Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

Background: Adolescents in West Sumatra's coastal regions face elevated mental health challenges, yet limited research examines self-esteem's protective role in these unique environments.Objective: This study examined the influence of self-esteem and related factors on adolescent mental health in coastal West Sumatra, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study involving 295 adolescents (mean age = 16.2 years) utilised the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Self-Report Questionnaire 29 to assess self-esteem and mental health symptoms. Data were analysed using t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression.Results: Self-esteem was negatively correlated with neurosis (r = -0.452), psychosis (r = -0.205), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (r = -0.333). Females exhibited higher neurosis (p = 0.001) and PTSS (p = 0.022). Higher maternal education was associated with fewer psychotic symptoms (p = 0.006). Regression analyses confirmed self-esteem as a significant negative predictor of neurosis (β = -0.426, p < 0.001), psychosis (β = -0.177, p = 0.003), and PTSS (β = -0.375, p = 0.063). Sex was positively associated with neurosis (β = 0.169, p = 0.001) and PTSS (β = -0.139, p = 0.011), while it was negatively associated with psychoactive symptoms (β = -0.154, p = 0.009). No significant interaction between self-esteem and sex was found. Additionally, maternal education predicted psychosis (β = -0.156, p = 0.006), and school origin predicted PTSS (β = -0.139, p= 0.011).Conclusion: Self-esteem played a protective role in adolescent mental health in coastal areas. Sex-specific vulnerabilities and maternal education levels also contributed significantly. Interventions should focus on enhancing self-esteem and addressing sex and educational factors to promote better mental health outcomes among adolescents.

Background: Parent-infant psychotherapy is a therapeutic intervention intended to address problems in the parent-infant relationship. In Newcastle Upon Tyne, a family-centred charity, Children North East, began delivering parent-infant psychotherapy in 2017, to support parents and infant relationships by addressing unconscious elements of behaviour which can create relational trauma.Objective: A formative service evaluation explored parents' experiences of the Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Parent-Infant Partnership service, alongside wider healthcare professionals' perspectives of service delivery and impact on the parents and relationship with their babies.Methods: Interviews were undertaken with parents (n = 10) who had previously engaged with the service and healthcare professionals (n = 6) who had referred parents to Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Parent-Infant Partnership.Results: The interviews highlighted a flexible and relational approach to therapy sessions, which created a positive experience for families. However, there is a need to improve public and professional awareness of infant mental health, parent-infant psychotherapeutic and relational approaches.Conclusions: The service proved effective in supporting the relationship between parent and infant identified through the parent-infant psychotherapy approach, which was fluid, open and nurturing, relative to other experiences of therapy and mental health support available in the North East. Service providers would enhance their impact on families by building and strengthening partnerships with the multiple health and social care organisations and systems involved in supporting families, and ensure their services become more inclusive. Further research is required to identify specific needs in local contexts, long-term outcomes, and to define relevant outcome measures in families with relationship concerns.

Background: Although adolescent births have declined globally, low- and middle-income countries like Peru continue to experience high rates of adolescent fertility. Adolescent parents and their children face elevated health and developmental risks.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a perinatal family-based intervention to support the infant-caregiver relationship among adolescent parents in Lima, Perú.Methods: Our study consisted of 54 pregnant adolescents who were randomised to an intervention or usual care. The intervention consisted of 10 telehealth visits beginning during the third trimester of pregnancy and continuing through six months postpartum. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and resilience were measured at the time of enrolment and again after completing the intervention. Data were assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and difference-in-differences models using mixed effects linear regression analyses. This was a pilot study not powered for significance.Results: Median depression and anxiety scores decreased for both intervention and usual care groups from pregnancy to six months postpartum; the median score for resilience increased for both groups. The difference-in-differences models predicted a decrease in depression and anxiety scores and an increase in resilience scores in the intervention group compared to the usual care group. Results demonstrated fewer symptoms of generalised depression and anxiety and higher resilience among those who received the intervention.Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for future studies to further characterise the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of telehealth interventions for adolescent parents and their families in low-resource settings and to compare telehealth with in-person intervention.

Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) has been a popular topic in positive psychology and mental health, representing how individuals experience and evaluate their lives.Objective: This study aimed to determine the SWB of Korean adolescents and its change over time.Method: We utilised data from the Korean Children and Youth Well-being Index: Middle School and High School Students Surveys, collected from 2016 to 2021. Bivariate analyses were performed to estimate SWB, and analysis of variance was used to assess differences in SWB based on participant characteristics. Changes in SWB over time were analysed using mean difference values, with subgroup analyses comparing middle and high school students.Results: Findings revealed that while overall SWB remained relatively stable from 2016 to 2019 (with scores of 72.47 and 71.68, respectively), a significant decrease was observed in 2021 (scoring 68.97). Notably, SWB was significantly lower in females compared to males, and in high school students compared to middle school students. A consistent downtrend in SWB was evident over the five years among specific groups, including females, adolescents not living with their parents, those intending to leave home, and those experiencing severe stress.Conclusions: This study examined the SWB of Korean adolescents and its change over time, revealing a significant decline in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring SWB and having informed welfare initiatives to enhance adolescents' quality of life. The insights remain relevant, guiding policymakers in preparing for future pandemics and improving SWB among vulnerable adolescents.

Introduction: Early preventive interventions may support adolescent mothers' mental health during the perinatal period. However, adolescent maternal mental health interventions have received little empirical research attention. This scoping review maps the evidence on interventions appropriate for adolescent mothers during the perinatal period in Sub-Saharan African countries.Methods: The process was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Five databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, were searched for citations of studies published from 2000. The reporting is according to Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA).Results: The initial search of databases resulted in 2 757 records. After duplicates were removed, 311 records were screened, and eight records included. Interventions included five key strategies: cognitive behavioural therapy; group problem-solving; psychoeducation; psychosocial group counselling; and integrated mothers and babies course and early childhood development group-based intervention. None of the interventions specifically targeted adolescent mothers, however.Discussion and conclusion: There is limited evidence of interventions specific to adolescent mothers. There is a need for the development, implementation and evaluation of specific interventions relevant to this population group.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of play therapy combined with the standard psychotropic medication treatment, compared to only standard psychotropic medication treatment in ADHD children as measured by the test of variables of attention (TOVA).Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at Soerojo Hospital, Magelang, Indonesia. Children (N = 66) were purposively recruited. The children were divided into two groups based on the intervention received: the experimental group (play therapy and standard psychotropic medication) and control group (standard psychotropic medication only). Methylphenidate was used as the standard psychotropic therapy. The TOVA was performed before and after intervention. The pre-intervention and post-intervention mean difference (MD) in the Attention Comparison Score (ACS) and Comparison to the Normative Sample (CNS) for each group was compared and statistically analysed using t-tests and Wilcoxon tests.Results: There was a significant difference between the ACS score of the experimental group's MD and the control group's MD (p < 0.05). For most TOVA parameters on CNS scores, the experimental group had a significantly higher MD than the control group.Conclusion: Play therapy coupled with psychotropic medication reduced ADHD symptoms, including inattention and impulsivity, as objectively measured by the TOVA.

Objective: To qualitatively explore the multifaceted impacts of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of American university students.Method: Undergraduate students in general education courses at a mid-sized public Western U.S. university were recruited to complete a Qualtrics survey that evaluated their perceptions, beliefs, and behaviours towards COVID-19. Thematic analysis identified prevailing themes regarding the positive and negative changes to students' lives during the pandemic.Results: Participants included undergraduate students (N = 241) between the ages of 18 and 24 (74.7% women), with 49.4% identifying as White. Thematic analysis of the survey identified several codes encompassed by six key themes: (1) shifting social interactions; (2) wellness; (3) school; (4) financial changes; (5) loss of experiences; and (6) political turmoil.Conclusion: Some students identified positive consequences (e.g., more family time, more flexible schedule), while almost all students reported negative consequences (e.g., difficulty with time management and organisation, loss of job or income) of the COVID-19 pandemic. University communities should consider providing additional academic, financial, and mental health resources to students to further mitigate the lasting consequences of the pandemic.

Objectives: A great deal of attention is being directed at the use of seclusion in adolescent inpatient psychiatric units due to its forceful nature and negative impact on inpatients and staff. This mixed methods study aimed to explore and compare the level of satisfaction with the services received and perspectives on seclusion in secluded and non-secluded adolescent inpatients.Methods: This study included 188 participants, across three adolescent inpatient psychiatric units in Australia; 17% reported having experienced seclusion. A mixed methods approach was employed. Participants completed the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 and Perceptions of Treatment and Seclusion Questionnaire shortly before or at discharge. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Secluded participants were more likely to report issues with broader care experiences on the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. Secluded individuals reported ongoing negative effects from seclusion but were more likely than non-secluded participants to believe seclusion is necessary. Qualitative analyses showed that both secluded and non-secluded individuals considered seclusion to be traumatic, many did not agree with its use.Conclusions: Communication between inpatients and staff regarding seclusion needs to be improved and there needs to be ongoing support in relation to seclusion during and after discharge. Many adolescent inpatients acknowledge the necessity of seclusion whilst advocating for reduced seclusion.

Research on trauma-informed practices is common in Western countries, but non-Western countries have made minimal contributions in this regard. This study aimed to develop an instrument which could be used to measure perceived competence of teachers in the implementation of trauma-informed practices for students with disabilities in Ghana and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Teacher Trauma Management Scale (TTMS), developed using the trauma framework by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration was used to collect data from 514 teachers in Ghana (n 270) and the UAE (n = 244). Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis) and a two-way factorial analysis of variance was conducted. While one hypothesis was supported by the study findings, the other was only partially supported. The findings provided theoretical and structural support for the newly developed TTMS in a non-Western context. This study highlights the need to develop contextual trauma management training models or a curriculum for training teachers.