Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291182
Saifur Rahman
In the 10 years since I founded this magazine, it has grown both in depth and breadth. Electrification has now become synonymous with decarbonization, which is a major tool in addressing climate change. As the society moves away from using fossil fuel for end-use applications, like internal combustion engines, boilers and furnaces for space heating, gas water heating, and gas cooking stoves, etc., electrification becomes the preferred alternative. But heavy electrification comes with its own challenges, which I will discuss in the following.
{"title":"Celebrate the 10th Anniversary of <i>IEEE Electrification Magazine</i> and Embrace a New Era [10th Anniversary Celebration]","authors":"Saifur Rahman","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291182","url":null,"abstract":"In the 10 years since I founded this magazine, it has grown both in depth and breadth. Electrification has now become synonymous with decarbonization, which is a major tool in addressing climate change. As the society moves away from using fossil fuel for end-use applications, like internal combustion engines, boilers and furnaces for space heating, gas water heating, and gas cooking stoves, etc., electrification becomes the preferred alternative. But heavy electrification comes with its own challenges, which I will discuss in the following.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291195
Janne Paananen
The intermittent nature of power generation from variable renewable energy sources is a well-understood and discussed topic in public. When an increasing number of variable renewable energy sources become connected to the electricity grid, more assets for balancing and flexibility are required to level out the variations in production of electricity. These variations are typically predictable based on wind and solar radiation forecasts and typically last for hours or days. Therefore, this long-term balancing relies on energy-intensive assets that can provide flexibility or balancing for long durations, while the speed of response is not critical.
{"title":"Grid-Interactive Data Centers Enabling Energy Transition: Data center’s hidden potential to provide essential grid services of a future power system","authors":"Janne Paananen","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291195","url":null,"abstract":"The intermittent nature of power generation from variable renewable energy sources is a well-understood and discussed topic in public. When an increasing number of variable renewable energy sources become connected to the electricity grid, more assets for balancing and flexibility are required to level out the variations in production of electricity. These variations are typically predictable based on wind and solar radiation forecasts and typically last for hours or days. Therefore, this long-term balancing relies on energy-intensive assets that can provide flexibility or balancing for long durations, while the speed of response is not critical.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291254
Arturo Di Filippi
Meeting ever-increasing capacity demands has emerged as a perceptual challenge for the data center industry. The continuous digitalization of businesses and society necessitates further capacity expansion, despite substantial investments in new infrastructure over the past five years. According to the Dell’Oro Group, investments in hyperscale data centers are projected to double in the next five years.
{"title":"Transforming Data Center Power Infrastructure: Embracing dynamic grid support and fuel cell solutions","authors":"Arturo Di Filippi","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291254","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting ever-increasing capacity demands has emerged as a perceptual challenge for the data center industry. The continuous digitalization of businesses and society necessitates further capacity expansion, despite substantial investments in new infrastructure over the past five years. According to the Dell’Oro Group, investments in hyperscale data centers are projected to double in the next five years.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291255
Brij Singh, Emily Cousineau, Paul Paret, Kevin Bennion, Sreekant Narumanchi
Electrification of drivetrain systems is now seen as a major opportunity by the transportation industry across the globe to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and revolutionize the travel patterns of millions of people. The cumulative number of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles (EVs) sold in the United States has now surpassed 2 million in 2021, according to the International Energy Agency. The introduction of EVs in different classes of passenger vehicles and the continued drop in prices spurred by government incentives have attracted the attention of consumers despite certain barriers, such as higher initial cost and range anxiety. In the United States, the EV market share is now growing at an exponential pace, with the domestic automakers allocating a lion’s share of new and future car sales to EVs. Additionally, different market studies project decreasing cost and rising sales of medium- and heavy-duty electric trucks. Although electrification initiatives are strongly pursued in the on-road passenger vehicle market, off-highway sectors, such as construction, mining, and agriculture, are also gradually implementing electric drivetrain technologies in their machineries. As EVs grow in popularity on a global scale, innovative drivetrain technologies must meet the increasing energy demand by significantly increasing system efficiency.
{"title":"Silicon Carbide Inverter for Off-Road Heavy-Duty Applications: The importance of thermal and thermomechanical design in power electronics packaging","authors":"Brij Singh, Emily Cousineau, Paul Paret, Kevin Bennion, Sreekant Narumanchi","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291255","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification of drivetrain systems is now seen as a major opportunity by the transportation industry across the globe to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and revolutionize the travel patterns of millions of people. The cumulative number of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles (EVs) sold in the United States has now surpassed 2 million in 2021, according to the International Energy Agency. The introduction of EVs in different classes of passenger vehicles and the continued drop in prices spurred by government incentives have attracted the attention of consumers despite certain barriers, such as higher initial cost and range anxiety. In the United States, the EV market share is now growing at an exponential pace, with the domestic automakers allocating a lion’s share of new and future car sales to EVs. Additionally, different market studies project decreasing cost and rising sales of medium- and heavy-duty electric trucks. Although electrification initiatives are strongly pursued in the on-road passenger vehicle market, off-highway sectors, such as construction, mining, and agriculture, are also gradually implementing electric drivetrain technologies in their machineries. As EVs grow in popularity on a global scale, innovative drivetrain technologies must meet the increasing energy demand by significantly increasing system efficiency.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291189
Iqbal Husain
Modern society is based on a stable supply of energy and especially electrical energy. But our planet’s energy needs and sources are changing drastically. New technologies are rapidly evolving through the current global electrification revolution which are driving up the demand for electricity. Much of the emerging technologies in transportation and distributed energy resources (DER) are strongly influenced by decarbonization goals to address global energy supply challenges and environmental concerns. In transportation, global electric vehicles (EVs) sales exceeded 10 million units in 2022 and are projected to grow by 35% in 2023. We may be seeing thousands of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles, i.e., four passenger capacity eVTOL air-vehicles, flying in cities in the next decade. Renewable energy integration into the power grid, particularly that of wind and solar, are increasing at an unprecedented rate, with many countries around the world setting net-zero and clean energy targets for the next two decades. In December 2022, the state of South Australia set a new record for renewable energy generation and resilience after running entirely on renewable energy for 10 consecutive days and exported excess electricity to a neighboring state. So how can you keep up with the electrification revolution and related technological advancements?
{"title":"<i>IEEE Electrification Magazine</i> at Its Best: Bridging the Gap Between Technical and Nontechnical [10th Anniversary Celebration]","authors":"Iqbal Husain","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291189","url":null,"abstract":"Modern society is based on a stable supply of energy and especially electrical energy. But our planet’s energy needs and sources are changing drastically. New technologies are rapidly evolving through the current global electrification revolution which are driving up the demand for electricity. Much of the emerging technologies in transportation and distributed energy resources (DER) are strongly influenced by decarbonization goals to address global energy supply challenges and environmental concerns. In transportation, global electric vehicles (EVs) sales exceeded 10 million units in 2022 and are projected to grow by 35% in 2023. We may be seeing thousands of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles, i.e., four passenger capacity eVTOL air-vehicles, flying in cities in the next decade. Renewable energy integration into the power grid, particularly that of wind and solar, are increasing at an unprecedented rate, with many countries around the world setting net-zero and clean energy targets for the next two decades. In December 2022, the state of South Australia set a new record for renewable energy generation and resilience after running entirely on renewable energy for 10 consecutive days and exported excess electricity to a neighboring state. So how can you keep up with the electrification revolution and related technological advancements?","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291288
Marcelo Godoy Simões
Induction machines have a robust construction and relatively low manufacturing cost. Induction machines are more economical when compared with synchronous machines or permanent magnet (PM) machines.
感应电机结构坚固，制造成本相对较低。感应电机比同步电机或永磁(PM)电机更经济。
{"title":"A Concise History of Induction Motor Drives—Part 2 [History]","authors":"Marcelo Godoy Simões","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291288","url":null,"abstract":"Induction machines have a robust construction and relatively low manufacturing cost. Induction machines are more economical when compared with synchronous machines or permanent magnet (PM) machines.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291193
Stuart Sheehan, Alexander Rakow
For decades, data center operators have been drawn to the eastern stretches of Oregon and Washington State, USA. In contrast to the coastal climate that most people conjure when thinking of the Pacific Northwest, the land east of the Cascade Mountains is relatively flat, dry in the summer, and snowy in the winter. Affordable prices for land, tax breaks, and cheap hydroelectric power have made the region one of the main hubs of data center development in the United States, with Amazon, Apple, Google, Meta, and Microsoft all investing in multiple campuses.
{"title":"Evolving a Data Center Into a Microgrid: Industry perspectives and lessons learned","authors":"Stuart Sheehan, Alexander Rakow","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291193","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, data center operators have been drawn to the eastern stretches of Oregon and Washington State, USA. In contrast to the coastal climate that most people conjure when thinking of the Pacific Northwest, the land east of the Cascade Mountains is relatively flat, dry in the summer, and snowy in the winter. Affordable prices for land, tax breaks, and cheap hydroelectric power have made the region one of the main hubs of data center development in the United States, with Amazon, Apple, Google, Meta, and Microsoft all investing in multiple campuses.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3291509
Parag Mitra
The increased reliance on digital services, growth of big data analytics, and popularity of cloud-based services, among other things, have led to the recent boom in data centers. North America leads the world in the total number of installed data centers, and it is estimated that the total installed peak megawatt (MW) capacity is around 4,458 MW, with another 1,144 MW under construction according to the latest assessment by CBRE, a commercial real estate services and investment firm based in North America. Notably, the Silicon Valley (California), Northern Virginia, Atlanta (Georgia), and Hillsboro (Oregon) regions in the United States are seeing significant new construction of data centers.
{"title":"Transmission Planning and Large Data Centers [View Point]","authors":"Parag Mitra","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3291509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3291509","url":null,"abstract":"The increased reliance on digital services, growth of big data analytics, and popularity of cloud-based services, among other things, have led to the recent boom in data centers. North America leads the world in the total number of installed data centers, and it is estimated that the total installed peak megawatt (MW) capacity is around 4,458 MW, with another 1,144 MW under construction according to the latest assessment by CBRE, a commercial real estate services and investment firm based in North America. Notably, the Silicon Valley (California), Northern Virginia, Atlanta (Georgia), and Hillsboro (Oregon) regions in the United States are seeing significant new construction of data centers.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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