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Asociación de la placa de ateroma carotídea con los niveles plasmáticos de IL-18 y con polimorfismos en el gen del receptor de la IL-18 en la población mediterránea 地中海人群中颈动脉粥样斑块与 IL-18 水平及 IL-18 受体基因多态性的关系。
IF 1.9 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.12.005
Ana Palanca , Amparo Bartual-Rodrigo , Carolina Cuenca , Oscar D. Mayo-López , Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco , Herminia González-Navarro , Juan F. Ascaso , Ana Bárbara García-García , Felipe Javier Chaves , José T. Real , Sergio Martínez-Hervás

Background

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is an inflammatory molecule that has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

Objective

To evaluate the possible relationship between plasma levels of IL-18 and the presence of atherosclerosis evaluated at the carotid level, as well as to analyze the possible modulation by different polymorphisms in a Mediterranean population.

Material and methods

Seven hundred and forty-six individuals from the metropolitan area of Valencia were included, recruited over a period of 2 years. Hydrocarbon and lipid metabolism parameters were determined using standard methodology and IL-18 using ELISA. In addition, carotid ultrasound was performed and the genotype of four SNPs related to the IL-18 signaling pathway was analyzed.

Results

Patients with higher plasma levels of IL-18 had other associated cardiovascular risk factors. Elevated IL-18 levels were significantly associated with higher carotid IMT and the presence of atheromatous plaques. The genotype with the A allele of the SNP rs2287037 was associated with a higher prevalence of carotid atheromatous plaque. On the contrary, the genotype with the C allele of the SNP rs2293224 was associated with a lower prevalence of atheromatous plaque.

Conclusions

High levels of IL-18 were significantly associated with a higher carotid IMT and the presence of atheromatous plaques, which appear to be influenced by genetic factors, as evidenced by associations between SNPs in the IL-18 receptor gene and the presence of atheroma plaque.

背景:动脉粥样硬化是一种炎症性疾病:动脉粥样硬化是一种炎症性疾病。白细胞介素 18(IL-18)是一种炎症分子,与动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病的发生有关:评估血浆中 IL-18 水平与颈动脉粥样硬化之间可能存在的关系,并分析不同多态性对地中海人群可能产生的调节作用:研究对象包括来自巴伦西亚大都会地区的 746 人,招募时间为两年。采用标准方法测定碳氢化合物和脂质代谢参数,采用 ELISA 方法测定 IL-18。此外,还进行了颈动脉超声检查,并分析了与 IL-18 信号通路相关的四个 SNPs 基因型:结果:血浆中IL-18水平较高的患者有其他相关的心血管风险因素。IL-18水平升高与颈动脉内中膜厚度升高和动脉粥样斑块的存在明显相关。带有 SNP rs2287037 的 A 等位基因的基因型与较高的颈动脉粥样斑块发病率相关。相反,SNP rs2293224的C等位基因的基因型与较低的动脉粥样斑块发病率相关:结论:高水平的IL-18与较高的颈动脉内中膜厚度和动脉粥样斑块的存在明显相关,这似乎受到遗传因素的影响,IL-18受体基因中的SNP与动脉粥样斑块的存在之间的关联就证明了这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Prof. Rafael Carmena Rodríguez 拉斐尔-卡梅纳-罗德里格斯教授
IF 1.9 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.06.003
Juan F Ascaso
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引用次数: 0
Thrombotic risk assessed by PAI-1 in patients with COVID-19: The influence of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus 通过 PAI-1 评估 COVID-19 患者的血栓风险:高血糖和糖尿病的影响。
IF 1.9 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.12.004
Lourdes Basurto , Leticia Manuel-Apolinar , Ariadna Robledo , Sean O’Leary , Carlos Martínez-Murillo , Lina Ivette Medina-Ortíz , Mario German Montes Osorio , Julio Zarazua , Lourdes Balcázar-Hernández , Juan Carlos Anda-Garay

Objective

To assess thrombotic risk with PAI-1 levels in patients with COVID-19, to evaluate PAI-1 differences between hyperglycemic and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) versus non-hyperglycemic patients, and to analyze the association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with hyperglycemia and T2DM.

Methods

A cross-sectional study carried out in 181 patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Two groups were formed: the patients with hyperglycemia at admission and/or previously diagnosed T2DM group and the non-hyperglycemic group. Fibrinolysis was assessed by measuring PAI-1 levels by ELISA.

Results

The mean age was 59.4 ± 16.1 years; 55.8% were male 54.1% of patients presented obesity, 38.1% had pre-existing T2DM and 50.8% had admission hyperglycemia and/or pre-existing T2DM. The patients with admission hyperglycemia and/or preexisting T2DM had higher PAI-1 compared with non-hyperglycemic patients [197.5 (128.8–315.9) vs 158.1 (113.4–201.4) ng/mL; p = 0.031]. The glucose levels showed a positive correlation with PAI-1 levels (r = 0.284, p = 0.041). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed association of PAI-1 level and hyperglycemia and pre-existing T2DM with severity of COVID-19.

Conclusion

Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with preexisting T2DM or hyperglycemia detected during their hospitalization presented a greater increase in PAI-1 levels, which suggests that hyperglycemia contributes directly to the hypercoagulable state and probably a worse outcome from the patients.

目的评估COVID-19患者血栓风险与PAI-1水平的关系,评估高血糖和/或2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者与非高血糖患者PAI-1的差异,分析纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)与高血糖和T2DM的关系:方法:对 181 名因 COVID-19 住院的患者进行横断面研究。分为两组:入院时有高血糖和/或既往诊断为 T2DM 的患者组和非高血糖组。通过酶联免疫吸附法测定 PAI-1 水平来评估纤溶情况:平均年龄为(59.4±16.1)岁;55.8%为男性;54.1%的患者有肥胖症;38.1%的患者既往患有 T2DM;50.8%的患者入院时有高血糖和/或既往患有 T2DM。与非高血糖患者相比,入院时有高血糖和/或原有 T2DM 的患者 PAI-1 更高[197.5 (128.8-315.9) vs 158.1 (113.4-201.4) ng/mL;P=0.031]。血糖水平与 PAI-1 水平呈正相关(r=0.284,p=0.041)。多变量逻辑回归分析显示,PAI-1水平、高血糖和原有的T2DM与COVID-19的严重程度有关:结论:因感染 COVID-19 而住院的患者,如果在住院期间发现已有 T2DM 或高血糖,PAI-1 水平的升高幅度会更大,这表明高血糖会直接导致高凝状态,患者的预后可能会更差。
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引用次数: 0
Consenso sobre lipoproteína (a) de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Revisión bibliográfica y recomendaciones para la práctica clínica 西班牙动脉硬化学会脂蛋白(a)共识。文献综述和临床实践建议。
IF 1.9 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.002
Javier Delgado-Lista , Jose M. Mostaza , Teresa Arrobas-Velilla , Francisco Blanco-Vaca , Luis Masana , Juan Pedro-Botet , Pablo Perez-Martinez , Fernando Civeira , Jose I. Cuende-Melero , Jose J. Gomez-Barrado , Carlos Lahoz , Xavier Pintó , Manuel Suarez-Tembra , Jose Lopez-Miranda , Carlos Guijarro

The irruption of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in the study of cardiovascular risk factors is perhaps, together with the discovery and use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (iPCSK9) inhibitor drugs, the greatest novelty in the field for decades. Lp(a) concentration (especially very high levels) has an undeniable association with certain cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) and aortic stenosis. However, there are several current limitations to both establishing epidemiological associations and specific pharmacological treatment. Firstly, the measurement of Lp(a) is highly dependent on the test used, mainly because of the characteristics of the molecule. Secondly, Lp(a) concentration is more than 80% genetically determined, so that, unlike other cardiovascular risk factors, it cannot be regulated by lifestyle changes. Finally, although there are many promising clinical trials with specific drugs to reduce Lp(a), currently only iPCSK9 (limited for use because of its cost) significantly reduces Lp(a).

However, and in line with other scientific societies, the SEA considers that, with the aim of increasing knowledge about the contribution of Lp(a) to cardiovascular risk, it is relevant to produce a document containing the current status of the subject, recommendations for the control of global cardiovascular risk in people with elevated Lp(a) and recommendations on the therapeutic approach to patients with elevated Lp(a).

脂蛋白(a)(Lp(a))在心血管风险因素研究中的应用,可能是几十年来该领域最大的新发现,此外还有丙蛋白转化酶枯草酶/kexin 9 型(iPCSK9)抑制剂药物的发现和使用。脂蛋白(a)浓度(尤其是极高浓度)与某些心血管并发症(如动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病(AVD)和主动脉狭窄)有着不可否认的联系。然而,目前在确定流行病学关联和特定药物治疗方面都存在一些局限性。首先,脂蛋白(a)的测量高度依赖于所使用的检测方法,这主要是因为该分子的特性。其次,脂蛋白(a)的浓度 80% 以上是由基因决定的,因此,与其他心血管风险因素不同,脂蛋白(a)无法通过改变生活方式来调节。最后,尽管有许多临床试验表明,使用特定药物来降低脂蛋白(a)是有希望的,但目前只有 iPCSK9(因其成本而使用受限)能显著降低脂蛋白(a)。然而,与其他科学协会一样,东南欧医学协会认为,为了增加人们对脂蛋白(a)导致心血管风险的了解,有必要编写一份文件,介绍该主题的现状、控制脂蛋白(a)升高人群的总体心血管风险的建议以及对脂蛋白(a)升高患者的治疗方法的建议。
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引用次数: 0
The athero-contour: A novel tool for global and rapid assessment of atherogenic parameters. A use case in saroglitazar treatment of MAFLD patients. 动脉粥样硬化轮廓:用于全面、快速评估动脉粥样硬化参数的新型工具。用于沙格列扎治疗 MAFLD 患者的一个案例。
IF 1.9 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.04.004
Kung-Hung Lin, Nuria Amigo, Pablo Ortiz, Cristina Alonso, Alexander V Smolensky, Deven Parmar, Naga P Chalasani, Samer Gawrieh

Background and aims: Comprehensive assessment of pharmacotherapy effects on atherogenic parameters (AP) that influence the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is challenging due to interactions among a large number of parameters that modulate CVD risk.

Methods: We developed an illustrative tool, athero-contour (AC), which incorporates weighted key lipid, lipo- and glycoprotein parameters, to readily illustrate their overall changes following pharmacotherapy. We demonstrate the applicability of AC to assess changes in AP in response to saroglitazar treatment in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the EVIDENCES IV study.

Results: The baseline AC of saroglitazar and placebo groups was worse than the mean of the general population. After 16-week treatment, AC improved significantly in the saroglitazar group due to alterations in very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and glycoproteins.

Conclusion: Using AC, we could readily and globally evaluate and visualize changes in AP. AC improved in patients with MAFLD following saroglitazar therapy.

背景和目的:全面评估药物治疗对影响心血管疾病(CVD)风险的致动脉粥样硬化参数(AP)的影响具有挑战性,因为调节心血管疾病风险的大量参数之间存在相互作用:方法:我们开发了一种说明性工具--动脉粥样硬化轮廓(AC),它结合了加权的主要血脂、脂质和糖蛋白参数,可方便地说明药物治疗后这些参数的整体变化。我们在 EVIDENCES IV 研究中展示了 AC 的适用性,以评估代谢相关性脂肪肝(MAFLD)患者在接受沙格列扎治疗后 AP 的变化:结果:沙格列扎和安慰剂组的基线血浆浓度比一般人群的平均值低。经过16周的治疗后,由于极低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和糖蛋白的改变,沙格列扎尔组的AC明显改善:通过 AC,我们可以轻松、全面地评估和观察 AP 的变化。接受沙格列扎治疗后,MAFLD 患者的 AC 有所改善。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics among people with type 2 diabetes on second-line therapy previously added with dapagliflozin or another oral glucose-lowering drug: AGORA study. 比较曾接受达帕格列净或其他口服降糖药物二线治疗的 2 型糖尿病患者的基线临床特征:AGORA 研究。
IF 1.9 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.05.001
Vicente Pallarés-Carratalá, Antonio Ruiz-García, Adalberto Serrano-Cumplido, Antonio Segura Fragoso, Verónica Fernández-Pascual, Beatriz Sánchez-Sánchez, María Inmaculada Cervera-Pérez, Francisco Javier Alonso-Moreno, Ezequiel Arranz-Martínez, Alfonso Barquilla-García, Daniel Rey-Aldana, José Polo García, Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has acquired epidemic proportions worldwide. In recent years, new oral glucose-lowering drugs (OGLD) have emerged that improve the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic control in T2D people.

Objectives: To compare the baseline clinical-biological characteristics among T2D people to whom had added-on dapagliflozin (DAPA group) or another OGLD (SOC group) second-line hypoglycaemic therapies among the AGORA study population.

Methods: This is a multicentre cross-sectional observational study of the baseline characteristics of T2D people recruited through competitive sampling among 46 primary care health centres in Spain for the AGORA study. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of participants, and justification of the sample size are reported. After verifying the data necessary to be evaluated and informed consent, 317 subjects were included to the DAPA group and 288 to the SOC group. Both categorical and continuous variables were analysed and compared with the usual statistics. Cohen's d was used to assess the standardised difference in means.

Results: Six hundred and five patients with T2D were assessed (mean age 63.5 [SD±8.1] years, 61.8% men), whom 17.4% were smokers, 47.6% had obesity, 74.8% hypertension, 87.3% dyslipidaemia, and 41.7% reported physical inactivity, with no significant differences between both comparison groups. The mean (SD) evolution time of T2D was 10.1 (5.6) years. Most baseline clinical-biological characteristics at recruitment were similar in both groups. However, DAPA group was younger (2.9 years), and had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (2.8mmHg), higher body weight (BW) (3.7kg), and higher glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (0.3%) than SOC group. Only 11.5% of participants had poor glycaemic control (HbA1c>8%) at recruitment, 54.9% had good glycaemic control (HbA1c<7%), being significantly lower in the DAPA group (47.3%) than in the SOC group (63.4%). The percentage of T2D patients with high vascular risk (VR) was 46.3%, and 53.7% with very high VR, being significantly higher in the DAPA group (57.4%) than in the SOC group (49.6%).

Conclusions: Most baseline cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic characteristics were similar in T2D patients whom had added dapagliflozin on second-line hypoglycaemic therapy as those whom had added-on another OGLD. However, patients whom had added-on dapagliflozin had higher VR, lower SBP, higher BW, and slightly worse HbA1c control. Future research is necessary to explain the causes of these differences in cardiometabolic control.

引言2 型糖尿病(T2D)已成为全球流行病。近年来,新的口服降糖药(OGLD)不断涌现,改善了T2D患者的心血管-肾脏-代谢控制:比较 AGORA 研究人群中接受达帕格列净(DAPA 组)或其他 OGLD(SOC 组)二线降糖治疗的 T2D 患者的基线临床生物学特征:这是一项多中心横断面观察性研究,通过竞争性抽样在西班牙的 46 个初级保健中心招募 T2D 患者参与 AGORA 研究。报告中介绍了纳入和排除参与者的标准,以及样本量的合理性。在核实评估所需数据和知情同意后,317 名受试者被纳入 DAPA 组,288 名受试者被纳入 SOC 组。对分类变量和连续变量进行了分析,并与常规统计方法进行了比较。科恩氏d用于评估平均值的标准化差异:共评估了 65 名 T2D 患者(平均年龄 63.5 [SD±8.1] 岁,61.8% 为男性),其中 17.4% 为吸烟者,47.6% 为肥胖者,74.8% 为高血压患者,87.3% 为血脂异常患者,41.7% 为缺乏运动者。T2D的平均(标清)演变时间为10.1(5.6)年。两组在招募时的大多数基线临床生物特征相似。然而,与 SOC 组相比,DAPA 组更年轻(2.9 岁),收缩压(SBP)更低(2.8mmHg),体重(BW)更高(3.7kg),糖化血红蛋白 A1c(HbA1c)更高(0.3%)。只有 11.5% 的参与者在招募时血糖控制不佳(HbA1c>8%),54.9% 的参与者血糖控制良好(HbA1cConclusions):在二线降糖治疗中添加达帕格列净的T2D患者与添加其他OGLD的患者的大多数心血管-肾脏-代谢特征相似。然而,加用达帕格列净的患者VR较高、SBP较低、体重较高,HbA1c控制稍差。未来的研究有必要解释这些心脏代谢控制差异的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Levels of sCD163 in women rheumatoid arthritis: Relationship with cardiovascular risk markers. 女性类风湿性关节炎患者的 sCD163 水平:与心血管风险指标的关系。
IF 1.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.04.002
Oscar Zaragoza-García, Olivia Briceño, José Rafael Villafan-Bernal, Ilse Adriana Gutiérrez-Pérez, Héctor Ugo Rojas-Delgado, Gustavo Adolfo Alonso-Silverio, Antonio Alarcón-Paredes, José Eduardo Navarro-Zarza, Cristina Morales-Martínez, Rubén Rodríguez-García, Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán

Aim: The soluble scavenger receptor differentiation antigen 163 (sCD163), a monocyte/macrophage activation marker, is related to cardiovascular mortality in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate their relationship between serum levels of sCD163 with cardiovascular risk indicators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 80 women diagnosed with RA. The cardiovascular risks were determined using the lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, and QRISK3 calculator. For the assessment of RA activity, we evaluated the DAS28 with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The serum levels of sCD163 were determined by the ELISA method. Logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used to assess the association and predictive value of sCD163 with cardiovascular risk in RA patients.

Results: Levels of sCD163 were significantly higher in RA patients with high sensitivity protein C-reactive to HDL-c ratio (CHR)≥0.121 (p=0.003), total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio>7% (p=0.004), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio>3% (p=0.035), atherogenic index of plasma>0.21 (p=0.004), cardiometabolic index (CMI)≥1.70 (p=0.005), and high DAS28-ESR (p=0.004). In multivariate analysis, levels of sCD163≥1107.3ng/mL were associated with CHR≥0.121 (OR=3.43, p=0.020), CMI≥1.70 (OR=4.25, p=0.005), total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio>7% (OR=6.63, p=0.044), as well as with DAS28-ESR>3.2 (OR=8.10, p=0.008). Moreover, levels of sCD163 predicted CHR≥0.121 (AUC=0.701), cholesterol total/HDL ratio>7% (AUC=0.764), and DAS28-ESR>3.2 (AUC=0.720).

Conclusion: Serum levels of sCD163 could be considered a surrogate of cardiovascular risk and clinical activity in RA.

目的:可溶性清道夫受体分化抗原163(sCD163)是一种单核细胞/巨噬细胞活化标志物,与普通人群的心血管死亡率有关。本研究旨在评估类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清中 sCD163 水平与心血管风险指标之间的关系:方法:对 80 名确诊为 RA 的女性进行了横断面研究。方法:我们对 80 名确诊为 RA 的女性进行了横断面研究,并使用血脂概况、代谢综合征和 QRISK3 计算器确定了心血管风险。为了评估 RA 的活动性,我们评估了 DAS28 和红细胞沉降率(DAS28-ESR)。血清中 sCD163 的水平采用 ELISA 方法测定。我们使用逻辑回归模型和接收器操作特征曲线(ROC)评估了sCD163与RA患者心血管风险的相关性和预测价值:结果:高敏感蛋白 C 反应与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(CHR)≥0.121(P=0.003)、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值>7%(P=0.004)、LDL-c/HDL-c 比值>3%(p=0.035)、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数>0.21(p=0.004)、心脏代谢指数(CMI)≥1.70(p=0.005)、DAS28-ESR 偏高(p=0.004)。在多变量分析中,sCD163水平≥1107.3ng/mL与CHR≥0.121(OR=3.43,p=0.020)、CMI≥1.70(OR=4.25,p=0.005)、总胆固醇/HDL-c比值>7%(OR=6.63,p=0.044)以及DAS28-ESR>3.2(OR=8.10,p=0.008)相关。此外,sCD163水平可预测CHR≥0.121(AUC=0.701)、胆固醇总/高密度脂蛋白比率>7%(AUC=0.764)和DAS28-ESR>3.2(AUC=0.720):结论:血清sCD163水平可被视为RA心血管风险和临床活动的替代指标。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro 3D co-culture model of human endothelial and smooth muscle cells to study pathological vascular remodeling. 体外三维人内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞共培养模型,用于研究病理性血管重塑。
IF 1.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.007
Irene San Sebastián-Jaraba, María José Fernández-Gómez, Rafael Blázquez-Serra, Sandra Sanz-Andrea, Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio, Nerea Méndez-Barbero

Pathological vascular remodeling of the vessel wall refers to the structural and functional changes of the vessel wall that occur in response to injury that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease. The vessel wall is composed of two main types of cells, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, whose communication is crucial in both the development of the vasculature and the homeostasis of mature vessels. Changes in the dialogue between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are associated with various pathological states that triggers remodeling of the vascular wall. For many years, considerable efforts have been made to develop effective diagnoses and treatments for these pathologies by studying their mechanisms in both in vitro and in vivo models. Compared to animal models, in vitro models can provide great opportunities to obtain data in a more homogeneous, economical and massive way, providing an overview of the signaling pathways responsible for these pathologies. The implementation of three-dimensional in vitro co-culture models for the study of other pathologies has been postulated as a potentially applicable methodology, which determines the importance of its application in studies of cardiovascular diseases. In this article we present a method for culturing human endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, grown under non-adherent conditions, that generate three-dimensional spheroidal structures with greater physiological equivalence to in vivo conditions. This in vitro modeling could be used as a study tool to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathological processes underlying vascular remodeling.

血管壁的病理性血管重塑是指血管壁的结构和功能因损伤而发生变化,最终导致心血管疾病。血管壁主要由两类细胞组成,即内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞,它们之间的交流对血管的发育和成熟血管的平衡至关重要。内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞之间对话的变化与引发血管壁重塑的各种病理状态有关。多年来,人们一直致力于通过在体外和体内模型中研究这些病理机制来开发有效的诊断和治疗方法。与动物模型相比,体外模型能以更均匀、更经济、更大规模的方式获取数据,为了解导致这些病症的信号通路提供了绝佳机会。三维体外共培养模型被认为是研究其他病理的一种潜在适用方法,这决定了它在心血管疾病研究中应用的重要性。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了一种在非粘附条件下培养人内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的方法,这种方法能生成三维球形结构,与体内条件具有更高的生理等效性。这种体外建模可作为一种研究工具,用于确定血管重塑的病理过程所涉及的细胞和分子机制。
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引用次数: 0
Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis: Current and forthcoming impact? 动脉粥样硬化中的细胞外囊泡:当前和未来的影响?
IF 1.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.006
José A Páramo, Ana Cenarro, Fernando Civeira, Carmen Roncal

Atherosclerosis is the main pathogenic substrate for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Initially categorized as a passive cholesterol storage disease, nowadays, it is considered an active process, identifying inflammation among the key players for its initiation and progression. Despite these advances, patients with CVDs are still at high risk of thrombotic events and death, urging to deepen into the molecular mechanisms underlying atherogenesis, and to identify novel diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for their stratification. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been postulated as an alternative in search of novel biomarkers in atherosclerotic diseases, as well as to investigate the crosstalk between the cells participating in the processes leading to arterial remodelling. EVs are nanosized lipidic particles released by most cell types in physiological and pathological conditions, that enclose lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from parental cells reflecting their activation status. First considered cellular waste disposal systems, at present, EVs have been recognized as active effectors in a myriad of cellular processes, and as potential diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers also in CVDs. This review summarizes the role of EVs as potential biomarkers of CVDs, and their involvement into the processes leading to atherosclerosis.

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病(CVDs)的主要致病因素。动脉粥样硬化最初被认为是一种被动的胆固醇贮存疾病,如今则被认为是一种主动过程,炎症是动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的关键因素。尽管取得了这些进展,但心血管疾病患者仍然面临着血栓事件和死亡的高风险,这就需要深入研究动脉粥样硬化发生的分子机制,并确定新的诊断和预后生物标志物,以便对其进行分层。在这种情况下,细胞外囊泡(EVs)被认为是寻找动脉粥样硬化疾病新型生物标志物的一种替代方法,也是研究参与动脉重塑过程的细胞之间相互影响的一种方法。EVs是大多数细胞类型在生理和病理条件下释放的纳米级脂质颗粒,其中包含来自亲代细胞的脂质、蛋白质和核酸,反映了细胞的活化状态。EVs 最初被认为是细胞废物处理系统,目前已被认为是无数细胞过程中的活跃效应物,也是心血管疾病潜在的诊断和预后生物标志物。这篇综述总结了 EVs 作为心血管疾病潜在生物标志物的作用,以及它们参与导致动脉粥样硬化的过程。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical characterization and detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with extreme hyperalphalipoproteinemia. 极度高脂蛋白血症患者的临床特征和亚临床动脉粥样硬化的检测。
IF 1.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.005
Javier Espíldora-Hernández, Tania Díaz-Antonio, Jesús Olmedo-Llanes, Jesús Zarzuela León, José Rioja, Pedro Valdivielso, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Chaparro, María José Ariza

Introduction and objectives: The association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and death from cardiovascular disease follows a U-shaped pattern, increasing at the extremes. The objective of the study was to characterize a sample of subjects with extreme hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAE).

Material and methods: 53 cases with HAE were recruited, 24 women (HDL-C>135mg/ dL) and 29 men (HDL-C>116mg/ dL). A detailed medical history was taken and questionnaires on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity were collected. Carotid ultrasounds were performed to detect the presence of suclinical atherosclerosis.

Results: The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) was dyslipidemia (64%) with no significant differences between men and women, unlike hypertension (21% in women, versus 55% in men, p=0.01) and others CVRF, for example, diabetes. 7% of the series had previous cardiovascular disease, women had higher LDL cholesterol (p=0.002) and HDL-C than men (without significant differences). Plaque was detected in 53% of cases, being more prevalent in men. Patients with plaque were older, drank more alcohol and smoked more (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Men had a higher prevalence of CVRF than women, except for dyslipidemia. Subclinical atherosclerosis occurred in more than half of the series. Age, alcohol consumption and smoking were independently associated with the presence of plaque, however, our data do not show a significant influence of HDL-C levels.

导言和目标:高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平与心血管疾病导致的死亡之间的关系呈 "U "型,在极端情况下呈上升趋势。材料和方法:共招募了 53 例 HAE 患者,其中女性 24 例(HDL-C>135 毫克/分升),男性 29 例(HDL-C>116 毫克/分升)。研究人员详细询问了病史,并收集了关于地中海饮食习惯和体育锻炼情况的调查问卷。进行了颈动脉超声检查,以检测是否存在临床动脉粥样硬化:最常见的心血管风险因素(CVRF)是血脂异常(64%),与高血压(女性为 21%,男性为 55%,P=0.01)和其他心血管风险因素(如糖尿病)不同,男女之间没有明显差异。7%的患者曾患心血管疾病,女性的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P=0.002)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)高于男性(无明显差异)。53%的病例检测出斑块,男性发病率更高。有斑块的患者年龄较大,饮酒较多,吸烟较多(p结论:除血脂异常外,男性的 CVRF 患病率高于女性。半数以上的患者存在亚临床动脉粥样硬化。年龄、饮酒和吸烟与斑块的存在有独立关联,但我们的数据并未显示高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有显著影响。
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Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis
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