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Yielding mechanisms in a rectangular trench 矩形沟槽的屈服机制
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.3.169
G. Lei
In geotechnical engineering, stability of the openings formed by excavation is of much concern in controlling the design feasibility and construction workability of underground structures. Analysis of the stability of the excavated openings and the corresponding measures against instability inevitably necessitate a good understanding of the yielding and failure mechanisms of the openings. This paper proposes a mechanism of potential yielding across an excavated rectangular diaphragm wall panel trench. By using an elastic analytical solution to the problem of horizontal stress changes and displacements induced during the installation of a rectangular diaphragm wall panel, two extreme cases (panel trenches with dimensions 1 m × 1 m and 6 m × 1 m) have been analysed to investigate the distribution of the principal stress change of the soils around the trenches due to excavation. It has been found that, when the elastic limit is reached, soils with different consolidation histories will exhibit different yiel...
在岩土工程中,开挖形成的孔洞的稳定性是控制地下结构设计可行性和施工可行性的重要因素。分析开挖孔洞的稳定性及相应的抗失稳措施,必然需要对孔洞的屈服和破坏机制有较好的认识。本文提出了开挖的矩形连续墙板沟槽的潜在屈服机理。采用矩形连续墙板安装过程中引起的水平应力变化和位移问题的弹性解析解,分析了两种极端情况(1 m × 1 m和6 m × 1 m的板沟),探讨了开挖引起的槽周围土体主应力变化的分布。研究发现,当达到弹性极限时,不同固结历史的土表现出不同的屈服特性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of trenchless technologies on existing iron pipelines 非开挖技术对既有铁管道的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.3.159
A. Hunter
Impact moles and directional drilling units form tunnels of up to approximately 300 mm in diameter at a depth of 1–2 m. They are typically used for the installation of electricity cables or small-diameter pipelines. This type of tunnelling differs from conventional tunnelling owing to the lack of soil excavation. The tunnel is formed by dynamically expelling soil outwards in a predominantly radial direction. This creates a stress and displacement field that has the potential to damage existing services and buildings. To reduce the risk of damage to existing structures installation guidelines detailing acceptable proximity distances need to be provided. This paper details a methodology that has been used to calculate acceptable proximity distances to existing grey iron pipelines that have a transverse geometric configuration to the new pipeline. The study utilises finite difference techniques in conjunction with analytical cavity expansion solutions to determine the stress–strain field induced by tunnellin...
冲击钻和定向钻单元在1-2米的深度下形成直径约为300毫米的隧道。它们通常用于安装电缆或小直径管道。这种类型的隧道施工不同于传统的隧道施工,因为它不需要开挖土壤。隧道是通过向外以径向为主的动力排土而形成的。这就产生了一个应力和位移场,有可能破坏现有的设施和建筑物。为了减少对现有结构的破坏,需要提供详细说明可接受的接近距离的安装指南。本文详细介绍了一种方法,该方法已用于计算具有横向几何结构的现有灰铁管道与新管道的可接受接近距离。该研究利用有限差分技术结合解析腔膨胀解来确定隧道开挖引起的应力-应变场。
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引用次数: 11
Quantifying the relative strengths of railway ballasts 量化铁路镇流器的相对强度
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.2.107
W. Lim, G. McDowell, A. Collop
It is important to be able to distinguish easily between ballasts of poor quality and good quality in terms of strength. For a range of uniformly graded granular materials compacted to the same relative density, there will be two important factors influencing the strength of the aggregate: particle strength and voids ratio (which will be a function of particle shape). Large oedometer tests have been performed in addition to box tests and single particle crushing tests and a new parameter, called the relative strength index, is defined to incorporate the effects of both particle strength and voids ratio. It is found that the relative strength index correlates well with the amount of degradation of ballast in both the large oedometer tests and the box tests, and therefore shows promise as a suitable method for comparing ballast types without having to apply thousands of cycles of load on each ballast.
在强度方面,能够很容易地区分质量差和质量好的镇流器是很重要的。对于一系列均匀级配的颗粒材料,压实到相同的相对密度,将有两个重要因素影响集料的强度:颗粒强度和空隙率(这将是颗粒形状的函数)。除了箱形试验和单颗粒破碎试验外,还进行了大型磨损计试验,并定义了一个新的参数,称为相对强度指数,以综合颗粒强度和空隙比的影响。结果表明,相对强度指标在大型电表试验和箱形试验中都与镇流器的劣化量有很好的相关性,因此有望作为一种比较镇流器类型的合适方法,而无需在每个镇流器上施加数千次循环载荷。
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引用次数: 14
Back-analysis of laterally loaded bored piles 横向荷载钻孔灌注桩的反分析
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.2.63
Dora C.N. Nip, C. Ng
Field lateral load tests were conducted on two single 1·5 m diameter large bored piles in Hong Kong. The test piles are embedded in superficial deposits and weathered rocks with various degrees of decomposition. In this paper, the pile load test results are interpreted and reported. A simple and rational method of back-analysis for long piles, using inclinometer data and assuming a fourth-order polynomial to represent the shape of soil reaction profile, is introduced. The method, requiring only simple spreadsheet-type operations, makes it possible to incorporate non-linear concrete behaviour in the back-analysis, and to deduce the p–y curves for future design of piles in similar ground conditions. In order to verify the rational method, an analysis is carried out using the back-analysed p–y curves, and the predictions are found to agree well with the measured pile head deflections. This proposed method demonstrates how p–y curves are back-analysed rationally for long piles embedded in complex ground condi...
在香港对两根直径1.5 m的大型钻孔单桩进行了现场横向荷载试验。试桩埋设于不同程度分解的浅层沉积物和风化岩中。本文对桩载试验结果进行了解释和报道。介绍了一种简单合理的长桩反分析方法,即利用测斜仪数据,用四阶多项式表示土反力剖面的形状。该方法只需要简单的电子表格类型的操作,使得在反分析中纳入非线性混凝土行为成为可能,并为类似地面条件下的桩的未来设计推导出p-y曲线。为了验证该方法的合理性,利用反分析的p-y曲线进行了分析,发现预测结果与实测桩头挠度吻合较好。本文提出的方法论证了在复杂地基条件下对长桩进行p-y曲线合理反分析的方法。
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引用次数: 20
Predicting ground displacements caused by pipe-splitting 预测管道劈裂引起的地面位移
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.158.2.95.61626
D. Chapman, C. Rogers, Pcf Ng
Pipe splitting is used for the on-line replacement of pipelines made from ductile materials, for example ductile iron and steel. It is a relatively new technique, and so there is limited knowledge ...
管道劈裂用于在线更换由球墨铸铁和球墨钢等球墨材料制成的管道。这是一种相对较新的技术,所以知识有限。
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引用次数: 1
The first 30 years of Lefkara Dam Lefkara大坝的前30年
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.2.113
K. Kyrou, A. Penman, C. Artemis
The 74 m high Lefkara embankment dam was built in the early 1970s for the Republic of Cyprus Water Development Department in order to supply domestic water to the cities of Famagusta and Larnaca. I...
74米高的Lefkara堤岸大坝建于20世纪70年代初,为塞浦路斯共和国水资源发展部建造,目的是向法马古斯塔和拉纳卡市提供生活用水。我…
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引用次数: 7
Design procedures for installation of suction caissons in clay and other materials 在粘土和其他材料中安装吸力沉箱的设计程序
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.2.75
G. Houlsby, B. Byrne
Suction-installed skirted foundations, often referred to as suction caissons, are increasingly being used for a variety of offshore applications. In designing a caisson a geotechnical engineer must consider the installation process as well as the in-place performance. The purpose of this paper is to present calculation procedures for the installation of a caisson in clay. For clay sites, the caisson will often be used as an anchor, with the ratio of the skirt length (L) to the diameter (D) as high as 5. Calculation methods are presented for determining the resistance to penetration of open-ended cylindrical caisson foundations with and without the application of suction inside the caisson. Comparisons between predictions and case records are made. A companion paper describes the calculation procedure for installation in sand soils. Finally, comments are made here about installation in a variety of soils other than homogeneous deposits of clay or sand.
吸式安装的裙边基础,通常被称为吸式沉箱,越来越多地用于各种海上应用。在设计沉箱时,岩土工程师必须考虑安装过程以及现场性能。本文的目的是介绍在粘土中安装沉箱的计算方法。对于粘土场地,通常使用沉箱作为锚,裙长(L)与直径(D)之比高达5。提出了在沉箱内施加吸力和不施加吸力的情况下,确定开放式圆柱沉箱基础抗侵穿能力的计算方法。在预测和病例记录之间进行比较。另一篇论文描述了在砂土中安装的计算过程。最后,在这里对安装在各种土壤中的评论,而不是均匀的粘土或沙子沉积物。
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引用次数: 112
Numerical modelling of groundwater pumping processes 地下水抽水过程的数值模拟
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.2.83
M. Mavroulidou, M. Gunn, R. Woods
Engineers need versatile tools in order to design successful dewatering schemes to counteract the effects of changing groundwater levels in cities. In the present paper, a finite-element program is used to perform pumping analyses, involving moving phreatic surfaces and possible desaturation of materials. First, a problem of local dewatering from a line of wells is analysed, involving desaturation of the soil. The results from an analytical solution as well as those of the numerical model are compared with field data. It is shown that the numerical results, accounting for soil desaturation, are closer to field measurements. Second, the ability of the finite-element program to model falling and subsequently rising groundwater levels in cities due to variable water abstraction (as in the case of London) is assessed. The techniques show promise and are sufficiently flexible to be applied to other geologies and boundary conditions.
工程师需要多用途的工具来设计成功的降水方案,以抵消城市地下水位变化的影响。在本文中,使用有限元程序进行泵送分析,包括移动的潜水表面和可能的材料去饱和。首先,分析了一系列井的局部脱水问题,涉及土壤的去饱和。并将解析解和数值模型的计算结果与现场数据进行了比较。计算结果表明,考虑土壤饱和的数值计算结果更接近于现场实测结果。其次,评估了有限元程序模拟城市中由于不同的取水(如伦敦的情况)而导致的地下水水位下降和随后上升的能力。该技术显示出前景,并且具有足够的灵活性,可以应用于其他地质和边界条件。
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引用次数: 0
Pile-settlement evaluation using field stiffness non-linearity 基于场刚度非线性的桩沉降评价
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.1.35
R. Berardi, R. Bovolenta
Understanding the principal features of soil stiffness has been one of the major achievements of geotechnical engineering over the past 30 years. The study of modulus degradation is now one of the main research areas. Understanding non-linearity is essential in foundation design for accurate and reliable evaluation of ground movements. This paper looks at the problem of assessing of deep foundation settlements and describes two approaches developed to enable designers to take soil–foundation non-linear behaviour into account. The first provides in-field stiffness parameters evaluated by back-analysis of full-scale piles. The second involves deducting the behaviour of the soil interacting with a foundation from degradation curves characterising the soil stiffness.
了解土壤刚度的主要特征是岩土工程在过去30年中取得的主要成就之一。模量退化是目前研究的主要领域之一。了解非线性是基础设计中准确可靠地评估地面运动的必要条件。本文着眼于深地基沉降的评估问题,并描述了两种开发的方法,使设计人员能够考虑地基的非线性行为。第一种方法提供了通过全尺寸桩的反分析评估的现场刚度参数。第二个涉及从表征土壤刚度的退化曲线中推断土壤与基础相互作用的行为。
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引用次数: 13
Evaluating permissible subgrade rut depth in pavement design 路面设计中允许路基车辙深度的评定
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2005.158.1.45
K. Hau, G. McDowell
In the design of a pavement, the permissible rut depth and permissible resilient vertical strain at the top of the subgrade at the end of the construction stage (i.e. before the placing of the bituminous layer) are used to select the appropriate thickness of granular material. However, usually the only available data for the subgrade is the resilient modulus, which is estimated from the California Bearing Ratio. This paper examines the application of a new three-surface kinematic hardening model for the subgrade in a finite-element analysis to evaluate the rut depth and resilient vertical strain at the top of the subgrade at the end of the construction stage. The resilient modulus for the subgrade is determined by examining the stress changes at different depths in the subgrade, for different thicknesses of granular material, and applying such stress changes to simulated triaxial samples for 50 cycles to compute the resilient modulus at different depths for input to a layered elastic analysis, in order to...
在路面设计中,根据施工阶段结束时(即铺设沥青层之前)路基顶部的允许车辙深度和允许弹性垂直应变来选择合适的颗粒材料厚度。然而,通常唯一可用的路基数据是弹性模量,这是根据加州承载比估计的。本文研究了一种新的路基三面运动硬化模型在有限元分析中的应用,以评估施工阶段结束时路基顶部的车辙深度和弹性垂直应变。路基的弹性模量是通过检查路基不同深度、不同厚度的颗粒材料的应力变化,并将这种应力变化应用于模拟三轴样品50个循环来计算不同深度的弹性模量,以输入分层弹性分析,从而确定路基的弹性模量。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Geotechnical Engineering
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