Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.183
F. Castelli, E. Motta
This paper presents a simplified non-linear method to predict the behaviour of a single pile and/or a pile group under vertical loads. The evaluation of the non-linear settlement is based on an incremental procedure taking into account the decrease of the stiffness parameters with increase of the applied load. The solution, derived first for a single pile, was extended to the case of a pile group, introducing an equivalent pier interacting with the surrounding soil by means of hyperbolic load transfer functions. To take into account group action in the soil–pile interaction, the stiffness of the equivalent pier has been modified and linked to that of the single pile, and a simple expression is also proposed. The numerical results obtained by the proposed method were compared with measurements derived from fullscale load tests on single piles and pile groups, and it has been shown that this procedure can be used successfully for prediction of non-linear pile group settlement. As the method can be easily co...
{"title":"Settlement prevision of piles under vertical load","authors":"F. Castelli, E. Motta","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.183","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simplified non-linear method to predict the behaviour of a single pile and/or a pile group under vertical loads. The evaluation of the non-linear settlement is based on an incremental procedure taking into account the decrease of the stiffness parameters with increase of the applied load. The solution, derived first for a single pile, was extended to the case of a pile group, introducing an equivalent pier interacting with the surrounding soil by means of hyperbolic load transfer functions. To take into account group action in the soil–pile interaction, the stiffness of the equivalent pier has been modified and linked to that of the single pile, and a simple expression is also proposed. The numerical results obtained by the proposed method were compared with measurements derived from fullscale load tests on single piles and pile groups, and it has been shown that this procedure can be used successfully for prediction of non-linear pile group settlement. As the method can be easily co...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.156.4.171.37531
J. Perry, M. Pedley, K. Brady, M. Reid
CIRIA Report C550 Infrastructure Embankments: Condition Appraisal and Remedial Treatment was published in 2001 and has proved to be one of CIRIA's most popular documents. Such was the demand for it, CIRIA commissioned the same team to produce a similar report on cuttings to the same format and targeted at the same audience. The cuttings report (CIRIA Report C591) is to be published in the winter of 2003, and an updated version of the embankment report (CIRIA Report C592) is also to be published at the same time, launching both geotechnical asset documents as a companion pair. This briefing note describes the background to the research projects and details their purpose, intended readership and the main aspects of managing geotechnical assets. The reports are intended to present best practice and to raise awareness of these important structures to the operation of an efficient transport network. (A)
{"title":"EMBANKMENT CUTTINGS: CONDITION APPRAISAL AND REMEDIAL TREATMENT","authors":"J. Perry, M. Pedley, K. Brady, M. Reid","doi":"10.1680/GENG.156.4.171.37531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.156.4.171.37531","url":null,"abstract":"CIRIA Report C550 Infrastructure Embankments: Condition Appraisal and Remedial Treatment was published in 2001 and has proved to be one of CIRIA's most popular documents. Such was the demand for it, CIRIA commissioned the same team to produce a similar report on cuttings to the same format and targeted at the same audience. The cuttings report (CIRIA Report C591) is to be published in the winter of 2003, and an updated version of the embankment report (CIRIA Report C592) is also to be published at the same time, launching both geotechnical asset documents as a companion pair. This briefing note describes the background to the research projects and details their purpose, intended readership and the main aspects of managing geotechnical assets. The reports are intended to present best practice and to raise awareness of these important structures to the operation of an efficient transport network. (A)","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.213
M. Long
Sample disturbance effects in the laminated facies at the Bothkennar soft clay research site are examined by comparing the results of laboratory tests on specimens obtained from three fixed piston tube samplers. A significant feature of the results is that the sampling process associated with the conventional piston tube used in the UK and Ireland appears to increase the post-yield stiffness and the CAUC triaxial undrained strength, reduce the preconsolidation stress and the pore pressure coefficient at failure, and induce a strong tendency for dilatant behaviour post-peak when compared with tests on specimens from a sampler with a modified (sharper) cutting edge angle. It is reasoned that these findings are caused by material destructuration during the sampling process with the conventional tubes. Increased densification of these specimens caused both by sampling and during anisotropic consolidation may also contribute to these effects. The results are supported by reference to recent analytical work and...
{"title":"Sampling disturbance effects in soft laminated clays","authors":"M. Long","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.213","url":null,"abstract":"Sample disturbance effects in the laminated facies at the Bothkennar soft clay research site are examined by comparing the results of laboratory tests on specimens obtained from three fixed piston tube samplers. A significant feature of the results is that the sampling process associated with the conventional piston tube used in the UK and Ireland appears to increase the post-yield stiffness and the CAUC triaxial undrained strength, reduce the preconsolidation stress and the pore pressure coefficient at failure, and induce a strong tendency for dilatant behaviour post-peak when compared with tests on specimens from a sampler with a modified (sharper) cutting edge angle. It is reasoned that these findings are caused by material destructuration during the sampling process with the conventional tubes. Increased densification of these specimens caused both by sampling and during anisotropic consolidation may also contribute to these effects. The results are supported by reference to recent analytical work and...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.4.213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.156.3.159.37301
J. Atkinson
{"title":"What is the matter with geotechnical engineering","authors":"J. Atkinson","doi":"10.1680/GENG.156.3.159.37301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.156.3.159.37301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.147
A. Pickles, S. W. Lee, B. A. W. Norcliffe
The Tsuen Wan West Station of Kowloon Canton Railway Corporation was constructed on both previously and recently reclaimed land. The project comprised approximately 600 m of cut-and-cover approach tunnels and a 400 m long station structure constructed in a 20 m deep excavation. Extensive instrumentation monitoring was carried out to monitor groundwater levels, ground movements and displacement of adjacent structures during the course of construction. This paper presents background information on the construction site and the monitoring results. It was found that the groundwater regime on the seaward side was strongly influenced by tidal movements throughout the monitoring period, whereas the landward groundwater regime showed a diminished tidal influence soon after construction of the diaphragm wall. Rock grouting carried out beneath the diaphragm wall was effective in mitigating drawdown of piezometric level outside the wall. The magnitude of the drawdown was found to be a function of diaphragm wall dept...
{"title":"Groundwater and ground movement around deep excavation","authors":"A. Pickles, S. W. Lee, B. A. W. Norcliffe","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.147","url":null,"abstract":"The Tsuen Wan West Station of Kowloon Canton Railway Corporation was constructed on both previously and recently reclaimed land. The project comprised approximately 600 m of cut-and-cover approach tunnels and a 400 m long station structure constructed in a 20 m deep excavation. Extensive instrumentation monitoring was carried out to monitor groundwater levels, ground movements and displacement of adjacent structures during the course of construction. This paper presents background information on the construction site and the monitoring results. It was found that the groundwater regime on the seaward side was strongly influenced by tidal movements throughout the monitoring period, whereas the landward groundwater regime showed a diminished tidal influence soon after construction of the diaphragm wall. Rock grouting carried out beneath the diaphragm wall was effective in mitigating drawdown of piezometric level outside the wall. The magnitude of the drawdown was found to be a function of diaphragm wall dept...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.125
T. Barley, D. Mothersille, R. Weerasinghe
An anchorage test programme carried out on the site of a deep basement construction in Norwich, UK, allowed the determination of anchorage capacities and creep characteristic data, and the exhumati...
在英国诺里奇的一个深地下室施工现场进行了锚固试验，确定了锚固能力和蠕变特性数据，并对其进行了挖掘。
{"title":"Chalk anchorages: exhumation load transfer mechanism and design guidelines","authors":"T. Barley, D. Mothersille, R. Weerasinghe","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.125","url":null,"abstract":"An anchorage test programme carried out on the site of a deep basement construction in Norwich, UK, allowed the determination of anchorage capacities and creep characteristic data, and the exhumati...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.139
Sudhakar M. Rao, T. Thyagaraj
Lime slurry and lime pile techniques are viable choices for in-situ stabilisation of expansive soil deposits. This paper reports the results of a laboratory study on in-situ chemical stabilisation of an expansive soil that permeated lime slurry through an artificially desiccated expansive soil specimen. The soil was desiccated in the laboratory to induce shrinkage cracks in the compacted expansive soil. The shrinkage cracks greatly assisted migration of lime slurry in the expansive soil mass. The efficiency of lime slurry in chemically stabilising the desiccated expansive soil was investigated by comparing the physico-chemical properties and engineering properties of the treated soil with those of the natural soil specimen at two radial distances. Experimental results indicated that migration of lime slurry through the desiccated soil promoted strong lime modification and pozzolanic reactions in the soil mass. The strong soil–lime reactions rendered the soil less plastic, reduced the swell magnitude, and ...
{"title":"Lime slurry stabilisation of an expansive soil","authors":"Sudhakar M. Rao, T. Thyagaraj","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"Lime slurry and lime pile techniques are viable choices for in-situ stabilisation of expansive soil deposits. This paper reports the results of a laboratory study on in-situ chemical stabilisation of an expansive soil that permeated lime slurry through an artificially desiccated expansive soil specimen. The soil was desiccated in the laboratory to induce shrinkage cracks in the compacted expansive soil. The shrinkage cracks greatly assisted migration of lime slurry in the expansive soil mass. The efficiency of lime slurry in chemically stabilising the desiccated expansive soil was investigated by comparing the physico-chemical properties and engineering properties of the treated soil with those of the natural soil specimen at two radial distances. Experimental results indicated that migration of lime slurry through the desiccated soil promoted strong lime modification and pozzolanic reactions in the soil mass. The strong soil–lime reactions rendered the soil less plastic, reduced the swell magnitude, and ...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.3.139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.97
V. Georgiannou
Tunnel S2 of the Egnatia Motorway is excavated through heavily fractured limestone and sheared sediments. Originally a fold and thrust belt was formed in the Alpine orogenic phase. Post-orogenic tectonics resulted in heavy fragmentation. The underlying material consists of clays and clayey sandy gravels. The basement of the clastic formation consists of evaporites. This variety of geological conditions resulted in considerable variability of tunnelling conditions and the need for extensive primary support measures. Owing to the mixed and rapidly changing geological conditions the type and intensity of primary support measures were selected according to geomechanical conditions at the crown. Slope stability problems were encountered during the excavation of the entrance portal, and because of the associated risk an additional study has been carried out to determine appropriate soil parameters for the excavation works through such a medium. Oedometer tests and direct shear tests were carried out to investig...
{"title":"Tunnelling through varying soil conditions in north-west Greece","authors":"V. Georgiannou","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnel S2 of the Egnatia Motorway is excavated through heavily fractured limestone and sheared sediments. Originally a fold and thrust belt was formed in the Alpine orogenic phase. Post-orogenic tectonics resulted in heavy fragmentation. The underlying material consists of clays and clayey sandy gravels. The basement of the clastic formation consists of evaporites. This variety of geological conditions resulted in considerable variability of tunnelling conditions and the need for extensive primary support measures. Owing to the mixed and rapidly changing geological conditions the type and intensity of primary support measures were selected according to geomechanical conditions at the crown. Slope stability problems were encountered during the excavation of the entrance portal, and because of the associated risk an additional study has been carried out to determine appropriate soil parameters for the excavation works through such a medium. Oedometer tests and direct shear tests were carried out to investig...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.105
N. Al-Shayea, S. Abduljauwad, R. Bashir, H. N. Al-Ghamedy, I. Asi
Analysis of some geotechnical problems using finite-element methods requires the implementation of a nonlinear model for soil materials, to better represent their actual behaviour. Constitutive modelling of soil mass behaviour and material interfaces is an essential component of the solution of boundary and initial value problems. The hyperbolic model is one of the most frequently used non-linear models for predicting the behaviour of soils in boundary value problems. The parameters of this model for specific soils need to be determined experimentally. This paper presents the results of extensive laboratory testing carried out on three soils from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: sand, marl and sabkha. The tests used to obtain these results were the triaxial compression test, the hydrostatic (isotropic compression) test, and the direct shear test. Additionally, other tests were used to obtain various physical properties needed for the complete characterisation of these soils. Parameters of the hyperbo...
{"title":"Determination of parameters for a hyperbolic model of soils","authors":"N. Al-Shayea, S. Abduljauwad, R. Bashir, H. N. Al-Ghamedy, I. Asi","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of some geotechnical problems using finite-element methods requires the implementation of a nonlinear model for soil materials, to better represent their actual behaviour. Constitutive modelling of soil mass behaviour and material interfaces is an essential component of the solution of boundary and initial value problems. The hyperbolic model is one of the most frequently used non-linear models for predicting the behaviour of soils in boundary value problems. The parameters of this model for specific soils need to be determined experimentally. This paper presents the results of extensive laboratory testing carried out on three soils from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: sand, marl and sabkha. The tests used to obtain these results were the triaxial compression test, the hydrostatic (isotropic compression) test, and the direct shear test. Additionally, other tests were used to obtain various physical properties needed for the complete characterisation of these soils. Parameters of the hyperbo...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.75
N. Thusyanthan, S. Madabhushi
Vibrations produced on the ground surface by engineering construction processes can damage underground structures. At present there is little knowledge of the level of surface vibrations that could cause such damage. The relevant British Standards, BS 5228 and BS 7385, have little relevance to underground structures. This paper presents experimental investigations on small model tunnels that were instrumented with miniature accelerometers. Impulsive and vibratory loadings were produced on the soil surface by a drop hammer mechanism and an electric eccentricmass motor respectively to simulate dynamic loading from construction activity. It was found that tunnels with different lining materials absorb different amounts of vibration energy. Power spectrum analysis of the acceleration signals showed that the vibrations are transferred into a brass model tunnel at lower frequencies than for a plastic model tunnel. A relationship has been proposed for the ratio of energy transferred and the ratio of impedance mi...
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF VIBRATIONS IN UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES","authors":"N. Thusyanthan, S. Madabhushi","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrations produced on the ground surface by engineering construction processes can damage underground structures. At present there is little knowledge of the level of surface vibrations that could cause such damage. The relevant British Standards, BS 5228 and BS 7385, have little relevance to underground structures. This paper presents experimental investigations on small model tunnels that were instrumented with miniature accelerometers. Impulsive and vibratory loadings were produced on the soil surface by a drop hammer mechanism and an electric eccentricmass motor respectively to simulate dynamic loading from construction activity. It was found that tunnels with different lining materials absorb different amounts of vibration energy. Power spectrum analysis of the acceleration signals showed that the vibrations are transferred into a brass model tunnel at lower frequencies than for a plastic model tunnel. A relationship has been proposed for the ratio of energy transferred and the ratio of impedance mi...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2003.156.2.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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