{"title":"Editorial","authors":"A. Knapp, J. Cherry, P. Dommelen","doi":"10.1558/jma.40577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.40577","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mediterranean Africa forms a crucial junction between the wider Saharan zone and the rest of the Mediterranean.In contrast to its well-investigated history from the first millennium BC onward, its antecedentdynamics are very poorly understood, and deeper archaeological histories of the Mediterranean thereforeremain unbalanced and incomplete. This paper draws on a new surge in data to present the first up-todateinterpretative synthesis of this region's archaeology from the start of the Holocene until the threshold ofthe Iron Age (9600-1000 bc). It presents the evidence for climatic, environmental and sea-level change,followed by analysis of the chronological and spatial patterning of all radiocarbon dates from MediterraneanAfrica, brought together for the first time. The principal exploration then divides into three phases.During Phase 1 (9600-6200 bc) diverse forms of hunting, gathering and foraging were ubiquitous.Phase 2 (6200-4000 bc) witnessed more continuity than elsewhere in the Mediterranean, but also thewidespread uptake of domesticated livestock and gradual evolution of herding societies, as well as limitedenclaves of farming. Phase 3 (4000-1000 bc) has been least explored, outside developments in Egypt; inthe east this phase witnessed the emergence of fully nomadic and transhumant pastoralism, with politicalsuperstructures, while trajectories in the west remain obscure, but in parts of the Maghreb suggest complexpossibilities. Contacts with the Mediterranean maritime world grew during the third and second millenniabc, while interaction to the south was transformed by desertification. Understanding how the southernMediterranean shore was drawn into Iron Age networks will require much better knowledge of its indigenoussocieties. The present constitutes a pivotal moment, in terms of accumulated knowledge, pathways forfuture investigation and engagement with a challenging current geopolitical situation.
{"title":"Dynamics of Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600–1000 bc","authors":"C. Broodbank, G. Lucarini","doi":"10.1558/jma.40581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.40581","url":null,"abstract":"Mediterranean Africa forms a crucial junction between the wider Saharan zone and the rest of the Mediterranean.In contrast to its well-investigated history from the first millennium BC onward, its antecedentdynamics are very poorly understood, and deeper archaeological histories of the Mediterranean thereforeremain unbalanced and incomplete. This paper draws on a new surge in data to present the first up-todateinterpretative synthesis of this region's archaeology from the start of the Holocene until the threshold ofthe Iron Age (9600-1000 bc). It presents the evidence for climatic, environmental and sea-level change,followed by analysis of the chronological and spatial patterning of all radiocarbon dates from MediterraneanAfrica, brought together for the first time. The principal exploration then divides into three phases.During Phase 1 (9600-6200 bc) diverse forms of hunting, gathering and foraging were ubiquitous.Phase 2 (6200-4000 bc) witnessed more continuity than elsewhere in the Mediterranean, but also thewidespread uptake of domesticated livestock and gradual evolution of herding societies, as well as limitedenclaves of farming. Phase 3 (4000-1000 bc) has been least explored, outside developments in Egypt; inthe east this phase witnessed the emergence of fully nomadic and transhumant pastoralism, with politicalsuperstructures, while trajectories in the west remain obscure, but in parts of the Maghreb suggest complexpossibilities. Contacts with the Mediterranean maritime world grew during the third and second millenniabc, while interaction to the south was transformed by desertification. Understanding how the southernMediterranean shore was drawn into Iron Age networks will require much better knowledge of its indigenoussocieties. The present constitutes a pivotal moment, in terms of accumulated knowledge, pathways forfuture investigation and engagement with a challenging current geopolitical situation.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67554842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sicilian Channel between Sicily and North Africa receives global attention as a major migratory routefor undocumented people entering Europe clandestinely, a tragic nexus of transnational displacement anddesperation. While the plight of massively overloaded and unseaworthy boats of people justifiably receivesthe bulk of media attention, there is a less-observed movement that occurs and has occurred for thousandsof years: small boats expertly transporting handfuls of people back and forth across the Channel betweenTunisia and western Sicily. This study explores the material vestiges of cross-channel migrations throughassemblages identified during fieldwork by the Arizona Sicily Project along the southwest coast of Sicily inthe summers of 2018 and 2019. While the exigencies of maritime crossing require distinct technologies ofmobility, certain elements of migrant material culture are analogous to that found elsewhere, e.g. along theUS-Mexico border zone of Arizona's Sonoran Desert. Such elements include migrants' strategic triangulationof speed, invisibility and survival in deciding what to bring and the tactical triage of gear en route.Moreover, the political and economic injustices that are catalysts for the movements are comparable, as is thecriminalization of the migrants, which has done more to endanger than dissuade them. This article shedsnew light on migrant choices and challenges and contributes to the archaeology of contemporary migration.
{"title":"Archaeology of Contemporary Migrant Journeys in Western Sicily","authors":"E. Blake, R. Schon","doi":"10.1558/jma.40579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.40579","url":null,"abstract":"The Sicilian Channel between Sicily and North Africa receives global attention as a major migratory routefor undocumented people entering Europe clandestinely, a tragic nexus of transnational displacement anddesperation. While the plight of massively overloaded and unseaworthy boats of people justifiably receivesthe bulk of media attention, there is a less-observed movement that occurs and has occurred for thousandsof years: small boats expertly transporting handfuls of people back and forth across the Channel betweenTunisia and western Sicily. This study explores the material vestiges of cross-channel migrations throughassemblages identified during fieldwork by the Arizona Sicily Project along the southwest coast of Sicily inthe summers of 2018 and 2019. While the exigencies of maritime crossing require distinct technologies ofmobility, certain elements of migrant material culture are analogous to that found elsewhere, e.g. along theUS-Mexico border zone of Arizona's Sonoran Desert. Such elements include migrants' strategic triangulationof speed, invisibility and survival in deciding what to bring and the tactical triage of gear en route.Moreover, the political and economic injustices that are catalysts for the movements are comparable, as is thecriminalization of the migrants, which has done more to endanger than dissuade them. This article shedsnew light on migrant choices and challenges and contributes to the archaeology of contemporary migration.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"32 1","pages":"173-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44492441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Storage pits are one of the most common archaeological features of an area that comprises the Catalancoastal region and western Languedoc. Although some of these pits are found in the region from as earlyas the Neolithic period, it is not until the late Iron Age-early Roman period (ca. 225-50 bc) that theybecome pervasive in the archaeological record, and as such the prevailing tendency is to take these foodreserves as an indicator of increased social complexity, as evidence of the ability of the peasantry to producesurplus and as marking the completion of a diachronic process of sedentarisation, all three of which are traditionallylinked more generally to the practice of storage. Consequently, for the most part, this explanationgives a pivotal role to storage, but fails to address storage as an economic process in itself. With these scholarlymisconceptions in mind, I adopt a cross-cultural perspective in order to reconsider the role of storageas a crucial form of evidence for understanding economic structures, localised responses and the landscape.In connection with this, I suggest that the storage pits' function-to protect production from human (e.g.thieving) and natural threats-is an aspect of fundamental importance for any attempt to explain socialand cultural changes in Iberia from the beginning of Roman colonisation.
{"title":"Food Storage among the Iberians of the Late Iron Age Northwest Mediterranean (ca. 225–50 bc)","authors":"M. González-Vázquez","doi":"10.1558/jma.40578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.40578","url":null,"abstract":"Storage pits are one of the most common archaeological features of an area that comprises the Catalancoastal region and western Languedoc. Although some of these pits are found in the region from as earlyas the Neolithic period, it is not until the late Iron Age-early Roman period (ca. 225-50 bc) that theybecome pervasive in the archaeological record, and as such the prevailing tendency is to take these foodreserves as an indicator of increased social complexity, as evidence of the ability of the peasantry to producesurplus and as marking the completion of a diachronic process of sedentarisation, all three of which are traditionallylinked more generally to the practice of storage. Consequently, for the most part, this explanationgives a pivotal role to storage, but fails to address storage as an economic process in itself. With these scholarlymisconceptions in mind, I adopt a cross-cultural perspective in order to reconsider the role of storageas a crucial form of evidence for understanding economic structures, localised responses and the landscape.In connection with this, I suggest that the storage pits' function-to protect production from human (e.g.thieving) and natural threats-is an aspect of fundamental importance for any attempt to explain socialand cultural changes in Iberia from the beginning of Roman colonisation.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"32 1","pages":"149-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44948194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is often seen in chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) patients with normalized resting hemodynamics, but it is difficult to differentiate precapillary PH as pulmonary vascular dysfunction and post-capillary PH from occult-left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). The aim of this study was to examine whether the exercise-induced elevation of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) can be predicted by the echocardiographic index at rest.
Methods and results: A total of 71 CTEPH patients (67±11 years old, male/female=15/56) treated by pulmonary angioplasty with near-normal pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and normal PAWP at rest underwent symptom-limited exercise test using supine cycle ergometer with right heart catheterization. Exercise-induced elevation in PAWP of >20 mmHg during exercise was defined as occult-LVD. Resting echocardiography was performed within 3 months. In the occult-LVD (n=28), PAWP at rest after leg raising for exercise (14±4 vs. 11±3 mmHg, P<0.001), and mean PAP during exercise were higher compared with the non-LVD (n=43). Peak oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance at peak exercise did not differ between groups. Left atrial volume index (LAVi) in the occult-LVD was significantly larger (39.7±8.1 vs. 34.4±9.6 mL/m2, P=0.017). LAVi correlated with exercise PAWP (r=0.356, P=0.002), but not resting PAWP (r=0.161, P=0.179).
Conclusions: Larger left atrial volume may reflect the exercise-induced PAWP elevation as occult-LVD in CTEPH patients.
{"title":"Etiology of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Can Be Differentiated by Echocardiography - Insight From Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism With Normal Resting Hemodynamics by Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty.","authors":"Ayumi Goda, Kaori Takeuchi, Hanako Kikuchi, Mayumi Finger, Takumi Inami, Konomi Sakata, Kyoko Soejima, Toru Satoh","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0489","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is often seen in chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) patients with normalized resting hemodynamics, but it is difficult to differentiate precapillary PH as pulmonary vascular dysfunction and post-capillary PH from occult-left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). The aim of this study was to examine whether the exercise-induced elevation of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) can be predicted by the echocardiographic index at rest.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A total of 71 CTEPH patients (67±11 years old, male/female=15/56) treated by pulmonary angioplasty with near-normal pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and normal PAWP at rest underwent symptom-limited exercise test using supine cycle ergometer with right heart catheterization. Exercise-induced elevation in PAWP of >20 mmHg during exercise was defined as occult-LVD. Resting echocardiography was performed within 3 months. In the occult-LVD (n=28), PAWP at rest after leg raising for exercise (14±4 vs. 11±3 mmHg, P<0.001), and mean PAP during exercise were higher compared with the non-LVD (n=43). Peak oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance at peak exercise did not differ between groups. Left atrial volume index (LAVi) in the occult-LVD was significantly larger (39.7±8.1 vs. 34.4±9.6 mL/m<sup>2</sup>, P=0.017). LAVi correlated with exercise PAWP (r=0.356, P=0.002), but not resting PAWP (r=0.161, P=0.179).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Larger left atrial volume may reflect the exercise-induced PAWP elevation as occult-LVD in CTEPH patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"21 1","pages":"2527-2536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89676556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Brocato, D. Diffendale, Desirè Di Giuliomaria, M. Gaeta, F. Marra, N. Terrenato
This study reports on the discovery that the podium of the archaic temple in the Forum Boarium of Rome was built with a previously unknown tuff, of non-local origin. On the basis of detailed comparative petrographic and geochemical tests, it has been established that the blocks employed to build the earliest temple so far discovered in Rome belonged to a distinctive facies of tufo lionato that had never been characterized before, in contrast to what was reported by previous excavators. The blocks must have come from a quarry in the Anio River Valley, several kilometers from the construction site, making the Sant'Omobono temple the earliest known Roman building that extensively employed imported materials. The metrology of the blocks is also unique. This particular volcanic stone was probably chosen for its much greater resistance to weathering compared to the local tuffs, a trait that was essential in the flood-prone location, not far from the Tiber riverbank, where the temple was situated. The labor-intensive sourcing may also explain the dainty size of the temple podium in comparison to other sixth-century bc temples in the region. The choice made by the builders indicates far greater sophistication and technical awareness than they have generally been credited with. The new discovery is placed in the context of the quickly accumulating archaeological record of sixth-century bc Rome, which suggests a dramatic increase in the number and scale of monumental projects in the expanding city.
{"title":"Previously Unidentified Tuff in the Archaic Temple Podium at Sant'Omobono, Rome and its Broader Implications","authors":"P. Brocato, D. Diffendale, Desirè Di Giuliomaria, M. Gaeta, F. Marra, N. Terrenato","doi":"10.1558/JMA.39330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.39330","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on the discovery that the podium of the archaic temple in the Forum Boarium of Rome was built with a previously unknown tuff, of non-local origin. On the basis of detailed comparative petrographic and geochemical tests, it has been established that the blocks employed to build the earliest temple so far discovered in Rome belonged to a distinctive facies of tufo lionato that had never been characterized before, in contrast to what was reported by previous excavators. The blocks must have come from a quarry in the Anio River Valley, several kilometers from the construction site, making the Sant'Omobono temple the earliest known Roman building that extensively employed imported materials. The metrology of the blocks is also unique. This particular volcanic stone was probably chosen for its much greater resistance to weathering compared to the local tuffs, a trait that was essential in the flood-prone location, not far from the Tiber riverbank, where the temple was situated. The labor-intensive sourcing may also explain the dainty size of the temple podium in comparison to other sixth-century bc temples in the region. The choice made by the builders indicates far greater sophistication and technical awareness than they have generally been credited with. The new discovery is placed in the context of the quickly accumulating archaeological record of sixth-century bc Rome, which suggests a dramatic increase in the number and scale of monumental projects in the expanding city.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48024176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the Late Helladic (LH) burial structures and related sacred areas of the southern Ionian Islands and considers how they served as diachronic markers of social space and active agents within the processes of individual and collective identity formation and negotiation. More specifically, it explores a series of examples depicting instances of manipulating memory and the past. I argue that Mycenaean burial monuments played an important part in the configuration of ideological narratives and the construction of traditions aimed either to affirm or to legitimise social status and socio-political hierarchies. Development of tomb and hero cults as interrelated phenomena with strategies of past manipulation are also discussed in detail. The chronological framework covers a broad period between the early LH and the Geometric period, and focuses on the island of Kefalonia, which includes the richest dataset.
{"title":"Constructing ‘Traditions’","authors":"Ioannis Voskos","doi":"10.1558/JMA.39329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.39329","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the Late Helladic (LH) burial structures and related sacred areas of the southern Ionian Islands and considers how they served as diachronic markers of social space and active agents within the processes of individual and collective identity formation and negotiation. More specifically, it explores a series of examples depicting instances of manipulating memory and the past. I argue that Mycenaean burial monuments played an important part in the configuration of ideological narratives and the construction of traditions aimed either to affirm or to legitimise social status and socio-political hierarchies. Development of tomb and hero cults as interrelated phenomena with strategies of past manipulation are also discussed in detail. The chronological framework covers a broad period between the early LH and the Geometric period, and focuses on the island of Kefalonia, which includes the richest dataset.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chesson, I. Ullah, Nicholas P. Ames, Sarah Benchekroun, H. Forbes, Yesenia Garcia, G. Iiriti, P. Lazrus, J. Robb, M. O. Squillaci, Nicholas P. S. Wolff
Archaeological research on sustainability enjoys an increasingly high profile in the discipline, with scholars employing a range of methodological and theoretical platforms. We argue that the most successful forays of applied archaeological research into sustainability encompass three major realms: the social foundations and local histories of any human community, the economic resources and practices to support that community, and the environmental and geological couplings existing therein. This study explores dynamic relationships between these three spheres by discussing how nineteenth- and twentieth-century farmers, land managers, and landowners, along with their families, created and maintained a vibrant community, founded for the commercial production of bergamot, mulberries, olives, grapes, and a wide variety of fruits, nuts, vegetables, and cereal crops in the San Pasquale Valley (SPQV), Calabria, Italy. Our theoretical approach combines Lave and Wenger's (1991) community of practice approach with Scarborough's (2009) model of labor- and techno-tasking strategies to document laborscapes through time, using architectural documentation, oral histories, documentary evidence, oral histories, ethnographic interviews, and climate modeling. We demonstrate the interpretive power of incorporating cultural foundations into environmental and economic models to produce more comprehensive understandings of how people succeed and fail to sustain livelihoods and communities. We argue that rhythms and nuances of linkages between the SPQV environment, economy, and social worlds require a more flexible conceptualization of sustainability to encompass the variety of solutions developed by current SPQV community members to craft sustainable economic and social futures for themselves.
{"title":"Laborscapes and Archaeologies of Sustainability","authors":"M. Chesson, I. Ullah, Nicholas P. Ames, Sarah Benchekroun, H. Forbes, Yesenia Garcia, G. Iiriti, P. Lazrus, J. Robb, M. O. Squillaci, Nicholas P. S. Wolff","doi":"10.1558/JMA.39327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.39327","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological research on sustainability enjoys an increasingly high profile in the discipline, with scholars employing a range of methodological and theoretical platforms. We argue that the most successful forays of applied archaeological research into sustainability encompass three major realms: the social foundations and local histories of any human community, the economic resources and practices to support that community, and the environmental and geological couplings existing therein. This study explores dynamic relationships between these three spheres by discussing how nineteenth- and twentieth-century farmers, land managers, and landowners, along with their families, created and maintained a vibrant community, founded for the commercial production of bergamot, mulberries, olives, grapes, and a wide variety of fruits, nuts, vegetables, and cereal crops in the San Pasquale Valley (SPQV), Calabria, Italy. Our theoretical approach combines Lave and Wenger's (1991) community of practice approach with Scarborough's (2009) model of labor- and techno-tasking strategies to document laborscapes through time, using architectural documentation, oral histories, documentary evidence, oral histories, ethnographic interviews, and climate modeling. We demonstrate the interpretive power of incorporating cultural foundations into environmental and economic models to produce more comprehensive understandings of how people succeed and fail to sustain livelihoods and communities. We argue that rhythms and nuances of linkages between the SPQV environment, economy, and social worlds require a more flexible conceptualization of sustainability to encompass the variety of solutions developed by current SPQV community members to craft sustainable economic and social futures for themselves.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49136580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purple textiles were highly valued in the ancient Mediterranean as a symbol of prestige, social status and power. Despite the numerous publications focused on the production and spread of purple dye technologies, the discussion regarding this particular dye has often been compartmentalised regionally (eastern or western Mediterranean) and chronologically (second or first millennium bc). The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to propose a full chaine operatoire for the production of shellfish-purple-dyed textiles; (2) to synthesise the archaeological evidence on production and consumption of such textiles in the entire Mediterranean before the Romans; and (3) to discuss the social implications of the production and consumption of these textiles, to gain a better understanding of their economic and social significance. Open access: Attribution—Non Commercial—NoDerivs / CC BY-NC-ND
紫色纺织品在古代地中海地区被视为威望、社会地位和权力的象征。尽管有许多出版物关注紫色染料技术的生产和传播，但关于这种特殊染料的讨论往往被划分为区域(地中海东部或西部)和时间(公元前二千年或公元前一千年)。本文的目的有三个:(1)提出一种生产贝类紫染纺织品的全链式工艺;(2)综合罗马人之前整个地中海地区生产和消费这类纺织品的考古证据;(3)讨论这些纺织品的生产和消费的社会影响，以更好地了解其经济和社会意义。开放获取:署名-非商业-禁止衍生/ CC BY-NC-ND
{"title":"Colouring the Mediterranean: Production and Consumption of Purple-dyed Textiles in Pre-Roman Times","authors":"Beatriz Marín-Aguilera, F. Iacono, M. Gleba","doi":"10.1558/JMA.38080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.38080","url":null,"abstract":"Purple textiles were highly valued in the ancient Mediterranean as a symbol of prestige, social status and power. Despite the numerous publications focused on the production and spread of purple dye technologies, the discussion regarding this particular dye has often been compartmentalised regionally (eastern or western Mediterranean) and chronologically (second or first millennium bc). The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to propose a full chaine operatoire for the production of shellfish-purple-dyed textiles; (2) to synthesise the archaeological evidence on production and consumption of such textiles in the entire Mediterranean before the Romans; and (3) to discuss the social implications of the production and consumption of these textiles, to gain a better understanding of their economic and social significance. \u0000Open access: Attribution—Non Commercial—NoDerivs / CC BY-NC-ND","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46737736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the manufacture, use, and archaeological classification of ceramic commensal vessels from western Sicily dating from the late Iron Age and Archaic periods (approximately 900-600 BC), addressing the stylistic transformation of pottery manufactured by indigenous Sicilians following social contact, interaction, and entanglement with foreigners. Potters blended various styles of form and decoration to manufacture ceramic vessels which continue to challenge theoretical frameworks that attempt to classify and interpret them. Previous studies have utilized models of material imitation and emulation, yet have seldom explored the social significance of their production and use. More recent studies break from these predecessors, applying post-colonial perspectives to evaluate critically and contextualize these products of social entanglement. Unfortunately, many of these interpretations fail to distinguish between material and behavioral classifications, inadequately employing theories of social behavior to characterize material culture. Here, the distinction between material and behavioral classification is emphasized, differentiating between physical styles and the social behaviors associated with the production, use, and discard of objects. The concept of mixed-style artifacts is presented as an alternative to previous classificatory models, distinguishing and parsing between material and behavioral classifications to contextualize and understand these artifacts. Using this approach, mixed-style Sicilian pottery can be classified more objectively, divorcing such classifications from subjective biases. Consequently, such pottery appears to be a product of local potters who, operating as communities of practice, incorporated elements of foreign style alongside indigenous ones, creating a material manifestation of the social middle ground. In this way, the mixedstyle concept varies from strict imitation as it more accurately accounts for the selective incorporation of particular styles to synthesize something new, albeit familiar.
{"title":"Thinking Beyond Imitation: Mixed-style Pottery in Ancient Western Sicily","authors":"William M. Balco","doi":"10.1558/JMA.38082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.38082","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the manufacture, use, and archaeological classification of ceramic commensal vessels from western Sicily dating from the late Iron Age and Archaic periods (approximately 900-600 BC), addressing the stylistic transformation of pottery manufactured by indigenous Sicilians following social contact, interaction, and entanglement with foreigners. Potters blended various styles of form and decoration to manufacture ceramic vessels which continue to challenge theoretical frameworks that attempt to classify and interpret them. Previous studies have utilized models of material imitation and emulation, yet have seldom explored the social significance of their production and use. More recent studies break from these predecessors, applying post-colonial perspectives to evaluate critically and contextualize these products of social entanglement. Unfortunately, many of these interpretations fail to distinguish between material and behavioral classifications, inadequately employing theories of social behavior to characterize material culture. Here, the distinction between material and behavioral classification is emphasized, differentiating between physical styles and the social behaviors associated with the production, use, and discard of objects. The concept of mixed-style artifacts is presented as an alternative to previous classificatory models, distinguishing and parsing between material and behavioral classifications to contextualize and understand these artifacts. Using this approach, mixed-style Sicilian pottery can be classified more objectively, divorcing such classifications from subjective biases. Consequently, such pottery appears to be a product of local potters who, operating as communities of practice, incorporated elements of foreign style alongside indigenous ones, creating a material manifestation of the social middle ground. In this way, the mixedstyle concept varies from strict imitation as it more accurately accounts for the selective incorporation of particular styles to synthesize something new, albeit familiar.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47230172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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