Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

Social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions have shown promise for building resilience and protecting youth from adverse outcomes. This study reports on an experimental pilot evaluation of the Smart Brain Wise Heart SEL intervention during the 2021-2022 school year. Smart Brain Wise Heart (SBWH) uses a neurophysiological approach among ninth-grade students to evaluate the intervention's impact on youth resiliency, self-compassion, peer violence exposure, internalising disorders, and hyperactivity. Results did not indicate any significant universal changes in target outcomes. These null findings regarding universal impact may be explained by the unprecedented difficulty of implementing a school-based intervention amid ongoing COVID-19 restrictions and administrative issues. Despite these obstacles, students with lower academic achievement in the intervention condition scored significantly higher for resilience and self-compassion and lower on depressive symptoms than their peers in the comparison condition, even when controlling for baseline scores, sex, attachment (father, mother, peer), and exposure to adverse childhood experiences. Our findings suggest SBWH programming may have important implications for the trajectories of students exhibiting lower academic achievement, at a minimum, by significantly improving their emotional resilience, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms during a vital developmental stage. More research is urgently needed under optimal conditions to assess the universal implementation of the program.

Background: Globally many young people, especially from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, face significant barriers to achieving optimal life chances. Creative arts interventions are a way of reaching out to adolescents in low-income communities, to encourage positive functioning and enhanced well-being. We need information on the efficacy - or otherwise - of such interventions to optimise future efforts.Method: An integrative, descriptive literature review was conducted to explore and describe creative arts interventions for adolescents in low-income communities. Data were synthesised by comparing evidence from 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria, and combining ideas using logical reasoning to present what is known or yet to be known about the study topic.Results: Themes emerged regarding the structure and content of interventions; the characteristics of adolescent participants; the countries and contexts in which interventions were carried out; and overall outcomes for adolescent well-being as well as pedagogy.Conclusion: There are worthy outcomes for adolescents living in low-income communities who participate in structured creative arts interventions. However, research evidence is limited, and more research should be undertaken to investigate the development and evaluation of creative arts interventions for the well-being of adolescents in adverse contexts.

Objective: According to self-determination theory, satisfied basic psychological needs can be a protective factor for psychopathology, including eating disorders and anxiety symptomatology. However, most research has focused on adolescent and adult populations, with less work examining perceived basic psychological need satisfaction from parents in younger samples who report anxiety and disordered eating. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether basic psychological need satisfaction from parents was associated with disordered eating in preadolescents and whether anxiety mediated this relation.Method: A total of 211 preadolescents were recruited from primary schools across south Wales (mean age = 10.27 years, age range = 9-11 years; 49.3% female). Children completed self-report questionnaires on their basic psychological need satisfaction when with parents, as well as disordered eating and anxiety symptoms.Results: It was found that higher needs satisfaction was associated with lower disordered eating and anxiety, with stronger relations found in girls compared with boys. Furthermore, anxiety was found to mediate this relationship.Conclusions: Results suggest that basic psychological needs satisfaction may play an important role in the early emergence of co-occurring disordered eating and anxiety symptoms in boys and girls. The importance of considering anxiety symptoms in future work investigating needs satisfaction in the context of disordered eating and eating disorders is discussed.

Background: Adolescents are at risk for mental health (MH) disorders but are unlikely to seek services and may be reluctant to talk about their MH. An anonymous, online MH-focused community could help reduce suffering. However, online forums can also promote negative behaviours such as cyberbullying. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of an online community - LovesCompany - to improve MH outcomes for adolescents.Methods: American adolescents (14-17 years) were recruited through social media. Eligible participants were randomised to LovesCompany or a placebo MH resource site. Outcomes were assessed every other week for six months, and at twelve months. Multilevel models assessed group differences in depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. A subgroup of participants participated in qualitative interviews.Results: Participants (N = 202) were mostly female (70%), White non-Hispanic (69%), and cisgender (80%). There were no instances of inappropriate behaviour such as bullying or posting explicit content. Symptoms for both groups improved over time. Participants appreciated hearing others' experiences and valued the opportunity to offer support.Conclusion: Although adolescents are often resistant to MH treatment, they appear to be interested in anonymous, online, MH-focused conversation, and can benefit from giving and seeking support. Finding a balance between an appealing user experience, ethical considerations, and resource needs is challenging.

Objectives: This study investigated the quality of life of youth sport participants over the COVID-19 pandemic as moderated by psychological resilience.Methods: Participants included 93 high school sport participants (53.76% female, mean age = 15.59 ± 0.74) in a three-year longitudinal cohort study (SHRed Concussions) who completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Pediatric Quality of Life Scale (PedsQL), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at Year 1 (pre-pandemic, 2019-2020) and Year 2 (pandemic, 2020-2021). Change in quality of life and mental health symptoms from Year 1 to Year 2 was examined using paired t-tests and Year 1 resilience was examined as a predictor of Year 2 quality of life and mental health symptoms using linear regression.Results: Among participants with Year 1 scores before the pandemic onset, mean PedsQL (n = 74, t = -0.26 [-2.63, 2.03], p = 0.80) and SDQ (n = 74, t = 0.030 [-0.90, 0.93], p = 0.98) scores did not significantly change between Year 1 and Year 2. In unadjusted analyses, Year 1 CD-RISC scores were positively associated with predicted Year 2 PedsQL scores when Year 1 scores were controlled (β = 0.31 [0.0062, 0.61], ΔR² = 0.02) but not with residual change in SDQ scores (β = 0.035 [-0.11, 0.18], ΔR² = 0.001).Conclusions: Quality of life did not change significantly after the pandemic onset, and resilience was modestly protective.

Objective: This study estimates the frequency and predictors of caregiver strain (CGS) among parents of autistic children.Methods: Demographic details and CGS were collected through a validated tool from 403 parents of autistic children in Karachi, Pakistan. Regression modelling was performed to report associations between social, behavioural, and communication problems and socioeconomic predictors of CGS. Results were reported using adjusted beta-coefficients with 95% confidence intervals.Results: In total, 88.3% of the parents reported moderate to severe CGS. A high family income (β = -4.31, 95% CI -7.55, -0.11), and caregiver's higher level of education (β = -4.73, 95% CI -8.84, -0.61), along with care-recipient age group (β = -9.35, 95% CI -15.17, -3.52) significantly predicted lower CGS. Diagnosis of more than 5 years (β = 7.57, 95% CI 2.36, 12.79), tendency to self-harm (β = 10.75, 95% CI 6.62, 14.88), and social withdrawal in the care-recipient (β = 4.56, 95% CI 1.68, 7.44) were significantly associated with higher CGS.Conclusion: Parents of children on the autistic spectrum suffer from high CGS. There is a need to introduce tailored parenting interventions at the individual and community levels to help parents reduce the CGS, ultimately benefiting their child.

Background: The Finnish Gutsy Go programme is a positive youth development intervention designed to enhance adolescents' psychosocial well-being by enabling eighth-grade students to develop and execute good deeds within the community.Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of the Gutsy Go programme on adolescents' positive mental health, experience of social inclusion, and social competence using a quasi-experimental study design.Methods: Data were collected with electronic questionnaires at baseline (n = 236 programme participants and n = 303 controls) and follow-up two weeks after the programme (n = 126, 54.2% programme participants and n = 103, 34.1% controls). Analyses included paired samples t-tests and mixed ANOVA analyses.Results: A statistically significant intragroup change across time was detected in the level of cooperation skills among programme participants (t(127) = -2.460, p = 0.015) but not among controls (t(102) = 1.088, p = 0.279). Statistically significant main effects were found for the intervention group on the experience of social inclusion (F(1, 1) = 9.34, p = 0.003, η_p² = 0.040), cooperation skills (F(1,1) = 5.28, p = 0.020, η_p² = 0.020), and empathy (F(1,1) = 6.44, p = 0.010, η_p² = 0.030) across time.Conclusion: The Gutsy Go programme could be beneficial in improving adolescents' experience of social inclusion, cooperation skills, and empathy. More studies are needed to address the effects of the programme more firmly.

Background: Resilience is a measure of the ability to cope with stress and the accurate measurement of it is critical. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Iranian adolescents during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the content and construct validity were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, internal consistency, composite reliability, and invariance measurement were evaluated.Results: The content validity ratio was greater than 0.49, and the modified kappa coefficient for all items was higher than 0.6. With exploratory factor analysis, two factors were extracted consisting of 16 items and explaining 43% of the total variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the model. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability for both factors were greater than 0.7. Although there is no significant difference (p = 0.09) in the average resilience of adolescents in different provinces, boys (42.64 ± 10.90) had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher resilience score than girls (40.10 ± 11.92).Conclusion: The study results showed that the Persian 16-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale has acceptable reliability and validity in the Iranian adolescent population.