Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.005
J. Ildefonzo Arocha Rodulfo , Gestne Aure Fariñez
Objectives
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the greatest threat to the health of women and is the leading cause of death amongst women globally; however, cardiovascular disease in women remains understudied, under-recognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. The aim of this descriptive review is to summarize the existing problem and to identify the knowledge gaps in cardiovascular disease research, prevention, treatment, and access to care for women.
Material and methods
This is a descriptive review of the literature based on numerous articles published in peer-reviewed journals since the beginning of this century related to the spectrum of cardiovascular disease in women.
Results
There are several obstacles to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes in women. One of them is the lack of reliable, effective screening modalities since her participation in clinical trial is quite low. Other concern is the complexity of the female organism with several hormonal changes during her life and the hemodynamics stress during pregnancy. Moreover, in the last stage of their life several cardiometabolic risk factor may appear, most of them not recognized by the health team in primary care attention.
Discussion
Effective strategies are required to address inequalities in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of heart disease in women; to advance innovative solutions for early detection and oriented management; to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to sex-specific differences in outcomes; and finally, reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease in women.
{"title":"La complejidad del riesgo cardiovascular en las mujeres. Revisión descriptiva","authors":"J. Ildefonzo Arocha Rodulfo , Gestne Aure Fariñez","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the greatest threat to the health of women and is the leading cause of death amongst women globally; however, cardiovascular disease in women remains understudied, under-recognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. The aim of this descriptive review is to summarize the existing problem and to identify the knowledge gaps in cardiovascular disease research, prevention, treatment, and access to care for women.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This is a descriptive review of the literature based on numerous articles published in peer-reviewed journals since the beginning of this century related to the spectrum of cardiovascular disease in women.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There are several obstacles to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes in women. One of them is the lack of reliable, effective screening modalities since her participation in clinical trial is quite low. Other concern is the complexity of the female organism with several hormonal changes during her life and the hemodynamics stress during pregnancy. Moreover, in the last stage of their life several cardiometabolic risk factor may appear, most of them not recognized by the health team in primary care attention.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Effective strategies are required to address inequalities in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of heart disease in women; to advance innovative solutions for early detection and oriented management; to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to sex-specific differences in outcomes; and finally, reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.500754
Ángel Arturo López-González , Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá , Hernán Paublini Oliveira , Cristina Martorell Sánchez , Pedro Juan Tárraga López , José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent
Introduction
Diabesity is a pathological condition that combines obesity and type 2 diabetes in the same individual. Due to the current rise in both conditions, the prevalence of diabesity is increasing worldwide. Its etiology is known to be multifactorial; therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how diabesity is associated with various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress.
Materials and Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 24,224 Spanish workers to evaluate the association between diabesity and various factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress. The criteria used to define diabesity included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and visceral fat (VF).
Results
All the aforementioned variables were found to be associated with diabesity. The highest odds ratios (OR) were observed for age, with values ranging from 5.57 (95% CI: 4.48-6.67) when BF was used as the diabesity criterion to 6.89 (95% CI: 5.60-8.19) when VF was the criterion. Similarly, elevated ORs were observed for male gender, with ORs of 6.77 (95% CI: 5.31-8.24) for VF and 3.34 (95% CI: 2.77-3.94) for BF.
Conclusions
In our study, the profile of a person at highest risk of diabesity is a man over 50 years old from a lower socioeconomic status, who is a smoker, regular alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and experiencing high stress levels.
{"title":"Asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, hábitos saludables y estrés con diabesidad","authors":"Ángel Arturo López-González , Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá , Hernán Paublini Oliveira , Cristina Martorell Sánchez , Pedro Juan Tárraga López , José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.500754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.500754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diabesity is a pathological condition that combines obesity and type 2 diabetes in the same individual. Due to the current rise in both conditions, the prevalence of diabesity is increasing worldwide. Its etiology is known to be multifactorial; therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how diabesity is associated with various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 24,224 Spanish workers to evaluate the association between diabesity and various factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress. The criteria used to define diabesity included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and visceral fat (VF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All the aforementioned variables were found to be associated with diabesity. The highest odds ratios (OR) were observed for age, with values ranging from 5.57 (95% CI: 4.48-6.67) when BF was used as the diabesity criterion to 6.89 (95% CI: 5.60-8.19) when VF was the criterion. Similarly, elevated ORs were observed for male gender, with ORs of 6.77 (95% CI: 5.31-8.24) for VF and 3.34 (95% CI: 2.77-3.94) for BF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In our study, the profile of a person at highest risk of diabesity is a man over 50 years old from a lower socioeconomic status, who is a smoker, regular alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and experiencing high stress levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500825
Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga
{"title":"MicroARNs asociados a partículas lipídicas con potencial para prevenir o reducir el desarrollo de arteriosclerosis en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide","authors":"Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.002
Núria Puig , Pol Camps-Renom , Eduardo Garcia , Aleyda Benítez-Amaro , Ana Aguilera-Simón , Alejandro Fernández-León , Jose Luis Sanchez Quesada , Vicenta Llorente-Cortés , Sonia Benitez
Background
Atherosclerotic plaques in the internal carotid artery are responsible for more than 15% of ischemic strokes. Carotid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) detects plaque inflammation. Plasma ICAM-1 and LRP1 concentrations have been associated with inflammation in ipsilateral carotid plaque. The aim of the present study was to test the association between the soluble (s) form of these biomarkers and contralateral carotid plaques.
Methods
Prospective study conducted in 53 patients with a recent ischemic stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in both carotid arteries. All of the patients underwent an early carotid 18F-FDG PET, and a blood sample was obtained at 7 ± 1 days. Several plasma inflammatory markers were evaluated by Multiplex and sLRP1 levels were measured by commercial ELISA. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between inflammatory markers and the clinical variables, including contralateral maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUVmax (mean of contralateral and ipsilateral SUVmax) of 18F-FDG uptake. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated with Cox models adjusted for potential confounding factors to evaluate recurrence.
Results
Multivariable linear regression analysis showed an independent association between sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and mean SUVmax (CI = −0.064–0.325, p = 0.004; CI = 0.079–0.554, p = 0.010). In addition, in bivariate regression analysis, sICAM-1 was associated with contralateral SUVmax (CI = 0.049–0.382, p = 0.012). Cox regression showed that mean SUVmax was associated with stroke recurrence (HR = 5.604, p = 0.044).
Conclusions
sICAM-1 was independently associated with mean carotid plaque inflammation and with inflammation in contralateral plaque. sICAM-1 could be an indicator of plaque inflammation even in asymptomatic plaques.
{"title":"sICAM-1 concentrations are associated with inflammation in contralateral carotid plaque in patients with ischemic stroke","authors":"Núria Puig , Pol Camps-Renom , Eduardo Garcia , Aleyda Benítez-Amaro , Ana Aguilera-Simón , Alejandro Fernández-León , Jose Luis Sanchez Quesada , Vicenta Llorente-Cortés , Sonia Benitez","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atherosclerotic plaques in the internal carotid artery are responsible for more than 15% of ischemic strokes. Carotid <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET) detects plaque inflammation. Plasma ICAM-1 and LRP1 concentrations have been associated with inflammation in ipsilateral carotid plaque. The aim of the present study was to test the association between the soluble (s) form of these biomarkers and contralateral carotid plaques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective study conducted in 53 patients with a recent ischemic stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in both carotid arteries. All of the patients underwent an early carotid <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET, and a blood sample was obtained at 7<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1 days. Several plasma inflammatory markers were evaluated by Multiplex and sLRP1 levels were measured by commercial ELISA. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between inflammatory markers and the clinical variables, including contralateral maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUVmax (mean of contralateral and ipsilateral SUVmax) of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated with Cox models adjusted for potential confounding factors to evaluate recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivariable linear regression analysis showed an independent association between sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and mean SUVmax (CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.064–0.325, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.004; CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.079–0.554, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.010). In addition, in bivariate regression analysis, sICAM-1 was associated with contralateral SUVmax (CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.049–0.382, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.012). Cox regression showed that mean SUVmax was associated with stroke recurrence (HR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5.604, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.044).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>sICAM-1 was independently associated with mean carotid plaque inflammation and with inflammation in contralateral plaque. sICAM-1 could be an indicator of plaque inflammation even in asymptomatic plaques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500771
Francesco Sbrana, Beatrice Dal Pino
{"title":"PCSK9 inhibitors tug of war: Compliance, adverse events and LDL-cholesterol target","authors":"Francesco Sbrana, Beatrice Dal Pino","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 500771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.006
José A. Páramo , Ana Cenarro , Fernando Civeira , Carmen Roncal
Atherosclerosis is the main pathogenic substrate for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Initially categorized as a passive cholesterol storage disease, nowadays, it is considered an active process, identifying inflammation among the key players for its initiation and progression. Despite these advances, patients with CVDs are still at high risk of thrombotic events and death, urging to deepen into the molecular mechanisms underlying atherogenesis, and to identify novel diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for their stratification. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been postulated as an alternative in search of novel biomarkers in atherosclerotic diseases, as well as to investigate the crosstalk between the cells participating in the processes leading to arterial remodelling. EVs are nanosized lipidic particles released by most cell types in physiological and pathological conditions, that enclose lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from parental cells reflecting their activation status. First considered cellular waste disposal systems, at present, EVs have been recognized as active effectors in a myriad of cellular processes, and as potential diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers also in CVDs. This review summarizes the role of EVs as potential biomarkers of CVDs, and their involvement into the processes leading to atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis: Current and forthcoming impact.","authors":"José A. Páramo , Ana Cenarro , Fernando Civeira , Carmen Roncal","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis is the main pathogenic substrate for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Initially categorized as a passive cholesterol storage disease, nowadays, it is considered an active process, identifying inflammation among the key players for its initiation and progression. Despite these advances, patients with CVDs are still at high risk of thrombotic events and death, urging to deepen into the molecular mechanisms underlying atherogenesis, and to identify novel diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for their stratification. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been postulated as an alternative in search of novel biomarkers in atherosclerotic diseases, as well as to investigate the crosstalk between the cells participating in the processes leading to arterial remodelling. EVs are nanosized lipidic particles released by most cell types in physiological and pathological conditions, that enclose lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from parental cells reflecting their activation status. First considered cellular waste disposal systems, at present, EVs have been recognized as active effectors in a myriad of cellular processes, and as potential diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers also in CVDs. This review summarizes the role of EVs as potential biomarkers of CVDs, and their involvement into the processes leading to atherosclerosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.11.004
Emilio Ortega , Amanda Jiménez , Sheila López-Ruiz , Eva Castro-Boqué , José Manuel Valdivielso , Marcelino Bermúdez-López , Gemma Chiva-Blanch
Introduction and objectives
More than 50% of first cardiovascular events (CVE) occur in populations identified as at low or intermediate risk by the risk equations, so the inclusion of additional variables, such as polygenic risk scores (PRS), has been proposed to improve the predictive capacity of these equations. The aim of this study was to assess whether a PRS, independently or with clinical risk equations, is associated with the presence, severity and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Methods
109 subjects with atherosclerosis were selected from the ILERVAS cohort (primary prevention) and matched with 109 participants without atherosclerosis of the same age, sex and SCORE2 risk level. Atherosclerosis was assessed and quantified by arterial wall vascular ultrasound in 12 territories, and PRS was estimated using the Cardio inCode Score®. The predictive capacity of the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis was estimated, as well as the association between the extent and severity of atherosclerosis with PRS and clinical risk (SCORE2).
Results
PRS was similar between participants with or without atherosclerosis (P = 0.525). We did not find an association between PRS and SCORE2 (r = -0.29, P = 0.709), and the addition of PRS to SCORE2 did not improve the prediction of atherosclerosis [AUC (95% CI) = 0.566 (0.477, 0.654), P = 0.148]. The extent of atherosclerosis was related to SCORE2 (P = 0.009), but not to PRS (P = 0.709).
Conclusions
The Selected PRS is not associated with the presence of atherosclerosis or clinical risk, suggesting that its additional contribution to CVE risk would be mediated by mechanisms independent of the development of atherosclerosis. Additional biomarkers are needed to improve the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis without using imaging tests as a first step in personalized assessment.
{"title":"Riesgo poligénico y aterosclerosis subclínica en individuos asintomáticos de mediana edad. Estudio ILERVAS","authors":"Emilio Ortega , Amanda Jiménez , Sheila López-Ruiz , Eva Castro-Boqué , José Manuel Valdivielso , Marcelino Bermúdez-López , Gemma Chiva-Blanch","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>More than 50% of first cardiovascular events (CVE) occur in populations identified as at low or intermediate risk by the risk equations, so the inclusion of additional variables, such as polygenic risk scores (PRS), has been proposed to improve the predictive capacity of these equations. The aim of this study was to assess whether a PRS, independently or with clinical risk equations, is associated with the presence, severity and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>109 subjects with atherosclerosis were selected from the ILERVAS cohort (primary prevention) and matched with 109 participants without atherosclerosis of the same age, sex and SCORE2 risk level. Atherosclerosis was assessed and quantified by arterial wall vascular ultrasound in 12 territories, and PRS was estimated using the Cardio inCode Score®. The predictive capacity of the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis was estimated, as well as the association between the extent and severity of atherosclerosis with PRS and clinical risk (SCORE2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PRS was similar between participants with or without atherosclerosis <em>(P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.525). We did not find an association between PRS and SCORE2 (r<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->-0.29, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.709), and the addition of PRS to SCORE2 did not improve the prediction of atherosclerosis [AUC (95% CI)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.566 (0.477, 0.654), <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.148]. The extent of atherosclerosis was related to SCORE2 (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.009), but not to PRS (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.709).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Selected PRS is not associated with the presence of atherosclerosis or clinical risk, suggesting that its additional contribution to CVE risk would be mediated by mechanisms independent of the development of atherosclerosis. Additional biomarkers are needed to improve the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis without using imaging tests as a first step in personalized assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.004
Sebastián Mas-Fontao , Nieves Tarín , Carmen Cristóbal , Manuel Soto-Catalán , Ana Pello , Alvaro Aceña , Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo , Carmen Garces , Carmen Gomez-Guerrero , Carlos Gutiérrez-Landaluce , Luis M. Blanco-Colio , José Luis Martín-Ventura , Ana Huelmos , Joaquín Alonso , Lorenzo López Bescós , Juan A. Moreno , Ignacio Mahíllo-Fernández , Óscar Lorenzo , María Luisa González-Casaus , Jesús Egido , José Tuñón
Objectives
To examine the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and stable coronary artery disease.
Methods
A total of 964 patients with stable coronary artery disease were included. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (TNF-R1 and TNF-R2), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. The primary endpoint was the development of acute ischaemic events (any type of acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or transient ischaemic attack).
Results
There were 232 diabetic patients and 732 non-diabetic patients. Patients with coronary artery disease and DM2 (232, 24%) had higher levels of TNF-R1, TNF-R2, GDF-15, sST2 (P<.001), and hsCRP compared to patients without DM2, indicating a higher inflammatory state. After a median follow-up of 5.39 (2.81-6.92) years, patients with DM2 more frequently developed the primary endpoint (15.9% vs 10.8%; P=.035). Plasma levels of TNF-R1 were independent predictors of the primary endpoint in patients with DM2, along with male gender, triglyceride levels, and the absence of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. None of these inflammatory markers predicted the development of this event in non-diabetic patients.
Conclusions
Patients with stable coronary artery disease and DM2 exhibit elevated levels of the proinflammatory markers TNF-R1, TNF-R2, GDF-15, and sST2. Moreover, TNF-R1 is an independent predictor of acute ischaemic events only in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Los niveles plasmáticos elevados de TNF-R1 predicen el desarrollo de eventos isquémicos agudos en pacientes coronarios con diabetes","authors":"Sebastián Mas-Fontao , Nieves Tarín , Carmen Cristóbal , Manuel Soto-Catalán , Ana Pello , Alvaro Aceña , Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo , Carmen Garces , Carmen Gomez-Guerrero , Carlos Gutiérrez-Landaluce , Luis M. Blanco-Colio , José Luis Martín-Ventura , Ana Huelmos , Joaquín Alonso , Lorenzo López Bescós , Juan A. Moreno , Ignacio Mahíllo-Fernández , Óscar Lorenzo , María Luisa González-Casaus , Jesús Egido , José Tuñón","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and stable coronary artery disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 964 patients with stable coronary artery disease were included. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (TNF-R1 and TNF-R2), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. The primary endpoint was the development of acute ischaemic events (any type of acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or transient ischaemic attack).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 232 diabetic patients and 732 non-diabetic patients. Patients with coronary artery disease and DM2 (232, 24%) had higher levels of TNF-R1, TNF-R2, GDF-15, sST2 (<em>P</em><.001), and hsCRP compared to patients without DM2, indicating a higher inflammatory state. After a median follow-up of 5.39 (2.81-6.92) years, patients with DM2 more frequently developed the primary endpoint (15.9% vs 10.8%; <em>P</em>=.035). Plasma levels of TNF-R1 were independent predictors of the primary endpoint in patients with DM2, along with male gender, triglyceride levels, and the absence of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. None of these inflammatory markers predicted the development of this event in non-diabetic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with stable coronary artery disease and DM2 exhibit elevated levels of the proinflammatory markers TNF-R1, TNF-R2, GDF-15, and sST2. Moreover, TNF-R1 is an independent predictor of acute ischaemic events only in diabetic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.06.002
Elena Vilalta Doñate , Francisca García Fernández , Salvador Martínez Meléndez , Consuelo Castillo Castillo , Pablo Salas Medina , Isabel Almodóvar Fernández
Introduction
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Dietmed) exerts protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) there are fewer studies that analyze these data.
Objective
To determine adherence to Dietmed and dietary habits in patients with PAD, according to a history of CVD (coronary and/or cerebral ischaemic pathology) and according to the ankle-brachial index (ABI ≥ or <0,5).
Material and methods
Cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary hospital. The sample was collected consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical history, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and a 14-point Dietmed adherence dietary questionnaire were included. The analysis of categorical variables was carried out using the Pearson's Chi-Square test, the T-Student's statistic test for independent samples was used for parametric variables and the U. Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables.
Results
Of the 97 patients, 87,6% had low adherence to Dietmed, with no differences according to the severity of PAD. However, when we analysed the data according to whether or not they had a history of CVD, we observed a high adherence to some items included in Dietmed, specifically, in the CVD group, the consumption of lean meat (95,5% vs 64%; P=.004). In addition, we observed a significant difference in the consumption in the group without a history of CVD (32% vs 9,1%; P=.033).
Conclusion
In our population, patients with PAD, regardless of the stage of the disease and whether they had associated coronary or cerebral ischaemic pathology, had low adherence to Dietmed. Therefore, it is important to implement nutritional education programmes in patients with PAD in all stages, as well as in those patients who have already suffered a vascular event, so that they maintain adherence to healthy dietary habits in the long term.
导言：坚持地中海饮食（Dietmed）对心血管疾病（CVD）具有保护作用。在下肢外周动脉疾病（PAD）方面，对这些数据进行分析的研究较少：根据心血管疾病病史（冠心病和/或脑缺血病）和踝肱指数（ABI ≥ 或 材料和方法：在一家三级医院进行的横断面分析研究。样本连续采集。研究纳入了社会人口学和临床病史、踝肱指数（ABI）和 14 点 Dietmed 饮食依从性问卷。对分类变量的分析采用皮尔逊秩方检验，对参数变量采用独立样本 T-Student 统计检验，对非参数变量采用 U. Mann-Whitney 检验：在 97 名患者中，87.6% 的患者对饮食治疗的依从性较低，与 PAD 的严重程度无关。然而，当我们根据患者是否有心血管疾病病史对数据进行分析时，我们发现他们对饮食医学中某些项目的依从性较高，特别是在心血管疾病组中，瘦肉的摄入量较高（95.5% 对 64%；P=.004）。此外，我们还观察到无心血管疾病史组的食用量有显著差异（32% vs 9.1%；P=.033）：结论：在我们的研究人群中，PAD 患者无论处于哪个阶段，也无论是否伴有冠状动脉或脑缺血病变，对饮食治疗的依从性都很低。因此，对各阶段的 PAD 患者以及已发生血管事件的患者实施营养教育计划非常重要，这样他们才能长期坚持健康的饮食习惯。
{"title":"Hábitos nutricionales en los pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica: adherencia a la dieta mediterránea","authors":"Elena Vilalta Doñate , Francisca García Fernández , Salvador Martínez Meléndez , Consuelo Castillo Castillo , Pablo Salas Medina , Isabel Almodóvar Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Dietmed) exerts protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) there are fewer studies that analyze these data.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine adherence to Dietmed and dietary habits in patients with PAD, according to a history of CVD (coronary and/or cerebral ischaemic pathology) and according to the ankle-brachial index (ABI ≥ or <0,5).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary hospital. The sample was collected consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical history, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and a 14-point Dietmed adherence dietary questionnaire were included. The analysis of categorical variables was carried out using the Pearson's Chi-Square test, the T-Student's statistic test for independent samples was used for parametric variables and the U. Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 97 patients, 87,6% had low adherence to Dietmed, with no differences according to the severity of PAD. However, when we analysed the data according to whether or not they had a history of CVD, we observed a high adherence to some items included in Dietmed, specifically, in the CVD group, the consumption of lean meat (95,5% vs 64%; <em>P</em>=.004). In addition, we observed a significant difference in the consumption in the group without a history of CVD (32% vs 9,1%; <em>P</em>=.033).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In our population, patients with PAD, regardless of the stage of the disease and whether they had associated coronary or cerebral ischaemic pathology, had low adherence to Dietmed. Therefore, it is important to implement nutritional education programmes in patients with PAD in all stages, as well as in those patients who have already suffered a vascular event, so that they maintain adherence to healthy dietary habits in the long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141628054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.002
Javier Rodríguez Lega, Ángel González Pinto
{"title":"Evaluación del efecto sobre la trombogenicidad de modificaciones de la superficie en stents de nitinol en un modelo in vitro","authors":"Javier Rodríguez Lega, Ángel González Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 1","pages":"Article 100742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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