Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2024.3386348
Kai Sun
{"title":"Cascading Failures in Power Grids: Risk Assessment, Modeling, and Simulation [Newsfeed]","authors":"Kai Sun","doi":"10.1109/mele.2024.3386348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2024.3386348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2024.3386044
M. Kandidayeni, J. P. Trovão, L. Boulon, S. Kelouwani
The primary objective of an energy management strategy (EMS) in fuel cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is twofold: to minimize hydrogen consumption and to extend the lifetime of the power sources. However, these power sources are susceptible to degradation under various operational and ambient conditions, be it from cycling or calendar aging. To achieve optimal performance, the EMS must consider variations in the power sources’ characteristics due to degradation. This article succinctly discusses the necessity of employing a health-wise EMS and the indispensable tools it requires, such as health-monitoring techniques. Subsequently, the study investigates the impact of a health-wise EMS on the total operational cost of a low-speed urban FC-HEV truck through simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that health-wise EMSs can significantly reduce fuel consumption and mitigate FC and battery degradations, resulting in a noteworthy reduction in the total operational cost.
{"title":"Health-Wise Energy Management Strategies in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Tools to optimize performance and reduce operational costs","authors":"M. Kandidayeni, J. P. Trovão, L. Boulon, S. Kelouwani","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2024.3386044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2024.3386044","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of an energy management strategy (EMS) in fuel cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is twofold: to minimize hydrogen consumption and to extend the lifetime of the power sources. However, these power sources are susceptible to degradation under various operational and ambient conditions, be it from cycling or calendar aging. To achieve optimal performance, the EMS must consider variations in the power sources’ characteristics due to degradation. This article succinctly discusses the necessity of employing a health-wise EMS and the indispensable tools it requires, such as health-monitoring techniques. Subsequently, the study investigates the impact of a health-wise EMS on the total operational cost of a low-speed urban FC-HEV truck through simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that health-wise EMSs can significantly reduce fuel consumption and mitigate FC and battery degradations, resulting in a noteworthy reduction in the total operational cost.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2024.3386243
Marcelo Godoy Simões
{"title":"Norbert Wiener and the Age of Controls, Communications, and Cybernetics—Animal and Machine—in Electrical Engineering [History]","authors":"Marcelo Godoy Simões","doi":"10.1109/mele.2024.3386243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2024.3386243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2024.3385978
A. Bidram, Mathew J. Reno, Seyyed Ali Ghorashi Khalil Abadi, Miguel Jimenez Aparicio, Daniel Bauer
Microgrids (MGs) are driving us toward more resilient power grids. They can operate independently from the upstream power grids and provide a reliable source of power to their customers. Conventionally, ac MGs have been deployed to increase the reliability and resilience of power grids or provide power to remote areas where connection to an electric power grid is not possible. However, more recently, dc MGs have gained much attention due to a number of advantages. These advantages include a higher efficiency and power transfer ratio compared to their ac counterparts as well as simpler control and operation since, in dc systems, only voltage and power are the control objectives; the reactive power and frequency of ac systems are not of concern anymore. However, the dc MG still faces some control challenges, especially from the perspective of voltage regulation and power sharing. Moreover, the protection of dc MGs is more challenging than that of ac ones.
{"title":"Trends in dc Microgrids: From the control and protection perspective","authors":"A. Bidram, Mathew J. Reno, Seyyed Ali Ghorashi Khalil Abadi, Miguel Jimenez Aparicio, Daniel Bauer","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2024.3385978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2024.3385978","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids (MGs) are driving us toward more resilient power grids. They can operate independently from the upstream power grids and provide a reliable source of power to their customers. Conventionally, ac MGs have been deployed to increase the reliability and resilience of power grids or provide power to remote areas where connection to an electric power grid is not possible. However, more recently, dc MGs have gained much attention due to a number of advantages. These advantages include a higher efficiency and power transfer ratio compared to their ac counterparts as well as simpler control and operation since, in dc systems, only voltage and power are the control objectives; the reactive power and frequency of ac systems are not of concern anymore. However, the dc MG still faces some control challenges, especially from the perspective of voltage regulation and power sharing. Moreover, the protection of dc MGs is more challenging than that of ac ones.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2024.3386037
Aravind Ingalalli, S. Kamalasadan
Climate change has resulted in an increase in the frequency and intensity of weather-related events, leading to compounded economic damages. According to a report from the Deloitte Economics Institute, implementing no action on climate change can cost the United States economy as high as US${$}$14.5 trillion by 2070. Furthermore, the same economy can gain US${$}$3 trillion, provided decarbonization targets are met in the next five years. On the other side, distributed energy resources (DERs), such as photovoltaic generation and wind generation, along with battery energy storage can offer clean energy solutions to meet the decarbonization targets. The decreasing total cost of ownership means that the integration of DERs is increasing in the modern power distribution network. Such rapid integration of DERs offers an opportunity to accomplish sustainability and resiliency goals, thereby creating value for the concerned stakeholders.
气候变化导致与天气有关的事件发生频率和强度增加，从而造成更严重的经济损失。根据德勤经济研究所的一份报告，到2070年，如果不对气候变化采取行动，美国经济的损失将高达14.5万亿美元。此外，如果在未来五年内实现去碳化目标，同样的经济也能获得 3 万亿美元的收益。另一方面，分布式能源资源（DER），如光伏发电和风力发电，以及电池储能，可以为实现去碳化目标提供清洁能源解决方案。总拥有成本的降低意味着 DER 在现代配电网络中的集成度不断提高。DER 的快速集成为实现可持续性和弹性目标提供了机会，从而为相关利益方创造价值。
{"title":"Grid Decentralization: A unified controller for distributed energy resource-dominated grid operation","authors":"Aravind Ingalalli, S. Kamalasadan","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2024.3386037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2024.3386037","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has resulted in an increase in the frequency and intensity of weather-related events, leading to compounded economic damages. According to a report from the Deloitte Economics Institute, implementing no action on climate change can cost the United States economy as high as US<inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${$}$</tex-math></inline-formula>14.5 trillion by 2070. Furthermore, the same economy can gain US<inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${$}$</tex-math></inline-formula>3 trillion, provided decarbonization targets are met in the next five years. On the other side, distributed energy resources (DERs), such as photovoltaic generation and wind generation, along with battery energy storage can offer clean energy solutions to meet the decarbonization targets. The decreasing total cost of ownership means that the integration of DERs is increasing in the modern power distribution network. Such rapid integration of DERs offers an opportunity to accomplish sustainability and resiliency goals, thereby creating value for the concerned stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2024.3386036
Christopher L. Peralta, Hoang P. Dang, Hugo N. Villegas Pico
The design of legacy-line protection elements has been guided by the behavior of synchronous machines during faults. Because of the significant field-winding inductance and rotating mass, the magnitude, angular frequency, and phase angle of the back-electromotive force (EMF) voltage waveforms of synchronous machines remain practically constant for several hundreds of milliseconds after a fault occurs. This has facilitated the engineering of the memory-polarization technique in mho distance elements, which has been effective for machine-dominant power grids. However, this assumption is no longer held for inverter-based resources (IBRs) because of the lack of field winding and moment of inertia in power electronics devices. Notably, the negative-sequence directional overcurrent protection and the quadrilateral distance elements have been impacted by early IBRs with grid-following (GFL) controls because they did not inject negative-sequence currents during asymmetrical faults.
{"title":"Searching for Grid-Forming Technologies That Do Not Impact Protection Systems: A promising technology","authors":"Christopher L. Peralta, Hoang P. Dang, Hugo N. Villegas Pico","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2024.3386036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2024.3386036","url":null,"abstract":"The design of legacy-line protection elements has been guided by the behavior of synchronous machines during faults. Because of the significant field-winding inductance and rotating mass, the magnitude, angular frequency, and phase angle of the back-electromotive force (EMF) voltage waveforms of synchronous machines remain practically constant for several hundreds of milliseconds after a fault occurs. This has facilitated the engineering of the memory-polarization technique in mho distance elements, which has been effective for machine-dominant power grids. However, this assumption is no longer held for inverter-based resources (IBRs) because of the lack of field winding and moment of inertia in power electronics devices. Notably, the negative-sequence directional overcurrent protection and the quadrilateral distance elements have been impacted by early IBRs with grid-following (GFL) controls because they did not inject negative-sequence currents during asymmetrical faults.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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