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Bringing the Global to the Local: the challenges of multi-level governance for global policy implementation in Africa 将全球带到地方:非洲实施全球政策的多层次治理的挑战
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1958335
Sylvia Croese, Michael Oloko, D. Simon, Sandra C. Valencia
ABSTRACT The New Urban Agenda (NUA) and Agenda 2030’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognise the key role of ‘sub-national entities’, including cities, in achieving sustainable development. However, since these global policy agendas were agreed and signed by national governments, implementing them at the local level requires a process of localisation to fit local realities. This paper analyses the national guidance (or lack of) and the resultant collaborations emerging between various levels of government in the implementation of these agendas in African cities, namely Kisumu, Kenya and Cape Town, South Africa. It argues that effective implementation of the SDGs requires a strong framework for multi-stakeholder engagement and coordination at all levels of governance, which is possible if both top-down and bottom-up approaches are used concurrently and harmonised.
《新城市议程》(NUA)和2030年可持续发展目标(sdg)认识到包括城市在内的“地方实体”在实现可持续发展方面的关键作用。然而,由于这些全球政策议程是由各国政府同意并签署的,因此在地方一级实施这些议程需要一个适应当地实际情况的本地化过程。本文分析了在非洲城市(即肯尼亚基苏木和南非开普敦)实施这些议程时,国家指导(或缺乏指导)以及各级政府之间由此产生的合作。报告认为,可持续发展目标的有效实施需要一个强有力的框架,以便在各级治理中多利益攸关方参与和协调,如果自上而下和自下而上的方法同时使用并协调一致,这是可能的。
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引用次数: 17
Factors influencing urban environmental sustainability actions─an investigation on urban public space in the study area 城市环境可持续性行动的影响因素──研究区城市公共空间调查
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1955365
Ssu-Hsien Chen
ABSTRACT What are patterns, outcomes, and factors emerging from the urban environmental sustainability actions? To what extent do the conditions of action arenas facilitate urban environmental actions? In this research, the community-level public space named ‘neighbourhood activity centres’ in Taipei City is observed and investigated. Besides the field observation effort, a data set is established with the combination of subjective and objective data sources collected from a questionnaire investigation (255 units of observations) and the governmental open data systems. After employing ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the author concludes that environmental friendly facilities (such as aquaponics systems), environmental tendency of the communities, exhibition of policies or regulations and action networks among participants, could facilitate the outcomes of urban environmental sustainability movement. However, the diversity among the participants negatively affects the relationships between some external factors and action outcomes. The divergence in actor preference increases the required transaction costs in the consensus process due to time-consuming communication and compromise. This study thus proposes recommendations, such as benchmark Lis and neighbourhood associations, as policy application that could enhance municipal implementation of sustainability policies.
城市环境可持续性行动的模式、结果和因素是什么?行动场所的条件在多大程度上促进了城市环境行动?本研究以台北市的“邻里活动中心”为研究对象,对其社区层面的公共空间进行观察与调查。除了实地观测工作外,还将从问卷调查(255个观测单位)和政府开放数据系统收集的主观和客观数据源相结合,建立了一个数据集。采用普通最小二乘(OLS)回归分析,认为环境友好型设施(如鱼菜共生系统)、社区的环境倾向、政策法规的展示和参与者之间的行动网络对城市环境可持续性运动的结果有促进作用。然而,参与者的多样性对某些外部因素与行动结果之间的关系产生了负面影响。行动者偏好的差异增加了共识过程中所需的交易成本,这是由于费时的沟通和妥协。因此,本研究提出了一些建议,如建立基准Lis和社区协会,作为政策应用,可以加强城市可持续发展政策的实施。
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引用次数: 0
‘Resettlement with Chinese characteristics’: the distinctive political-economic context, (in)voluntary urbanites, and three types of mismatch “有中国特色的移民安置”:独特的政治经济背景、自愿的城市居民和三种类型的错配
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1955364
Chen Yang, Zhu Qian
ABSTRACT In recent years, urban resettlement as a specific form of urbanisation has gained its momentum in planning practices to accommodate newcomers of cities, in line with the macro policy reforms of urban-rural integration. This paper synthesises literature related to the proposed term ‘urban resettlement with Chinese characteristics’ to shed light on the distinctive and unparalleled socio-economic and spatial transformation entailed by the ongoing urban resettlement in China. Mindful of China’s socialist ideology and authoritarian regime, we argue that urban resettlement has become a potent tool for the Chinese government to fuel economic development and urbanisation. The longstanding issues such as involuntary resettlement have been alleviated with the gradualist institutional changes, but emerging predicaments concerning social mismatch, space mismatch, and spatial mismatch still linger. This paper calls for researchers to draw lessons and implications from the discourse of ‘urban resettlement with Chinese characteristics’ to expand the knowledge of sustainable urban-rural development.
近年来,随着城乡一体化的宏观政策改革,城市移民作为城市化的一种特殊形式,在城市新移民安置的规划实践中获得了发展势头。本文综合了与“中国特色城市移民安置”相关的文献,以揭示中国正在进行的城市移民安置所带来的独特和无与伦比的社会经济和空间转变。考虑到中国的社会主义意识形态和专制政权,我们认为城市安置已成为中国政府推动经济发展和城市化的有力工具。随着渐进式制度变迁,非自愿移民等长期存在的问题得到了缓解,但社会错配、空间错配、空间错配等新问题依然存在。本文呼吁研究者从“中国特色城市移民安置”的话语中汲取教训和启示,拓展对城乡可持续发展的认识。
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引用次数: 8
Determinants of households’ stay in urban neighbourhoods— its implications for sustainable development: case of Akure, nigeria 家庭留在城市社区的决定因素——其对可持续发展的影响:尼日利亚阿库雷的案例
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1946543
M. Alabi
ABSTRACT This study explores residents’ choice to migrate from the city core to stay in close neighbourhoods, with the main objective to evaluate peoples’ preferences. Find out the degree of influence of factors like gender, income, age, years of stay, family composition, ethnicity, and house ownership in determining the choice of stay. An interview and questionnaire were used to elicit information from household heads. The multinomial regression method was applied to test the hypothesis that, ‘there is no significant relationship between choice of stay in neighbourhoods and given factors’. The study revealed that gender, income, years of stay and ethnicity have a negative contribution to the choice of stay, while age, family composition and house ownership have a positive influence. Hence, it is recommended that for sustainability, factors that increase densification to reduce mobility should be encouraged.
摘要本研究探讨了居民从城市核心迁移到附近社区的选择,主要目的是评估人们的偏好。找出性别、收入、年龄、居住年限、家庭组成、种族、房屋所有权等因素对选择居住的影响程度。采用访谈和问卷调查的方式从户主处获取信息。多项回归方法被用来检验假设,“在选择留在社区和给定因素之间没有显著的关系”。研究表明,性别、收入、居住年限和种族对居住选择有消极影响,而年龄、家庭组成和房屋所有权有积极影响。因此,建议为了可持续性,应鼓励增加密度以减少流动性的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Affordable modifications for sustainable houses in urban informal settlements: a case study of Bandung, Indonesia 城市非正式住区可持续住房的可负担改造:以印度尼西亚万隆为例
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1946544
C. Parisi, T. Kubota, U. Surahman
ABSTRACT We investigated mould risk, TSP and PM2.5, and the self-reported prevalence of respiratory diseases in a typical unplanned urban residential neighbourhood (Kampung) in Bandung, Indonesia during 2018–2019. Based on the results, this paper developed design modification plans for the selected five houses aiming to remediate the health burden the residents are currently facing, and created a design modification matrix that can assist in the decision-making process. The results showed that Kampung houses were suffered from severe dampness and mould risks. TSP and PM2.5 were also alarmingly high. The best options to remediate those are the use of exhaust fans, together with the use of proper finishing materials, i.e. water-resistant materials and mould-resistant paint, using shading devices to improve the indoor comfort on hot days and the change of occupants’ behaviour so that the residents adopt more sustainable daily behaviours.
我们调查了2018-2019年印度尼西亚万隆一个典型的无规划城市住宅区(Kampung)的霉菌风险、TSP和PM2.5,以及自报的呼吸系统疾病患病率。在此基础上,本文为选定的五所住宅制定了设计修改方案,旨在缓解居民目前面临的健康负担,并创建了一个设计修改矩阵,可以帮助决策过程。结果显示,甘榜的房屋有严重的受潮和发霉风险。TSP和PM2.5也高得惊人。解决这些问题的最佳选择是使用排气扇,同时使用适当的装饰材料,即防水材料和防霉涂料,使用遮阳设备来改善炎热天气的室内舒适度,并改变居住者的行为,使居民采取更可持续的日常行为。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of QoL in cities of diverse neighbourhood typologies: A scientific study of New Delhi 不同社区类型城市生活质量评价:新德里的科学研究
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/19463146.2021.1927740
S. Mittal, J. Chadchan, S. K. Mishra
ABSTRACT Quality of life (QoL) in urban areas is increasingly finding prominence in practice. There are numerous studies interlinking residential built environment and QoL at the city level but very few at the suburban level particularly for neighbourhoods. This research aims to prepare an analytical framework and a mathematical model to evaluate neighbourhood QoL as a function of its varying built environment and spatial attributes. In order to demonstrate this, a study is carried out for seven neighbourhood typologies of New Delhi by collecting data for both objective and subjective dimensions. The database is then analysed using statistical techniques of comparative analysis, correlation and regression analysis. The research indicates that (a) Quality of life within a city varies substantially at the neighbourhood level, and (b) current planning standards provide static city-wide benchmarks which are not attainable by most of the Indian neighbourhoods.
城市生活质量(QoL)在实践中越来越受到重视。在城市层面上,住宅建筑环境和生活质量之间的联系有很多研究,但在郊区层面上,特别是在社区层面上,很少有研究。本研究旨在准备一个分析框架和数学模型,以评估社区生活质量作为其不同建筑环境和空间属性的函数。为了证明这一点,通过收集客观和主观维度的数据,对新德里的七个社区类型进行了一项研究。然后使用比较分析、相关分析和回归分析等统计技术对数据库进行分析。研究表明(a)一个城市内的生活质量在社区一级差别很大,(b)目前的规划标准提供了静态的城市范围基准,这是大多数印度社区无法达到的。
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引用次数: 1
‘Urban expansion and agricultural land use change in Ghana: Implications for peri-urban farmer household food security in Wa Municipality’ 加纳城市扩张和农业用地变化:对Wa市城郊农户家庭粮食安全的影响
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1915790
Samuel Ziem Bonye, Gordon Yenglier Yiridomoh, E. Derbile
ABSTRACT Food price hikes globally re-energised investment in innovative strategies of food production including urban and peri-urban agriculture. Unfortunately, uncontrolled urbanisation have impacted gravely on food production in peri-urban areas in developing countries. This study was conducted in the Wa Municipalityto examine how peri-urban agricultural land use change impact on food security of farmers. A mixed methods study of inquiry with 235 smallholder farmers were used for the study. Questionnaires, interviews and historical information captured using the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to collect the data. The results revealed that, hectares of agricultural land in peri-urban Wa over the last three decades has drastically lost its space to urban development through residentuial and infrastructural development. The study also found that agricultural land use change has resulted in food insecurity as the majority of the smallholder farmers were unable to meet their food needs over the last decade. The practical and policy implication of the study are discussed.
全球粮食价格上涨重新激发了对粮食生产创新战略的投资,包括城市和城郊农业。不幸的是,不受控制的城市化严重影响了发展中国家城郊地区的粮食生产。本研究在Wa市进行,旨在研究城郊农业用地变化对农民粮食安全的影响。采用混合调查方法对235名小农进行调查。使用地理信息系统(GIS)收集问卷调查、访谈和历史信息来收集数据。结果表明,在过去的30年里,由于住宅和基础设施的发展,佤族城郊的农业用地急剧减少,其空间被城市发展所占用。该研究还发现,农业土地利用的变化导致粮食不安全,因为大多数小农在过去十年中无法满足其粮食需求。讨论了本研究的现实意义和政策意义。
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引用次数: 13
Mapping Cultural Ecosystem Services (CESs) and key urban landscape features: a pilot study for land use policy and planning review 绘制文化生态系统服务(CESs)和主要城市景观特征:土地利用政策和规划审查的试点研究
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1941050
L. Bachi, Diomira M. C. P. Faria, M. B. Horta, S. Carvalho-Ribeiro
ABSTRACT Cultural ecosystem services (CESs), despite providing multiple non-material benefits associated with human well-being, have been overlooked in urban planning. Using as a pilot study the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, we map and evaluate the inclusion of CESs into land use policy to better inform urban planning. We tested a framework for: (1) assessing the preferences of local inhabitants for CESs and landscape features; (2) evaluating land use policies; and (3) mapping CES hotspots in the city. We found sense of place and recreation to be the main CESs associated with parks, squares and cultural centres. No land use policy explicitly mentioned CESs, while the zoning plans do not reflect bundles of spatial non-material values and landscape features. This pilot study can play a vital role in developing more comprehensive insights to bridge urban planning and landscape preferences to help guiding land use policy review towards sustainable urbanisation.
文化生态系统服务(CESs)尽管提供了与人类福祉相关的多种非物质利益,但在城市规划中却被忽视了。作为一项试点研究,我们在巴西贝洛奥里藏特市绘制并评估了将CESs纳入土地使用政策的情况,以更好地为城市规划提供信息。我们测试了一个框架:(1)评估当地居民对CESs和景观特征的偏好;(2)土地利用政策评价;(3)绘制城市CES热点分布图。我们发现场所感和娱乐是与公园、广场和文化中心相关的主要CESs。没有土地利用政策明确提到CESs,而分区规划也没有反映出空间非物质价值和景观特征的捆绑。这项试点研究可以发挥至关重要的作用,在城市规划和景观偏好之间建立更全面的见解,帮助指导土地利用政策审查,实现可持续城市化。
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引用次数: 3
Vulnerable socioeconomic groups are disproportionately exposed to multiple environmental burden in Berlin - implications– for planning 脆弱的社会经济群体不成比例地暴露在柏林的多重环境负担中-对规划的影响
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1904246
S. Hölzl, M. Veskov, Toni Scheibner, Ting Le, B. Kleinschmit
ABSTRACT This paper takes an urban planning perspective on environmental justice by separately analysing vulnerable socioeconomic groups for multiple environmental burden (EB) at the neighbourhood level in Berlin. We selected five socioeconomic groups: i) beneficiaries of social welfare, ii) inhabitants with migration background, iii) old-age poverty, iv) child poverty, and v) single-parent households. Four ecological indicators, i) air pollution, ii) noise pollution, iii) bioclimate (heat stress), and iv) lack of urban green spaces were merged to assess multiple EB at the Planning Area Level. Combining environmental and socioeconomic maps we identified hotspots of environmental injustice (EIJ) and demonstrate that selected vulnerable socioeconomic groups are disproportionately more affected by multiple EB than population not belonging to these groups. Some of the identified hotspots overlap, except for single-parent households. Finally, multi-purpose planning measures that mitigate the EBs considering the needs of the socioeconomic groups are recommended.
摘要:本文从城市规划的角度出发,分别分析了柏林社区层面弱势社会经济群体的多重环境负担(EB)。我们选择了五个社会经济群体:1)社会福利受益人,2)移民背景居民,3)老年贫困,4)儿童贫困,5)单亲家庭。将四个生态指标(i)空气污染、ii)噪音污染、iii)生物气候(热应力)和iv)城市绿地缺乏合并,在规划区层面评估多个EB。结合环境和社会经济地图,我们确定了环境不公正热点(EIJ),并证明了选定的弱势社会经济群体比不属于这些群体的人群更不成比例地受到多重EB的影响。除了单亲家庭外,一些已确定的热点是重叠的。最后,建议采取多目的规划措施,考虑社会经济群体的需求,减轻EBs。
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引用次数: 5
Seeking low carbon urban design through modelling of carbon emission from different sources in urban neighbourhoods, case study: Semnan 通过城市社区不同来源的碳排放建模寻求低碳城市设计,案例研究:Semnan
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2021.1904245
Elahe Sadat Mousavi Sarvine Baghi, E. Ranjbar
ABSTRACT Today, low carbon policies are more important in developing countries such as Iran with an oil-based economy. The present study addresses Semnan as a major Iranian city and attempts to examine carbon emissions from residential buildings, industrial plants and motor vehicles with new methodology to analyse the interaction of urban design and carbon emissions. First, carbon emission sources were examined; then, the summarised models and methods based on background researches have been divided into two general categories of carbon emission calculation and simulation to be used in softwares based on the level of accuracy and nature of their sources. The results show that the increased penetration of carbon emissions into residential areas can be reduced by designs that conform to climate changes (such as block arrangements and orientations) to avoid the pollutant to enter and to reduce the need for energy consumption.
如今,低碳政策在伊朗等以石油为基础的发展中国家更为重要。本研究将塞姆南作为伊朗的一个主要城市,并试图用新的方法来分析城市设计和碳排放的相互作用,以检查住宅建筑、工业厂房和机动车辆的碳排放。首先,对碳排放源进行了分析;然后,基于背景研究总结出的模型和方法,根据模型和方法的准确性和来源性质,将其分为两大类,分别用于碳排放计算和模拟。结果表明,适应气候变化的设计(如街区布置和朝向)可以减少碳排放进入居民区的增加,以避免污染物进入并减少对能源消耗的需求。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development
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