Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2023.3264926
Sohaib Qazi, P. Venugopal, G. Rietveld, T. Soeiro, U. Shipurkar, A. Grasman, A. Watson, P. Wheeler
The exponential increase in Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels over the past few decades have swayed the transportation sector toward becoming more electric. In the last decade, with continuous improvements in battery technology and interfacing power electronics, there has been immense progress in the electrification of land-based transport. As their electrification gains pace, the focus is shifting toward greening other forms of transport, such as maritime and aviation sectors, since they contribute substantially to the total carbon footprint. The marine sector has witnessed huge growth in recent years because of the development of international trade, wherein it plays an essential role in the transportation of goods across the globe. The variation in ship sizes, types, and routes—along with their grid-distant nature and water-borne operation—distinguishes them from terrestrial electric vehicles. This gives rise to a multitude of unique challenges on board as well as at the ports that they operate around. Power electronics is one of the key enabling technologies in tackling these challenges and thereby creating safe, reliable, and emission-free maritime transport.
{"title":"Powering Maritime: Challenges and prospects in ship electrification","authors":"Sohaib Qazi, P. Venugopal, G. Rietveld, T. Soeiro, U. Shipurkar, A. Grasman, A. Watson, P. Wheeler","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3264926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3264926","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential increase in Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels over the past few decades have swayed the transportation sector toward becoming more electric. In the last decade, with continuous improvements in battery technology and interfacing power electronics, there has been immense progress in the electrification of land-based transport. As their electrification gains pace, the focus is shifting toward greening other forms of transport, such as maritime and aviation sectors, since they contribute substantially to the total carbon footprint. The marine sector has witnessed huge growth in recent years because of the development of international trade, wherein it plays an essential role in the transportation of goods across the globe. The variation in ship sizes, types, and routes—along with their grid-distant nature and water-borne operation—distinguishes them from terrestrial electric vehicles. This gives rise to a multitude of unique challenges on board as well as at the ports that they operate around. Power electronics is one of the key enabling technologies in tackling these challenges and thereby creating safe, reliable, and emission-free maritime transport.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79253895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3264888
Marcelo Godoy Simões
{"title":"A Concise History of Induction Motor Drives—Part 1 [History]","authors":"Marcelo Godoy Simões","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3264888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3264888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75315552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2023.3264920
Julian Stähler, C. Markgraf, Mathias Pechinger, D. Gao
Mobility is fundamental for the wealth and health of the world’s population, and it has a significant influence on our daily life. However, with the increasing complexity of traffic, the need to transport goods, and growing urbanization, improving the quality of mobility in terms of time, space, and air becomes more challenging. An autonomous electric vehicle offers technology and potential for new mobility concepts in smart cities. Today, many vehicles have been developed with automated driving capabilities. A safety driver is still required to intervene in most cases if the autonomous electric vehicle is not able to handle a situation in a safe and, at the same time, reliable way. One important aspect to achieve safety and reliability goals is a robust and efficient perception of the vehicle’s environment. The tragic accident involving an Uber self-driving car killing a pedestrian in 2018 highlighted the importance of perception in autonomous driving. In its investigation, the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board found that the Uber self-driving car and its safety driver involved in the accident failed to detect the pedestrian at the same time. Since this accident, the autonomous vehicle industry has been working to improve perception systems through the use of advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and other technologies. A variety of sensor technologies are used in vehicles to detect objects and perceive the vehicles’ surroundings. Cameras and radars are among the widely used technologies for sensing systems, as they are cheap and reliable, and as these sensors are operating at different wavelengths, they are not susceptible to common errors. While some companies solely use cameras and radars, others also use lidars in their sensing systems. These sensors are widely used in the industry, and the technology itself is continuously enhanced, leading to new developments, such as 4D lidar, which are capable of measuring not only the distance of an object but also its velocity by evaluating the phase shift of the returned light. Various methods for the perception of the environment exist and rely on different kinds of sensors. Machine learning-based methods have evolved rapidly in recent years and are currently leading the field in perception, particularly in the tasks of object detection and classification.
{"title":"High-Performance Perception: A camera-based approach for smart autonomous electric vehicles in smart cities","authors":"Julian Stähler, C. Markgraf, Mathias Pechinger, D. Gao","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3264920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3264920","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility is fundamental for the wealth and health of the world’s population, and it has a significant influence on our daily life. However, with the increasing complexity of traffic, the need to transport goods, and growing urbanization, improving the quality of mobility in terms of time, space, and air becomes more challenging. An autonomous electric vehicle offers technology and potential for new mobility concepts in smart cities. Today, many vehicles have been developed with automated driving capabilities. A safety driver is still required to intervene in most cases if the autonomous electric vehicle is not able to handle a situation in a safe and, at the same time, reliable way. One important aspect to achieve safety and reliability goals is a robust and efficient perception of the vehicle’s environment. The tragic accident involving an Uber self-driving car killing a pedestrian in 2018 highlighted the importance of perception in autonomous driving. In its investigation, the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board found that the Uber self-driving car and its safety driver involved in the accident failed to detect the pedestrian at the same time. Since this accident, the autonomous vehicle industry has been working to improve perception systems through the use of advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and other technologies. A variety of sensor technologies are used in vehicles to detect objects and perceive the vehicles’ surroundings. Cameras and radars are among the widely used technologies for sensing systems, as they are cheap and reliable, and as these sensors are operating at different wavelengths, they are not susceptible to common errors. While some companies solely use cameras and radars, others also use lidars in their sensing systems. These sensors are widely used in the industry, and the technology itself is continuously enhanced, leading to new developments, such as 4D lidar, which are capable of measuring not only the distance of an object but also its velocity by evaluating the phase shift of the returned light. Various methods for the perception of the environment exist and rely on different kinds of sensors. Machine learning-based methods have evolved rapidly in recent years and are currently leading the field in perception, particularly in the tasks of object detection and classification.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72536603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2023.3264889
Joshua Sabata, S. Shom, Ahmad Almaghrebi, A. Mccollister, M. Alahmad
All-Electric Vehicles (EVs), BATTERY-powered EVs (BEVs), and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVS) are gaining market share and increasing in popularity with the buying public because the battery range (longer) and cost (lower) have reached sweet spots, the charging infrastructure is more robust, and concern with global climate change is high. In 2013, only 100,000 EVs were sold in the United States, but by 2022, approximately 800,000 have been purchased. A similar growth is seen in EV supply equipment (EVSE), i.e., EV charging stations, with 19,742 documented EV charging station locations in the United States in 2013 to 50,054 documented EV charging station locations, with approximately 130,000 ports, by the end of 2022.
{"title":"Incentivizing Electric Vehicle Adoption Through State and Federal Policies: Reviewing influential policies","authors":"Joshua Sabata, S. Shom, Ahmad Almaghrebi, A. Mccollister, M. Alahmad","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3264889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3264889","url":null,"abstract":"All-Electric Vehicles (EVs), BATTERY-powered EVs (BEVs), and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVS) are gaining market share and increasing in popularity with the buying public because the battery range (longer) and cost (lower) have reached sweet spots, the charging infrastructure is more robust, and concern with global climate change is high. In 2013, only 100,000 EVs were sold in the United States, but by 2022, approximately 800,000 have been purchased. A similar growth is seen in EV supply equipment (EVSE), i.e., EV charging stations, with 19,742 documented EV charging station locations in the United States in 2013 to 50,054 documented EV charging station locations, with approximately 130,000 ports, by the end of 2022.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77902520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2023.3264929
M. Tefferi, Nick Nakamura, Brad Barnes, N. Uzelac
Power systems are experiencing a significant transformation with the implementation of emerging technologies to face 21st-century challenges such as decarbonization, digitization, and decentralization. The penetration of renewable energy is increasing worldwide, and initiatives such as distributed energy resource (DER)-based microgrids play a vital role in generating electrical power with fewer environmental impacts.
{"title":"Supraharmonic Measurements in Distributed Energy Resources: Power quality observations in a microgrid","authors":"M. Tefferi, Nick Nakamura, Brad Barnes, N. Uzelac","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3264929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3264929","url":null,"abstract":"Power systems are experiencing a significant transformation with the implementation of emerging technologies to face 21st-century challenges such as decarbonization, digitization, and decentralization. The penetration of renewable energy is increasing worldwide, and initiatives such as distributed energy resource (DER)-based microgrids play a vital role in generating electrical power with fewer environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78654162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3264930
Daniel Toland
{"title":"From Legos to Microgrids: One Student’s Journey to Becoming the Engineer He Is Meant to Be [Newsfeed]","authors":"Daniel Toland","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3264930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3264930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74445344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2023.3264921
C. Markgraf, Luca Gacy, Samuel Leitenmaier, Daniel Lengerer, Benjamin Schwartz, D. Gao
As the electric drive finds its way progressively into important industry sectors like mobility, transportation, agriculture, production, and supporting services, it becomes increasingly important to have individually optimized technical solutions for the manifold applications. Therefore, a high number of engineers with interdisciplinary competencies will be needed soon to comply with the demand of the worldwide markets. A key component for an often-used variant of the electric drivetrain is the full-bridge inverter, which is subject to a wide spectrum of different requirements. In 2021, the University of Denver (DU), started a cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences Augsburg (UASA) to develop a full-bridge inverter for an autonomous, electrical Formula Student race car, using four permanent magnet synchronous machines as an all-wheel drive. To improve the performance of the race car, the inverter must be lightweight, package optimized, electromagnetic compatibility compliant, safe, and reliable when it distributes a maximum of 80 kW instantaneous power from the battery at a voltage between 420 V and 600 V individually to the four wheels. This article documents the inverter development process using silicon carbide MOSFET power modules, with the goal of using future results in the race car and the knowledge transfer for the education of engineering students. This transatlantic partnership between DU and UASA also serves as a success story for intercontinental collaborative development based on modern communication and decentralized development techniques.
{"title":"Autonomous Electric Race Car Inverter Development: Revving up the future with resource efficient drive technology","authors":"C. Markgraf, Luca Gacy, Samuel Leitenmaier, Daniel Lengerer, Benjamin Schwartz, D. Gao","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3264921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3264921","url":null,"abstract":"As the electric drive finds its way progressively into important industry sectors like mobility, transportation, agriculture, production, and supporting services, it becomes increasingly important to have individually optimized technical solutions for the manifold applications. Therefore, a high number of engineers with interdisciplinary competencies will be needed soon to comply with the demand of the worldwide markets. A key component for an often-used variant of the electric drivetrain is the full-bridge inverter, which is subject to a wide spectrum of different requirements. In 2021, the University of Denver (DU), started a cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences Augsburg (UASA) to develop a full-bridge inverter for an autonomous, electrical Formula Student race car, using four permanent magnet synchronous machines as an all-wheel drive. To improve the performance of the race car, the inverter must be lightweight, package optimized, electromagnetic compatibility compliant, safe, and reliable when it distributes a maximum of 80 kW instantaneous power from the battery at a voltage between 420 V and 600 V individually to the four wheels. This article documents the inverter development process using silicon carbide MOSFET power modules, with the goal of using future results in the race car and the knowledge transfer for the education of engineering students. This transatlantic partnership between DU and UASA also serves as a success story for intercontinental collaborative development based on modern communication and decentralized development techniques.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88429110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mele.2023.3264887
Lingling Fan
{"title":"Launching a New Column and More [From the Editor]","authors":"Lingling Fan","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3264887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3264887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89156051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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