps that would ensure the maintenance of white dominance.
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Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2086288
Alan Lester
{"title":"Christopher Bethell, Charles Warren and the Colonisation of the Southern Batswana","authors":"Alan Lester","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2022.2086288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2022.2086288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"392 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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