Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

Background: We sought to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and coping skills in adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), together with potential predictive factors.Method: Two hundred seventy-five participants (144 diagnosed with ADHD and 131 healthy controls) were included in the study. All participants were evaluated via DSM-5-based psychiatric examinations. Smartphone addiction levels were assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and coping skills were evaluated using the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY). The scores were then subjected to statistical comparisons.Results: Higher SAS-SV scores were observed in the adolescents with ADHD compared to the control group (p = 0.047). Significant positive correlations were found between cognitive avoidance (CAV) (p < 0.001, r = 0.377) and behavioural avoidance (BAV) (p < 0.001, r = 0.297) in the ADHD group. In contrast, significant negative correlations were found with Problem-solving (PROB) (p = 0.001, r =-0.281) and assistance-seeking (ASK) (p = 0.013, r = -0.206). Following model analysis, CAV emerged as a significant positive predictor of SAS-SV scores, and PROB as a significant negative predictor (p =0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively).Conclusions: The decrease in coping skills in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD was associated with an increase in smartphone addiction. Additionally, increased cognitive avoidance and low problem-solving skills also predicted addiction.

Background: Eating Disorders (ED) are prevalent in female adolescents and have far-reaching effects on daily participation and quality of life (QoL). Daily participation highly depends on Executive Functions (EF). Existing knowledge about EF in ED, as expressed in real life, is not fully documented or clear.Aim: We aimed to (i) characterise literature on EF deficits in ED among female adolescents; (ii) examine common methodologies of evaluating EED difficulties; (iii) identify literature gaps regarding EF implications on daily participation and QoL; and (iv) clarify concepts pertaining EF's role in ED to optimise rehabilitation.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using thematic synthesis to analyse relevant studies from four databases, covering the period between January 2000 and December 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Research Checklist tool. We followed the guidelines of the PRISMA statement.Results: Forty-four articles met the inclusion criteria, 79.5% showed significant evidence of EF deficits in female adolescents with ED. Up to 19% of adolescents with ED showed EF deficits that explained ED symptomatology, reduced daily participation, and deteriorated QoL. Most studies used neuropsychological tools to measure EF. Ecological measurements that reflect EF implications on daily life were rarely used.Conclusion: ED rehabilitation should integrate ecological measures to evaluate EF implications on daily life. This approach is specifically relevant during adolescence to optimise development, daily participation, and QoL.

Introduction: Resilience is central to young children's healthy and happy development. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) has been widely used in several countries. However, its construct validity among young children in rural South Africa has not been examined. We investigated the construct structure of the CYRM-R for foundation-phase learners (i.e., grades R/0-3) in rural primary schools in South Africa.Methods: The CYRM-R was translated into the local language Setswana and tested on 1 088 learners attending 10 schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged rural communities in the North West province. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the CYRM-R scale and examine its construct structure.Results: Our findings suggested a two-factor (i.e., personal resilience, caregiver resilience) structure of the CYRM-R with some items removed or reclassified as preferable or relative to other examined solutions. CFA results showed that the optimal model represents a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.037, CFI = 0.929, TFI = 0.915), explaining 83.4% of the variance.Conclusion: The Setswana version of the CYRM-R is a reliable and valid measure of resilience in young children in a rural South African context and can be used to assess resilience in young children in Setswana-speaking populations.

Background: Telephone crisis intervention is a readily available and discreet method through which troubled youths can seek assistance.Objective: We aimed to design an intervention training package to be used by telephone counselling system experts working with children and adolescents at risk of suicide and its preliminary evaluation. Method: Currently available guidelines and related articles were reviewed performing an extensive search across the databases of PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 2003 to August 2024, and examined the reference lists of included articles to identify additional studies. After developing the initial content of the manual, we evaluated and recorded the face validity and content validity of the training package as informed by a group of specialists and experts.Results: The training package showed good content and face validity. Following feedback, the content of the initial training package was revised, and the final package was prepared.Conclusion: This training package can be used as a valid manual by experts working at crisis lines to acquire the necessary information and skills to assist children and adolescents at risk of suicide. Further research is needed to assess the feasibility and utility of the package in real-world practice.

Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with loneliness among adolescent students in three South Asian countries.Methods: We used data from the latest Global School-Based Health Survey of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. A two-stage cluster sampling design was used to collect the cross-sectional survey data. Data from 8 089 in-school adolescents were analysed using STATA 14.0.Results: Among all the participants, the prevalence of loneliness was 14.9%. The prevalence of loneliness was significantly higher in females (19.7%), Afghan adolescents (35.5%), participants having anxiety-induced sleep disturbance (51.4%), often experiencing bullying (28.9%), feeling hungry often or always (23.9%), suffering parental emotional neglect (21.2%), and spending ≥ 8 hours/day leisure time (35.8%), than their counterparts. The final adjusted model of multiple logistic regression showed that females (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02 -1.80), having no close friends (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.30 - 3.10), having an anxiety-induced sleep disturbance (OR = 5.25, 95% CI: 3.75 - 7.34), being bullied 1 to 2 days in the past month (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.60 - 2.84), being physically attacked 2 or more times in the past year (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.26 - 2.26), suffering parental emotional neglect (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.18-2.34), and current tobacco user (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.39 - 5.25) had significantly higher odds of having loneliness.Conclusion: We found a higher prevalence of loneliness and identified several risk factors among in-school adolescents in three South Asian countries. To reduce loneliness among in-school adolescents, target-oriented interventions, such as peer, parental, and counselling support, are needed at schools.

Background: Young people with an Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD) often face ineffective and exclusionary post-school transition practices, leading to poor mental health in early adulthood.Objective: This scoping review aimed to map existing literature on mental health for young people with IDD during the post-school transition period including how IDD and mental health are characterised in this context and the extent to which community members with lived experience are included in the design and/or production of research.Methods: In collaboration with a co-researcher, we used the JBI framework and PRISMA guidelines in accordance with a published protocol. A tiered search was conducted in PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC, Web of Science, and Family and Society Studies Worldwide.Findings: The search identified 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Articles were published between 2011 and 2023 and conducted across four countries. Thirteen applied a quantitative study design, eight were qualitative, three used a mixed-methods design, and the remaining were reviews. Most articles focused on autism. The majority discussed mental health in terms of its impact on transitioning from school or as a co-occurring condition.Conclusions: There is a growing body of literature highlighting the challenges young people with disabilities face when transitioning from high school. However, there is a notable gap in the representation of diverse IDD populations and mental health emerged variably, often as an incidental finding rather than a primary focus.

Background: Indigenous children and adolescents experience life circumstances that significantly affect their social and emotional well-being (SEWB) and limit their capacity to fulfil their potential. This contributes to inequities in health, education, employment, and justice system involvement.Aim: We aimed to synthesise the existing literature to comprehensively understand the protective and risk factors for SEWB of Indigenous youth in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (CANZUS).Methods: We conducted a systematic search of English literature using Google Scholar, Scopus, Informit, HealthInfonet, and PubMed.Results: Sixty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The identified risk and protective factors were mapped according to seven thematic and interconnected areas including connection to the (a) body; (b) mind and emotions; (c) family and kinship; (d) community; (e and f) culture, country, and land (place/space); and (g) ancestry and spirituality.Conclusions: Indigenous peoples' perceptions of SEWB differ from traditional Western conceptualisations of health. Their perceptions carry a culturally distinct meaning, which is largely shared by Indigenous peoples across the CANZUS societies. An understanding of risk and protective factors for SEWB can inform targeted policy and public health practice frameworks aimed at improving Indigenous youth's health and well-being.

Background: Transgender and gender expansive (TGE) people experience poorer mental health outcomes compared to their cisgender counterparts. There is limited research on understanding the experiences of TGE school-aged young people from an Australian perspective. Since each country and state has different cultures, laws, and access to gender-affirming care research considering these differences is imperative.Methods: To address this gap, we used a qualitative design to explore the oppression of Australian TGE young people. Sixteen TGE participants (aged 14-17) completed individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.Results: Three superordinate themes were identified: (1) oppression within the education system; (2) oppression within the medical and allied health system; and (3) oppression within the family system. The findings highlight the various settings and contexts of oppression young people encounter. We identified what must change for a more equitable society and advocate for the implementation of gender-affirming change.Discussion and conclusion: This study contributes to the dearth of TGE adolescents's experiences and provides practical implications for society, especially in relation to the education, medical, and family systems. The implications include advocacy for more research in Australia and the inclusion of adolescents in policy reform. Limitations of this study and future directions are discussed.