Edward Thomas (1878–1917) is largely known today as a great poet of the First World War. He also was a journalist, essayist and novelist. Thirty-six unpublished letters from the Anglo-Welsh writer William Henry Davies (1871–1940) to Thomas, now in the Hugh Walpole Collection at the King’s School, Canterbury, reveal a close friendship and Thomas’s strong support for an unknown impoverished fellow writer. In addition, the letters throw much light on the Edwardian literary scene between the years 1906 and 1909, and Davies and Thomas’s activities and interests. Davies’s letters complement existing published correspondence between him and Thomas and go some way to revise the perception that Davies took advantage of Thomas, himself at the time also a struggling writer.
{"title":"Thirty-Six Unpublished Letters from William Henry Davies to Edward Thomas","authors":"William Baker, Peter Henderson","doi":"10.5325/style.56.4.0483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.4.0483","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Edward Thomas (1878–1917) is largely known today as a great poet of the First World War. He also was a journalist, essayist and novelist. Thirty-six unpublished letters from the Anglo-Welsh writer William Henry Davies (1871–1940) to Thomas, now in the Hugh Walpole Collection at the King’s School, Canterbury, reveal a close friendship and Thomas’s strong support for an unknown impoverished fellow writer. In addition, the letters throw much light on the Edwardian literary scene between the years 1906 and 1909, and Davies and Thomas’s activities and interests. Davies’s letters complement existing published correspondence between him and Thomas and go some way to revise the perception that Davies took advantage of Thomas, himself at the time also a struggling writer.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46674955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, cognitive narratology has drawn on insights from cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind in order to revise the debate around authorial intention. These theoretical approaches often necessarily take into account the phenomenology of narrative creation, yet for the most part, this phenomenology is either derived from a selective sample of anecdotal accounts or else is essentially taken for granted. This article attempts to redress this balance somewhat by attempting an integration of the theoretical and the empirical, and evaluating the theoretical claims made by narratologists in the light of recent phenomenological data on writers’ experiences of their characters (Foxwell et al. 2020). This article suggests that incorporating empirical data in this fashion potentially allows for challenging and refining some previous theories, while also highlighting areas that have been somewhat neglected: most significantly, the role of inner speech in narrative production. Moreover, this article argues that recognizing how inner speech affects both agency and social cognition allows for the reincorporation of valuable insights from “strong” anti-intentionalism while still allowing for the more moderate position advanced within cognitive narratology.
{"title":"From Theory to Data and Back Again: Authors’ Intentions, Characters’ Agency, and the Phenomenology of Writing Narrative","authors":"J. Foxwell","doi":"10.5325/style.56.4.0433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.4.0433","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, cognitive narratology has drawn on insights from cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind in order to revise the debate around authorial intention. These theoretical approaches often necessarily take into account the phenomenology of narrative creation, yet for the most part, this phenomenology is either derived from a selective sample of anecdotal accounts or else is essentially taken for granted. This article attempts to redress this balance somewhat by attempting an integration of the theoretical and the empirical, and evaluating the theoretical claims made by narratologists in the light of recent phenomenological data on writers’ experiences of their characters (Foxwell et al. 2020). This article suggests that incorporating empirical data in this fashion potentially allows for challenging and refining some previous theories, while also highlighting areas that have been somewhat neglected: most significantly, the role of inner speech in narrative production. Moreover, this article argues that recognizing how inner speech affects both agency and social cognition allows for the reincorporation of valuable insights from “strong” anti-intentionalism while still allowing for the more moderate position advanced within cognitive narratology.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42384011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of metagenre in literature has become an increasingly helpful interpretive tool by which to analyze and understand various pieces of literature in relationship to their particular genres. A metageneric examination of Milton’s Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, both in relation to the Homeric epics and in relation to each other, allows readers to understand that Milton’s celebration of “Patience and Heroic Martyrdom” (Paradise Lost 9:31) is best exemplified in each of Milton’s epics by Milton’s Son. The Son, both in his self-sacrificial decision to leave Heaven’s glory, become incarnate, and die for the sake of sinful humanity; and in his resistance to Satan’s temptations, transcends the classical heroism both of Homer’s Achilles and Milton’s Satan in order to effect salvation for humanity. A metageneric recognition that Paradise Regained is a continuation of Paradise Lost aids greatly our understanding of the Son’s heroism.
{"title":"Metagenre in Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained: Its Relevance to Milton’s Presentation of the Son’s Self-Sacrificial Epic Heroism","authors":"David V. Urban","doi":"10.5325/style.56.4.0392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.4.0392","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The concept of metagenre in literature has become an increasingly helpful interpretive tool by which to analyze and understand various pieces of literature in relationship to their particular genres. A metageneric examination of Milton’s Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, both in relation to the Homeric epics and in relation to each other, allows readers to understand that Milton’s celebration of “Patience and Heroic Martyrdom” (Paradise Lost 9:31) is best exemplified in each of Milton’s epics by Milton’s Son. The Son, both in his self-sacrificial decision to leave Heaven’s glory, become incarnate, and die for the sake of sinful humanity; and in his resistance to Satan’s temptations, transcends the classical heroism both of Homer’s Achilles and Milton’s Satan in order to effect salvation for humanity. A metageneric recognition that Paradise Regained is a continuation of Paradise Lost aids greatly our understanding of the Son’s heroism.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45199767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language, Social Media and Ideologies: Translingual Englishes, Facebook and Authenticities by Sender Dovchin (review)","authors":"J. Chen, Yun Liu","doi":"10.5325/style.56.3.0336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"56 1","pages":"336 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47629680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article examines the synthetic function of narrative temporality as presented in Paul Ricoeur's Time and Narrative. By critically analyzing the applicability of Ricoeur's conclusions about literary narratives as temporalizing worldhood to contemporary fiction, the author argues that an alternative conception of narrative time is needed to supplement Ricoeur's homogenizing of the link between the literary treatment of time and historical interpretation. By examining the ways in which multiple scales of temporality intersect and fray against one another in Anthony Doerr's novel About Grace, the author probe the limitations and possibilities of a Ricoeurian analysis of narrative temporality in terms of a fracturing of existential modes of comportment toward a lifeworld under threat from human exploitation. By reevaluating Ricoeur's hermeneutical arguments, the author argues that instead of fusion, it is discordance that characterizes both the openness and fragility of contemporary fiction's treatment of worldhood and temporal experience.
{"title":"Othered Temporalities and Possibilities: The Question of Narrative Synthesis in Paul Ricoeur's Hermeneutics and Anthony Doerr's About Grace","authors":"Ian Y. H. Tan","doi":"10.5325/style.56.3.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0211","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines the synthetic function of narrative temporality as presented in Paul Ricoeur's Time and Narrative. By critically analyzing the applicability of Ricoeur's conclusions about literary narratives as temporalizing worldhood to contemporary fiction, the author argues that an alternative conception of narrative time is needed to supplement Ricoeur's homogenizing of the link between the literary treatment of time and historical interpretation. By examining the ways in which multiple scales of temporality intersect and fray against one another in Anthony Doerr's novel About Grace, the author probe the limitations and possibilities of a Ricoeurian analysis of narrative temporality in terms of a fracturing of existential modes of comportment toward a lifeworld under threat from human exploitation. By reevaluating Ricoeur's hermeneutical arguments, the author argues that instead of fusion, it is discordance that characterizes both the openness and fragility of contemporary fiction's treatment of worldhood and temporal experience.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"53 1","pages":"211 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70906081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Confronting fictional worlds theory with three novels by Vladimir Nabokov (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Pale Fire, and Look at the Harlequins!), the author argues that the theory is problematized by Nabokov's employment of global logical impossibilities. All three novels elicit fluid, fragmentary imaginations of "fictional worlds"; however, by requiring readers to juggle between several logically incompatible interpretations of characters and plots without reaching any synthesis, Nabokov refuses to let these imaginations of "worlds" solidify into fictional worlds in the theoretical sense. This obstruction of world-creation challenges the analytical power of fictional worlds theory and questions some of its basic assumptions. A further examination of three solutions that the theory proposes for logical impossibility shows that they fail to account for cases like Nabokov's without undermining the soundness or status of the theory itself. This problematization ultimately points to an alternative perception of fiction as a means of real-world communication.
{"title":"Fictional Worlds Theory Problematized: Global Logical Impossibilities in Vladimir Nabokov's Novels","authors":"Mengchen Lang","doi":"10.5325/style.56.3.0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0258","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Confronting fictional worlds theory with three novels by Vladimir Nabokov (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Pale Fire, and Look at the Harlequins!), the author argues that the theory is problematized by Nabokov's employment of global logical impossibilities. All three novels elicit fluid, fragmentary imaginations of \"fictional worlds\"; however, by requiring readers to juggle between several logically incompatible interpretations of characters and plots without reaching any synthesis, Nabokov refuses to let these imaginations of \"worlds\" solidify into fictional worlds in the theoretical sense. This obstruction of world-creation challenges the analytical power of fictional worlds theory and questions some of its basic assumptions. A further examination of three solutions that the theory proposes for logical impossibility shows that they fail to account for cases like Nabokov's without undermining the soundness or status of the theory itself. This problematization ultimately points to an alternative perception of fiction as a means of real-world communication.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"56 1","pages":"258 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Structuralist narratology, which has played an instrumental part in the historical development of adaptation studies, now faces increasing criticism from culturally oriented scholars for its disregard of contextual factors. My essay argues that postclassical developments of narratology, which recognize culture as a powerful shaping force of narrative form, can effectively address the enduring bifurcation between formal and cultural approaches in adaptation studies. It uses the transpacific adaptation of a Chinese TV drama, renamed Empresses in the Palace by its Netflix adapters, as a case study to show how some of the important narrative transmutations are both motivated by and symptomatic of clashes between specific aspects of the Chinese and the American cultures. My discussion demonstrates that transcultural comparisons can not only foster understanding of adaptations as cultural encounters with inevitable narrative consequences, but also open up new space for the appreciation of other cultures, and provide fresh perspectives on one's own cultural and narrative traditions.
{"title":"Fruitless Search for Coherence: A Transcultural Perspective on Netflix's Adaptation of Empresses in the Palace","authors":"Wanlin Li","doi":"10.5325/style.56.3.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0190","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Structuralist narratology, which has played an instrumental part in the historical development of adaptation studies, now faces increasing criticism from culturally oriented scholars for its disregard of contextual factors. My essay argues that postclassical developments of narratology, which recognize culture as a powerful shaping force of narrative form, can effectively address the enduring bifurcation between formal and cultural approaches in adaptation studies. It uses the transpacific adaptation of a Chinese TV drama, renamed Empresses in the Palace by its Netflix adapters, as a case study to show how some of the important narrative transmutations are both motivated by and symptomatic of clashes between specific aspects of the Chinese and the American cultures. My discussion demonstrates that transcultural comparisons can not only foster understanding of adaptations as cultural encounters with inevitable narrative consequences, but also open up new space for the appreciation of other cultures, and provide fresh perspectives on one's own cultural and narrative traditions.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"56 1","pages":"190 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cambridge History of the Gothic. Angela Wright and Dale Townshend, editors. Volume I: Gothic in the Long Eighteenth Century. Cambridge UP, 2020. 499 pp. Dale Townshend and Angela Wright, editors. Volume II: Gothic in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge UP, 2020. 541 pp. Catherine Spooner and Dale Townshend, editors. Volume III: Gothic in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. Cambridge UP, 2021. 536 pp. $155 each volume; $390 for the set.
{"title":"The Evasion of Literary History","authors":"David H. Richter","doi":"10.5325/style.56.3.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0317","url":null,"abstract":"The Cambridge History of the Gothic. Angela Wright and Dale Townshend, editors. Volume I: Gothic in the Long Eighteenth Century. Cambridge UP, 2020. 499 pp. Dale Townshend and Angela Wright, editors. Volume II: Gothic in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge UP, 2020. 541 pp. Catherine Spooner and Dale Townshend, editors. Volume III: Gothic in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. Cambridge UP, 2021. 536 pp. $155 each volume; $390 for the set.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"56 1","pages":"317 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23744-8
Rundong Wang, Hongwei Zhan
{"title":"Phraseology and Style in Subgenres of the Novel: A Synthesis of Corpus and Literary Perspectives ed. by Iva Novakova and Dirk Siepmann (review)","authors":"Rundong Wang, Hongwei Zhan","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-23744-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23744-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"130 2","pages":"341 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-030-23744-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article discusses Marianne Moore's archival practices through the lens of live speech and performance. While it is common to view Moore's poetic archive—both her eclectic composition and her collage form—as embodying the tension between knowledge and reality, her borrowing from live speech also draws attention to the tension between written documents and speech acts, between text and performance. Invoking Diana Taylor's idea that the liveness of performance necessarily disappears in archival documents, the author argues that Moore's archival practices enact a drama of dis/appearance by creating appearances of speech that measure themselves against states of disappearance. The dis/appearance of speech in Moore's poetry evinces her obsession with liveness and her discernable concern to hold the audience's attention; it illuminates how Moore wants her poetry to "appeal" to the reader. Through elaborating on her incorporation of live speech and its affinities with her performances, this article seeks to take an appeal as a fulcrum for interpreting Moore's poetry and amplify the critical vocabulary for describing her readers' engrossment and infatuation. Moore's poetry often animates a quest for knowledge, but it also aims at the very effect of engaging us in the "here and now." Her "performing" archive, by letting live speech dis/appear, ultimately challenges us to envision a modernist poetics that has appeal as its major theme and ethos.
{"title":"Dis/Appearance for Appeal: On Marianne Moore's \"Performing\" Archive","authors":"W. Liu","doi":"10.5325/style.56.3.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0280","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article discusses Marianne Moore's archival practices through the lens of live speech and performance. While it is common to view Moore's poetic archive—both her eclectic composition and her collage form—as embodying the tension between knowledge and reality, her borrowing from live speech also draws attention to the tension between written documents and speech acts, between text and performance. Invoking Diana Taylor's idea that the liveness of performance necessarily disappears in archival documents, the author argues that Moore's archival practices enact a drama of dis/appearance by creating appearances of speech that measure themselves against states of disappearance. The dis/appearance of speech in Moore's poetry evinces her obsession with liveness and her discernable concern to hold the audience's attention; it illuminates how Moore wants her poetry to \"appeal\" to the reader. Through elaborating on her incorporation of live speech and its affinities with her performances, this article seeks to take an appeal as a fulcrum for interpreting Moore's poetry and amplify the critical vocabulary for describing her readers' engrossment and infatuation. Moore's poetry often animates a quest for knowledge, but it also aims at the very effect of engaging us in the \"here and now.\" Her \"performing\" archive, by letting live speech dis/appear, ultimately challenges us to envision a modernist poetics that has appeal as its major theme and ethos.","PeriodicalId":45300,"journal":{"name":"STYLE","volume":"56 1","pages":"280 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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