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A perspective for transforming central areas of South African cities into great places 将南非城市的中心地区转变为伟大的地方的视角
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2140666
D. Das
ABSTRACT The city centres of South African cities are in the process of degeneration and need transformation. The study assessed the current scenario of the various physical, spatial, and socio-economic attributes of central areas of three South African cities and explored how they can be transformed into great places. The challenges related to physical and visual elements, liveability, social and cultural elements, productivity and sustainability, and human experience and richness were identified. Three important strategies that include community participation is likely to change perceptions and enhance belongingness and ownership, the integration of ICT and the revitalisation of public artefacts and places including cultural and tourist elements and enhancement of accessibility are found to be essential for the revitalisation of the city centres, enhancement of economic activities and vibrancy. Therefore, it is theorised that a combination of these strategies could transform the degenerating city centres into great places.
南非城市的中心正处于退化的过程中,需要转型。该研究评估了南非三个城市中心地区的各种物理、空间和社会经济属性的现状,并探讨了如何将它们转变为伟大的地方。确定了与物理和视觉元素、宜居性、社会和文化元素、生产力和可持续性以及人类经验和丰富性相关的挑战。三个重要的策略,包括社区参与可能会改变观念,增强归属感和所有权,信息通信技术的整合和公共文物和场所的振兴,包括文化和旅游元素,以及提高可达性,被认为是城市中心振兴的必要条件,增强经济活动和活力。因此,从理论上讲,这些策略的结合可以将退化的城市中心转变为伟大的地方。
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引用次数: 1
Walking down the street: how does the built environment promote physical activity? A case study of Indonesian cities 走在街上:建筑环境如何促进身体活动?以印尼城市为例
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2135099
Irfani Fithria Ummul Muzayanah, Ashintya Damayati, Kenny Devita Indraswari, Eldo Malba Simanjuntak, Tika Arundina
ABSTRACT This research merges individual self-reported physical-activity data from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with data on Indonesian cities’ and municipalities’ built environments and employs cross-sectional multilevel regression to disentangle the relevant factors that affect individual incentives to engage in physical activity. The results suggest that high-density settings and land-use diversity in Indonesian urban settings adversely affect the incentive to engage in physical activity. Our finding reflects the common case of developing countries where the main problem arises from insufficient urban planning, which further results in other issues such as conventional land use and low-level safety and security. Thus, the result implies the urgency to improve built-environment planning in Indonesia to create a more supportive living environment that encourages residents to be more physically active, hence creating a healthier society.
本研究将来自印度尼西亚家庭生活调查(IFLS)第五波的个人自我报告的体育活动数据与印度尼西亚城市和市政当局的建筑环境数据相结合,并采用横截面多水平回归来分析影响个人参与体育活动动机的相关因素。结果表明,印度尼西亚城市环境中的高密度环境和土地利用多样性对从事体育活动的激励产生不利影响。我们的发现反映了发展中国家的普遍情况,在这些国家,主要问题源于城市规划不足,这进一步导致了其他问题,如传统的土地利用和低水平的安全和保障。因此,研究结果表明,印尼迫切需要改善建筑环境规划,以创造一个更具支持性的生活环境,鼓励居民多锻炼身体,从而创造一个更健康的社会。
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引用次数: 2
Legal land tenure programmes: security and precarity of the poor in Urban India 合法土地保有计划:印度城市穷人的安全和不稳定
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2111434
Banashree Banerjee
ABSTRACT This essay discusses the veracity of legal tenure granted to informal settlers on public land in the context of top-down neo-liberal policies superimposed on an already existing regime of urban regulations and welfare measures. It raises questions regarding the fairness of practices where the poor pay the price for changing development models. Insights from Madhya Pradesh (MP) state in India show that legal tenure documents stimulate incremental investment in building and are considered robust enough for channelling government funding for housing improvement. Such investment is secure until the land becomes valuable enough to support profitable redevelopment or is required for high-profile infrastructure projects to refashion cities. This leads to a mixed bag of security and precarity of the poor in a temporal framework of land markets, law, dramatic reordering of city spaces and dualistic policies catering to the market and to welfare. (143 words)
摘要本文讨论了在自上而下的新自由主义政策叠加于现有的城市法规和福利措施制度的背景下,授予公共土地上的非正式定居者合法使用权的真实性。它提出了关于穷人为改变发展模式付出代价的做法的公平性的问题。来自印度中央邦(中央邦)的见解表明,合法的权属文件刺激了对建筑的增量投资,并且被认为足够强大,可以引导政府为改善住房提供资金。这样的投资是安全的,直到土地变得足够有价值,足以支持有利可图的再开发,或者需要高调的基础设施项目来改造城市。这导致穷人在土地市场、法律、城市空间的戏剧性重新排序和迎合市场和福利的二元政策的时间框架内的安全和不稳定。(143字)
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引用次数: 0
Affordable housing for low-income households through floor area ratio incentive: the case of Manohara settlement in Kathmandu, Nepal 通过容积率激励为低收入家庭提供负担得起的住房:尼泊尔加德满都Manohara定居点的案例
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2103823
Prabhakar Lal Karn, Joonha Park
ABSTRACT The mismatch between the fast-growing urban population and limited urban infrastructure has become a challenge in many emerging cities. The lack of affordable housing leads to burgeoning informal settlements and Manohara informal settlement in Kathmandu is not an exception. This study aims to investigate the current situation in Manohara informal settlement and examine the feasibility of floor area ratio (FAR) incentive in providing affordable housing. A household survey in Manohara informal settlement and simulation analyses of FAR incentive found the followings. Firstly, given the limited budget and little control over the land of Kathmandu by the government, a planning tool focusing on development gain is a suitable option for housing provision for low-income households. Secondly, FAR incentive simulation of land size of 50,000 sq. ft. in Kathmandu shows that 50%p incentive allowance can add 33–93% extra profit to the developers in a housing project, which can be secured for affordable housing for public interest.
快速增长的城市人口与有限的城市基础设施之间的不匹配已经成为许多新兴城市面临的挑战。缺乏负担得起的住房导致了非正式定居点的迅速发展,加德满都的Manohara非正式定居点也不例外。本研究旨在调查马诺哈拉非正式住区的现状,并探讨容积率激励在提供经济适用房方面的可行性。对马诺原非正式住区的入户调查和FAR激励的模拟分析发现:首先,考虑到预算有限,政府对加德满都的土地几乎没有控制,一个专注于发展收益的规划工具是为低收入家庭提供住房的合适选择。其次,土地面积为5万平方的FAR激励模拟。加德满都的一项研究表明,50%的激励补贴可以为住房项目的开发商增加33-93%的额外利润,这对于公共利益的经济适用房是可以保证的。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualising sound making and sound loss in the urban heritage environment 概念化城市遗产环境中的声音制造和声音损失
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2103821
Murray Parker, D. Spennemann
ABSTRACT Human existence is complemented by environmental sounds as by-products of people’s activities as well as intentionally generated sounds that allow human society to function, including transport and traffic sounds and notification sounds. The resulting soundscapes surround and permeate people’s daily existence. Technological, as well as behavioural change causes some of these sounds to become extinct at the local or universal level. While expressions of human communication through spoken words (language) and song are deemed to be heritage and thus formally collected and documented, there is a general lack of consideration of the heritage potential of anthropogenic environmental sounds. Focussing on examples from the state of NSW (Australia), this paper discusses sound loss in the urban heritage environment and advances two variations of a conceptual framework to assist heritage practitioners in decision-making to assess heritage potential in order to safeguard some of these sounds for the future.
作为人类活动的副产品的环境声音,以及人类社会运行中有意产生的声音,包括交通和交通的声音和通知的声音,是人类生存的补充。由此产生的声景环绕并渗透到人们的日常生活中。技术和行为的改变导致这些声音中的一些在当地或全球范围内灭绝。虽然人类通过口语(语言)和歌曲进行交流的表达被视为遗产,因此被正式收集和记录,但人们普遍缺乏对人为环境声音的遗产潜力的考虑。本文以澳大利亚新南威尔士州为例,讨论了城市遗产环境中的声音损失,并提出了两种概念框架的变体,以帮助遗产从业者在评估遗产潜力的决策中,为未来保护其中的一些声音。
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引用次数: 2
Challenges to implementing circular development – lessons from London 实施循环发展的挑战——来自伦敦的经验教训
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2103822
Joesph T. Williams
ABSTRACT Circular development creates more resource efficient, adaptive, and ecologically healthy cities. Circular food and construction systems; the ecological regeneration of contaminated brownfield sites and circular tactical urbanism are just some of the processes and systems adopted by those implementing a circular development pathway. These produce benefits, however, there are many challenges to implementing circular development, demonstrated by two London cases. The research reveals the difficulties low-value, circular activities encounter when competing for space in London. It shows how the imbalance between local supply and demand for circular products prevents scaling-up. It suggest a lack of data monitoring the benefits of adopting circular development, undermines political support. It reveals the conflict between the reliance on civil society to engage with circular actions versus public resistance. It highlights the need for accountability and transparency in the process of implementation and for a regulatory framework to encourage circular development.
循环发展创造了资源高效、适应性强、生态健康的城市。循环粮食和建筑系统;受污染棕地的生态再生和循环战术城市化只是实施循环发展路径的一些过程和系统。这些产生了好处,然而,实施循环发展存在许多挑战,伦敦的两个案例证明了这一点。该研究揭示了低价值、循环活动在伦敦竞争空间时遇到的困难。它显示了循环产品的本地供需失衡如何阻碍了规模的扩大。报告指出,缺乏监测采用循环发展的好处的数据,削弱了政治支持。它揭示了依赖公民社会参与循环行动与公众抵制之间的冲突。它强调了在执行过程中需要问责制和透明度,并需要一个鼓励循环发展的管理框架。
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引用次数: 1
Community-led development and collective land tenure for environmental justice: the case of the Caño Martín Peña community land trust, Puerto Rico 以社区为主导的发展和集体土地所有制促进环境正义:波多黎各Caño Martín Peña社区土地信托的案例
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2096616
M. Veronesi, Line Algoed, María E. Hernández Torrales
ABSTRACT Community-led land ownership can contribute to environmental justice in disaster-prone areas, particularly as it protects vulnerable communities from market-driven displacement often occurring after natural disasters. The article reviews literature linking the climate emergency with disaster resilience and collective land-based models. It brings into focus the case of the Caño Martín Peña communities in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where residents started a Community Land Trust (CLT) in Latin America and the Caribbean, resulting from an extensive process of community participation. We highlight the importance of this case as still one of the only CLT’s in the Global South, a mechanism not yet sufficiently understood as a highly developed instrument for secure land tenure and adaptation to climate change in the Global South. We analyse the mechanisms by which the CLT’s collective tenure model effectively ensures greater environmental justice – both regarding ongoing flooding issues, and specific extreme natural events such as hurricanes. Collective land ownership allows residents to remain in the area despite forces of gentrification and displacement after disasters induced by global warming. We conclude with a reflection on the need for similar land-based solutions, and summon public authorities to consider these as a route to effective environmental management.
社区主导的土地所有权有助于灾害多发地区的环境正义,特别是因为它保护脆弱社区免受自然灾害后经常发生的市场驱动的流离失所。文章回顾了将气候紧急情况与灾害恢复力和集体陆地模型联系起来的文献。它聚焦于波多黎各圣胡安Caño Martín Peña社区的案例,当地居民在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区启动了一个社区土地信托(CLT),这是一个广泛的社区参与过程的结果。我们强调这一案例的重要性,因为它仍然是全球发展中国家仅有的CLT之一,这一机制尚未被充分理解为全球发展中国家保障土地权属和适应气候变化的高度发达的工具。我们分析了CLT的集体权属模式有效确保更大环境正义的机制——既涉及持续的洪水问题,也涉及飓风等特定的极端自然事件。尽管全球变暖引发的灾难造成了士绅化和流离失所,但集体土地所有权允许居民留在该地区。最后,我们反思了类似的陆地解决办法的必要性,并呼吁公共当局考虑将这些办法作为有效环境管理的途径。
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引用次数: 4
Exposing urban sustainability transitions: urban expansion in Alexandria, Egypt 揭示城市可持续性转变:埃及亚历山大的城市扩张
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2056894
A. Soliman, Yahya A. Soliman
ABSTRACT Based on a case study of Alexandria city, Egypt, this paper investigates the configuration, interrelation, and integration of urban expansion within the framework of sustainability transitions to enhance the performance of sociotechnical transitions. It explores two main arguments; first, to evaluate the recent urban planning innovations, and second, to raise awareness of the participatory planning model to enhance the involvement of the three pillars to better integrate urban sustainable development. It presumes there is a linkage between urban sustainability transitions and the geographical transitions. It further evaluates whether this linkage would benefit accommodating the rapid population growth of Alexandria. This research applies an empirical methodology to test concepts and patterns known from theory generating three scenarios from empirical data. Moving beyond the ‘niche–regime dichotomy’, this study concludes that innovative practices and vested interests are typically constituted in a dualistic manner and tend to incite processes of change in both.
本文以埃及亚历山大市为例,探讨了可持续性转型框架下城市扩张的配置、相互关系和整合,以提高社会技术转型的绩效。它探讨了两个主要论点;首先,评估最近的城市规划创新,其次,提高参与式规划模式的认识,以增强三大支柱的参与,更好地整合城市可持续发展。它假定城市可持续性转型与地理转型之间存在联系。它进一步评估这种联系是否有利于适应亚历山大的快速人口增长。本研究采用实证方法对理论中已知的概念和模式进行检验,从实证数据中生成三种情景。超越“利基制度二分法”,本研究得出结论,创新实践和既得利益通常以二元方式构成,并倾向于激发两者的变化过程。
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引用次数: 6
Social capital vs. anonymity? 3Ds Urban form and social capital development in Indonesian cities 社会资本vs匿名性?3Ds印尼城市形态与社会资本发展
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2074016
Irfani Fithria Ummul Muzayanah, Suahasil Nazara, B. Mahi, D. Hartono
ABSTRACT Discussions on the relationship between urban form and social capital have garnered attention for a long time as they are well documented in the literature. However, the empirical analysis regarding these two issues is still limited. This study proposes a new perspective on the link between the 3Ds (Density, Diversity, and Design) element of urban form and social capital in the global south using the Indonesian context. Using the linear multilevel regression, this study consistently revealed a contradicting result according to which greater residential density is negatively associated with several social capital factors. Surprisingly, more retail areas in cities are adversely associated with some social capital indicators. High connectivity did not necessarily encourage the development of social capital for small-medium cities. This study showed varied associations between density and social capital in small-medium, and large cities, with consistent results regarding land use mix.
长期以来,关于城市形态与社会资本之间关系的讨论一直受到关注,因为它们在文献中得到了很好的记录。然而,关于这两个问题的实证分析仍然有限。本研究以印度尼西亚为例,提出了一种新的视角来研究全球南方城市形态的3Ds(密度、多样性和设计)元素与社会资本之间的联系。利用线性多水平回归,本研究一致揭示了一个矛盾的结果,即较大的居住密度与几个社会资本因素呈负相关。令人惊讶的是,城市中更多的零售区域与一些社会资本指标呈负相关。高连通性并不一定会鼓励中小城市社会资本的发展。该研究表明,在中小城市和大城市中,密度与社会资本之间存在不同的关联,在土地利用组合方面的结果是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
The changing role of employment and alternative income sources among the urban poor: a systematic literature review 城市贫民中就业和其他收入来源的角色变化:系统的文献综述
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/19463138.2022.2082444
V. Pérez, A. Hernández-Solano, G. Teruel, M. Reyes
ABSTRACT We perform a systematic review of the literature on the association between income, employment, and urban poverty from a multidisciplinary perspective. Our results, derived from the analysis of 243 articles, confirm the significant role of employment in the urban poor’s lives, highlighting several factors that constrain their ability to improve their labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, among others. Furthermore, the paper finds different strategies used by the poor to promote their inclusion in their city’s economy. We found a major bias towards research focused on advanced economies, stressing the need for development studies dealing with the specific challenges of developing economies.
我们从多学科的角度对收入、就业和城市贫困之间关系的文献进行了系统的回顾。我们通过对243篇文章的分析得出的结果证实了就业在城市贫困人口生活中的重要作用,并强调了几个限制他们改善劳动力市场结果能力的因素:缺乏公共交通工具、地理隔离、劳动力非正式性等。此外,本文还发现了贫困人口促进融入城市经济的不同策略。我们发现主要偏向于关注发达经济体的研究,强调有必要进行处理发展中经济体具体挑战的发展研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development
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