Pub Date : 2013-01-10DOI: 10.15172/pneu.2013.2/242
A. Cripps
Commentary Welcome to pneumonia Volume 2 Cripps, A.W. Starting a new journal is always challenging as new IT systems are put in place. Thank you to all our readers, our reviewers, those who submitted manuscripts and those whose manuscripts were published, for their patience and generosity in thought.
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Pub Date : 2012-11-09DOI: 10.15172/pneu.2012.1/228
J. Telles, N. Richard, Y. Gillet, Susanne Hartwig, Stephane Pouzol, S. Dollet, M. Messaoudi, E. Paredes, C. Ploton, G. Lina, G. Vernet, D. Floret, E. Javouhey, G. Paranhos-Baccalà
Pneumonia is caused by respiratory bacteria and/or viruses. Little is known if co-infections are an aggravating factor in hospitalised children with severe pneumonia. We studied the impact of respiratory pathogens on the severity of pneumonia. Between 2007 and 2009, 52 children hospitalised with a well-documented diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with or without parapneumonic empyema (PPE), were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into 2 groups: CAP + PPE (n = 28) and CAP (n = 24). The identification of respiratory viruses and bacteria in nasopharyngeal aspirates and pleural effusion samples were performed using conventional bacterial techniques and molecular assays. Using real-time multiplex PCR and antigen detection, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main agent identified in 76% of the cases by molecular tests and BinaxNOW® in pleural fluid. A total of 8% of pleural fluid samples remained undiagnosed. In nasopharyngeal aspirates, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, human metapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected in both CAP and CAP + PPE populations; however, the percentage of viral co-detection was significantly higher in nasopharyngeal aspirates from CAP + PPE patients (35%) compared with CAP patients (5%). In conclusion, viral co-detection was observed mainly in patients with more severe pneumonia. Molecular biology assays improved the pathogens detection in pneumonia and confirmed the S. pneumoniae detection by BinaxNOW® in pleural effusion samples. Interestingly, the main S. pneumoniae serotypes found in PPE are not the ones targeted by the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
{"title":"Viral and bacterial pathogens identification in children hospitalised for severe pneumonia and parapneumonic empyema","authors":"J. Telles, N. Richard, Y. Gillet, Susanne Hartwig, Stephane Pouzol, S. Dollet, M. Messaoudi, E. Paredes, C. Ploton, G. Lina, G. Vernet, D. Floret, E. Javouhey, G. Paranhos-Baccalà","doi":"10.15172/pneu.2012.1/228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15172/pneu.2012.1/228","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is caused by respiratory bacteria and/or viruses. Little is known if co-infections are an aggravating factor in hospitalised children with severe pneumonia. We studied the impact of respiratory pathogens on the severity of pneumonia. Between 2007 and 2009, 52 children hospitalised with a well-documented diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with or without parapneumonic empyema (PPE), were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into 2 groups: CAP + PPE (n = 28) and CAP (n = 24). The identification of respiratory viruses and bacteria in nasopharyngeal aspirates and pleural effusion samples were performed using conventional bacterial techniques and molecular assays. Using real-time multiplex PCR and antigen detection, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main agent identified in 76% of the cases by molecular tests and BinaxNOW® in pleural fluid. A total of 8% of pleural fluid samples remained undiagnosed. In nasopharyngeal aspirates, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, human metapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected in both CAP and CAP + PPE populations; however, the percentage of viral co-detection was significantly higher in nasopharyngeal aspirates from CAP + PPE patients (35%) compared with CAP patients (5%). In conclusion, viral co-detection was observed mainly in patients with more severe pneumonia. Molecular biology assays improved the pathogens detection in pneumonia and confirmed the S. pneumoniae detection by BinaxNOW® in pleural effusion samples. Interestingly, the main S. pneumoniae serotypes found in PPE are not the ones targeted by the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.","PeriodicalId":45120,"journal":{"name":"Pneumonia","volume":"1 1","pages":"11 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15172/pneu.2012.1/228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-24DOI: 10.15172/pneu.2012.1/209
Jana Lai, M. Binks, M. Kaestli, A. Leach, H. Smith-Vaughan
Molecular methods offer improvement in the detection of causative pneumonia pathogens, but there are concerns of false positive results. Here we validate quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in: (a) spiked serum samples and (b) in matched serum and nasopharyngeal swabs from a population of Indigenous Australian children without pneumonia, but with a high nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Matched sera and nasopharyngeal swabs were selected from Indigenous children less than 5 years of age without a diagnosis of pneumonia. Specimens were assayed by qPCR targeting the lytA and glpQ genes from S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, respectively. Using qPCR, neither S. pneumoniae nor H. influenzae DNA was detected in serum samples, even after concentration of serum DNA. In matched nasopharyngeal swabs, bacterial load was high with up to 106 cells/ml detected by qPCR. In this cohort of children with a high nasopharyngeal carriage, prevalence and bacterial load of pneumonia pathogens, qPCR on sera would not have produced a false pneumonia diagnosis. Thus, qPCR analysis of sera appears to be an appropriate method to aid aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia in this population.
{"title":"Potential use of serum based quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of pneumonia pathogens in a densely colonised population","authors":"Jana Lai, M. Binks, M. Kaestli, A. Leach, H. Smith-Vaughan","doi":"10.15172/pneu.2012.1/209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15172/pneu.2012.1/209","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular methods offer improvement in the detection of causative pneumonia pathogens, but there are concerns of false positive results. Here we validate quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in: (a) spiked serum samples and (b) in matched serum and nasopharyngeal swabs from a population of Indigenous Australian children without pneumonia, but with a high nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Matched sera and nasopharyngeal swabs were selected from Indigenous children less than 5 years of age without a diagnosis of pneumonia. Specimens were assayed by qPCR targeting the lytA and glpQ genes from S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, respectively. Using qPCR, neither S. pneumoniae nor H. influenzae DNA was detected in serum samples, even after concentration of serum DNA. In matched nasopharyngeal swabs, bacterial load was high with up to 106 cells/ml detected by qPCR. In this cohort of children with a high nasopharyngeal carriage, prevalence and bacterial load of pneumonia pathogens, qPCR on sera would not have produced a false pneumonia diagnosis. Thus, qPCR analysis of sera appears to be an appropriate method to aid aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia in this population.","PeriodicalId":45120,"journal":{"name":"Pneumonia","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2012-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15172/pneu.2012.1/209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-11DOI: 10.15172/pneu.2012.1/208
Hywel T. Evans, N. Mahmood, D. Fullerton, J. Rylance, A. Gonani, S. Gordon, K. Mortimer, T. Allain
Oxygen is a World Health Organisation listed essential drug yet provision of oxygen in developing countries often fails to meet demand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the need for supplementary oxygen against oxygen delivery capacity at a large teaching hospital in Malawi. A cross-sectional study of all adult medical inpatients and assessment of oxygen provision over a 24-hour period was conducted. 144 patients were included in the study, 14 of whom met local and international criteria for oxygen therapy (oxygen saturations of <90%). Four were receiving oxygen. Of the 8 oxygen concentrators available, only 4 were functional. In conclusion, we identified a need for oxygen that was greater than the supply.
{"title":"Oxygen saturations of medical inpatients in a Malawian hospital: cross-sectional study of oxygen supply and demand","authors":"Hywel T. Evans, N. Mahmood, D. Fullerton, J. Rylance, A. Gonani, S. Gordon, K. Mortimer, T. Allain","doi":"10.15172/pneu.2012.1/208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15172/pneu.2012.1/208","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen is a World Health Organisation listed essential drug yet provision of oxygen in developing countries often fails to meet demand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the need for supplementary oxygen against oxygen delivery capacity at a large teaching hospital in Malawi. A cross-sectional study of all adult medical inpatients and assessment of oxygen provision over a 24-hour period was conducted. 144 patients were included in the study, 14 of whom met local and international criteria for oxygen therapy (oxygen saturations of <90%). Four were receiving oxygen. Of the 8 oxygen concentrators available, only 4 were functional. In conclusion, we identified a need for oxygen that was greater than the supply.","PeriodicalId":45120,"journal":{"name":"Pneumonia","volume":"2 1","pages":"3 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15172/pneu.2012.1/208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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