Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology最新文献

Various chromosomal arrangements in cells undergoing division are referred to as Mitotic figure (MF). The abnormal excess of mitotic figures is commonly seen in oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In present study, we compared the number of mitotic figures in normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia & OSCC sections with haematoxyline & eosine (H&E) and 1%Crystal Violet & Nuclear Fast Red (CV&NFR) stain, also the efficacy of the CV&NFR stain as compared to H & E stain. We investigated the correlation between the number of mitotic figures & grades of OSCC. Study sample comprised of two serial sections of archival blocks of normal oral mucosa & diagnosed cases of epithelial dysplasia & OSCC. One slide stained with H& E & the other one with 1% CV & NFR. Mitotic figures were counted with the grid eyepiece. There was significant increase in number of MFs in oral ED and OSCC in comparison with normal oral mucosa. There was a highly significant increase in number of MFs in CV&NFR stained tissue sections when compared with H & E stain. Metaphase is the most commonly observed phase of mitosis. In summary, our study proposes the use of Crystal violet & Nuclear fast red stain as a selective stain for better contrast & easy identification MFs.

Uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are rare malignancies with a poor prognosis. The incidence is reported to be 3-7/100.000 per year. Preoperative and intraoperative differentiation between LMS and large leiomyoma is always challenging. Therefore, LMS are often diagnosed during postoperative histologic evaluation of hysterectomy or myomectomy specimens. LMS of the round ligament of the uterus which can represent as an inguinal or pelvic mass is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there is only one case report of LMS arising from the round ligament available in the literature. Herein, we aimed to present the second case of LMS originating from the left round ligament of the uterus in a premenopausal woman initially misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumor.

Objectives: To evaluate if there is an association between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and tumor markers in patients with uterine fibroids.

Methods: A total of three hundred and fifty seven patients who operated for myomectomy were enrolled this retrospective case control study. Risk factors evaluated were; age, uterine fibroid type, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin difference, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), carsino embryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Patients divided two groups with regard to the diameter size of the removed fibroids. Group 1 (n=211) determined as the patients whose diameter size of the removed fibroids ≤ 5 cm and group 2 (n=146) determined as patients with > 5 cm diameter size. Groups were compared in terms of their age, bmi, gravidity, parity, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin difference, nlr, afp, ca 125, ca 19-9, ca 15-3, cea levels.

Results: The mean age of the patients in group 1 (n=211) were 38.02 ± 5.38 years and in group 2 were (n=146) 37.80 ± 6.06 years (p = .751). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of age, bmi, uterine fibroid types, cea and afp levels (p > 0.05). Gravidity, parity, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin differences, nlr, ca 125, ca 19-9, ca 15-3 levels were statically significantly different between groups.

Conclusions: According to this study, we think that multiple parameters affect developing uterine fibroids.

Pristimerin (PM) is a quinonemethide triterpenoid with cytotoxic activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines. However, the effect of PM on IL-2 induced activation of T lymphocytes, which play a major role in antitumor immunity has not been studied. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of PM on IL-2 induced proliferation of T cells, generation of lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) and the signaling pathways involved in activation of T cells by IL-2. PM inhibited the IL-2 induced proliferation of mouse splenic T cells and the generation LAK cells at very low concentrations. The suppression of T cell proliferation by PM was associated with the inhibition of IL-2 induced Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/STAT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) signaling pathways. PM also inhibited the proliferation and differentiation-related immediate early gene products such as p-c-fos, p-c-jun, c-myc and cyclin D1. In addition, antiapoptotic (prosurvival) NF-кB, p-Akt and p-mTOR were also inhibited by PM. These data demonstrated that PM inhibits IL-2 induced T cell activation and generation of LAK cells by disrupting multiple cell signaling pathways induced by IL-2.

Sclerosing stromal tumours are rare benign ovarian neoplasms of the sex cord stromal that occur predominantly in the second and third decades of life. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been described in the literature and most patients have menstrual irregularities and pelvic pain. Sclerosing stromal tumours were reported in which the inactive tumours did not represent endocrine clinical symptoms; however, currently according to several reports, it is the active tumour that produce hormones. Only a few cases of virilizing sclerosing stromal tumours of the ovary have been described in the literature and in this report first describes sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary in a postmenopausal woman presenting with virilization.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the malignant salivary gland neoplasm chiefly occurred in minor salivary gland. One of the rare variant of MEC is intra-osseous variant found in the jaws known as central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Presently in this case report, we described a 28-year-old male diagnosed with central low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma subsequently with the presence of asymptomatic swelling with a history of trauma. Clinically mimicking a cystic lesion and radiographically gives an idea of mixed radio-opaque radiolucent lesion which creates a confusion to render a final diagnosis. The site, duration and history of the case are uncommon for the occurrence of intra-osseous malignant lesion of salivary glands. Present case adds new dimensions to the present knowledge about the clinical and radiographical picture that a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma can mimic.

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract. Their incidence during pregnancy is approximately 2 percent and they are associated with some complications such as preterm labor, placental abruption, fetal malpresentation, obstructed labor, cesarean delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage. They may develop anywhere within the muscular wall of the uterus, including submucosal, intramural, or subserosal areas. Some of the submucous myomas may be pedunculated and eventually may protrude through the cervical canal to the vagina. They later become necrotic and sometimes infected. Vaginal myomectomy is recommended as the initial treatment of choice for a prolapsed, pedunculated myoma except when other indications require an abdominal procedure. Inversion is a condition in which the uterus turns inside out with prolapse of the fundus through the cervix. It is seen in acute and chronic forms. Chronic inversion may follow an incomplete obstetric inversion unnoticed or left uncared. Herein, we present, a case of infected non-puerperal uterine inversion due to submucous leiomyoma that was originating from fundus and the diagnostic dilemma it presents in the after puerperal stage.

We evaluated multiple oncogenic mutations and fusion genes in small specimen obtained by bronchoscopy. Eight patients with lung cancer were recruited, 3 small cell lung cancer, 3 non-small cell lung cancer, 1 adenocarcinoma and 1 squamous cell carcinoma. A median value of extracted RNA and DNA amounts from specimen was 1573 ng (range 367.5 to 8900) and 6700 ng (range 550 to 68000 ng), respectively. We applied amplicon sequencing panels that cover exon regions of 41 genes related to lung tumorigenesis as well as total 61 major variants of ALK, ROS, RET or NTRK1 fusion transcripts. Nineteen of 41 gene mutations were detected in our isolated DNAs of 8 patients. We could detect four to eleven mutations in each specimen; however the mutation combination in each 8 patients were different. The most common genetic alterations were TP53, KMT2D, MET, NOTCH2 and SETD2, which were detected in 4 to 6 patients. We did not detect fusion transcripts of ALK, ROS, RET and NTRK1 in every specimen. In conclusion, multiplex genomic test was performed on small amounts specimen of bronchoscopy biopsy with a 100% success rate. Such testing is considered to be able to assist physicians in matching patients with approved or experimental targeted treatments.

Objectives: Primary ovarian fibrosarcomas are extremely rare neoplasms, and only 50 cases have been reported in the English literature. Diagnosis can be difficult because of this condition's rarity, and other similar appearing mesenchymal lesions should be ruled out.

Methods: A 50-year-old postmenopausal woman came to our hospital because of abdominopelvic pain. Ultrasonography revealed a 41x33 mm heterogeneous solid mass in the right ovary. Total blood counts, biochemical parameters, and tumor markers were within normal ranges. Total abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo oophorectomy were performed. Examination of a frozen, specimen revealed fibroma; however, the final histopathological diagnosis was low grade fibrosarcoma of the ovary. Microscopic examination demonstrated densely cellular, spindle-shaped tumor cells with increased mitotic activity (5 to 6 mitoses per 10 high-power fields).

Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin and negative for actin and desmin and that the Ki 67 proliferation index was 30% to 40%. The patient did not receive adjuvant treatment, and remained free of disease after a follow up of 6 months.

Conclusions: Although ovarian fibrosarcomas are unusual causes of solid masses in postmenopausal women, they should be considered when adnexal masses are examined in these patients. Mitotic activity and Ki-67 positivity were identified as important diagnostic factors for ovarian fibrosarcoma.

Vitamin D is an essential precursor to the steroid hormone calcitriol which mainly regulates calcium homeostasis. Moreover anti- proliferative, pro- apoptotic, anti- angiogenic effects of Vitamin D support the ideas of preventive role in various cancer. This study aimed to determine if there is a relationship between HPVDNA infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and Vitamin D deficiency. As a result of the study the difference of 25-OH Vitamin D3 levels between HPVDNA positive group and the control group were statistically significant (p=0,009). According to results of our study, with the proven anti-inflammatory functions of Vitamin D, the deficiency of these molecule and its metabolites can be a possible reason for HPVDNA persistence and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.