Anna M. Warmka, E. Cortus, K. Janni, A. Schuft, S. Noll
Highlights While fluorescing gel may evaporate from a surface, luminance of the surface does not change. Fluorescing gel exhibits thresholds beyond which additional gel density does not increase luminance. Fluorescing gel only transfers between surfaces when it is wet. There are limits to relating luminance and mass transfer. Fluorescent material is a useful proxy for contamination transfer demonstration and research. Abstract. Glo Germ fluorescing material is a popular tool for teaching and researching contaminant transfer in and out of agriculture. The objectives of this paper were to: (1) quantify relationships between gel area density (mass per unit area) on a surface and its luminance, and (2) identify factors important in measuring Glo Germ gel transfer from one surface to another. Varying densities of Glo Germ gel were applied to paper, plastic, and rubber surfaces; each combination was replicated three times. Digital images collected over one hour were analyzed for luminance (the average gray value per unit area) under ultraviolet light. Changes in mass were also measured. For the gel transfer objective, a fixed weight was placed over varying wet and dried fluorescent material densities on paper and plastic surfaces. Gel masses were weighed, and images of the surface and receptor were taken before and after transfer. Evaporation was significantly faster (p = 0.0019) on the paper surface compared to the plastic surface. The luminance did not change as the gel evaporated from either surface. For each material, luminance initially increased with increasing density until a threshold, after which additional fluorescing gel density did not change luminance. The thresholds for paper, plastic, and rubber surfaces were 0.018, 0.014, and 0.041 g cm-2, respectively. Wet gel transfer test results suggest that transfer is easier to quantify on the receptor than the source. The dried gel did not exhibit measurable transfer. This research found limitations in equating mass transfer and luminance, but luminance threshold values can inform maximum Glo Germ application for imaging purposes. These research results support continued research and outreach with fluorescent material to reduce and prevent the spread of disease or other harmful contaminants in food and animal production. Keywords: Biosecurity, Fluorescence, Luminance, Mass transfer.
虽然荧光凝胶可能从表面蒸发，但表面的亮度不会改变。荧光凝胶显示阈值，超过该阈值，额外的凝胶密度不会增加亮度。荧光凝胶只有在潮湿的情况下才能在表面之间转移。将亮度和传质联系起来是有限制的。荧光材料是污染转移论证和研究的有效代理。摘要Glo Germ荧光材料是一种流行的教学和研究污染物进出农业转移的工具。本文的目的是:(1)量化表面上凝胶面积密度(单位面积质量)与其亮度之间的关系，以及(2)确定测量Glo Germ凝胶从一个表面转移到另一个表面的重要因素。不同密度的Glo Germ凝胶被应用于纸张、塑料和橡胶表面;每种组合重复三次。对一小时内采集的数字图像在紫外光下的亮度(单位面积的平均灰度值)进行分析。质量的变化也被测量。对于凝胶转移物镜，在纸和塑料表面上不同的湿和干荧光材料密度上放置一个固定的重量。称量凝胶团块，并在转移前后拍摄表面和受体的图像。纸表面的蒸发速度明显快于塑料表面(p = 0.0019)。当凝胶从两个表面蒸发时，亮度没有改变。对于每种材料，最初的亮度随着密度的增加而增加，直到达到一个阈值，在此之后，额外的荧光凝胶密度不会改变亮度。纸张、塑料和橡胶表面的阈值分别为0.018、0.014和0.041 g cm-2。湿凝胶转移测试结果表明，受体上的转移比源上的转移更容易量化。干燥的凝胶没有表现出可测量的转移。这项研究发现了将传质和亮度等同起来的局限性，但亮度阈值可以为成像目的提供最大的Glo Germ应用。这些研究结果支持继续研究和推广荧光材料，以减少和防止食品和动物生产中疾病或其他有害污染物的传播。关键词:生物安全，荧光，亮度，传质。
{"title":"Opportunities and Methods for Using Fluorescent Gel as a Proxy for Pathogen Transfer in Biosecurity Research","authors":"Anna M. Warmka, E. Cortus, K. Janni, A. Schuft, S. Noll","doi":"10.13031/jash.15253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15253","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights While fluorescing gel may evaporate from a surface, luminance of the surface does not change. Fluorescing gel exhibits thresholds beyond which additional gel density does not increase luminance. Fluorescing gel only transfers between surfaces when it is wet. There are limits to relating luminance and mass transfer. Fluorescent material is a useful proxy for contamination transfer demonstration and research. Abstract. Glo Germ fluorescing material is a popular tool for teaching and researching contaminant transfer in and out of agriculture. The objectives of this paper were to: (1) quantify relationships between gel area density (mass per unit area) on a surface and its luminance, and (2) identify factors important in measuring Glo Germ gel transfer from one surface to another. Varying densities of Glo Germ gel were applied to paper, plastic, and rubber surfaces; each combination was replicated three times. Digital images collected over one hour were analyzed for luminance (the average gray value per unit area) under ultraviolet light. Changes in mass were also measured. For the gel transfer objective, a fixed weight was placed over varying wet and dried fluorescent material densities on paper and plastic surfaces. Gel masses were weighed, and images of the surface and receptor were taken before and after transfer. Evaporation was significantly faster (p = 0.0019) on the paper surface compared to the plastic surface. The luminance did not change as the gel evaporated from either surface. For each material, luminance initially increased with increasing density until a threshold, after which additional fluorescing gel density did not change luminance. The thresholds for paper, plastic, and rubber surfaces were 0.018, 0.014, and 0.041 g cm-2, respectively. Wet gel transfer test results suggest that transfer is easier to quantify on the receptor than the source. The dried gel did not exhibit measurable transfer. This research found limitations in equating mass transfer and luminance, but luminance threshold values can inform maximum Glo Germ application for imaging purposes. These research results support continued research and outreach with fluorescent material to reduce and prevent the spread of disease or other harmful contaminants in food and animal production. Keywords: Biosecurity, Fluorescence, Luminance, Mass transfer.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67065637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Highlights Neck and shoulder discomfort found to be most prevalent in veterinary technicians. REBA posture analysis identifies areas of significant risk and provides a benchmark for improvements. Patient restraint and handling put veterinary technicians at significant risk for musculoskeletal disorders. Continuous improvement through the implementation of engineering and administrative controls is mandatory. Abstract. Research addressing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among veterinary technicians is limited. Veterinary technicians are exposed to several activities that require lifting and the adoption of non-neutral postures associated with WMSDs. It is essential to design interventions aimed at reducing WMSDs in this population. The goal of this study was to identify typical, prevalent work tasks that pose high ergonomic risk factors to veterinary technicians, as well as to determine the WMSD risk associated with the work tasks identified in order to implement interventions. A small-animal veterinary clinic in central Wisconsin was contacted for this study. Nine veterinary technicians and assistants participated in assessing musculoskeletal symptoms and identifying tasks with ergonomic risk factors. The tasks with a high count of risk factors were evaluated using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). All participants in this study experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in five or more body regions. They also reported being unable to perform work over the last 12 months due to WMSDs on shoulders, ankles, and feet (33%, n=3), neck and lower back (22%, n=2), and wrists, hands, hips, thighs, and knees 11% (n=1). One of the respondents reported no discomfort over the last seven days, while eight of them indicated discomfort in three or more body areas. Restraining and handling animals, sedation and recovery, and dental procedures were chosen for REBA analysis. Restraining and handling animals had a high-risk REBA score (ranging from 8 to 10). Sedation and recovery had a low to medium-risk REBA score (ranging from 3 to 5). Dental procedure recovery had a low to very high-risk REBA score (ranging from 2 to 11). Our findings suggest that most veterinary technicians come to work experiencing musculoskeletal discomfort and are exposed to significant WMSD risk levels when performing common tasks. This job assessment allows us to recommend administrative and engineering controls to reduce the risk of WMSDs associated with high-risk tasks. Keywords: Ergonomic risk factors, Musculoskeletal symptoms, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Veterinary technicians, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs).
{"title":"Exposure to Ergonomic Risk Factors to Veterinary Technicians at a Small Animal Clinic","authors":"Oscar Arias, Joseph Anthony Proulx, A. Taveira","doi":"10.13031/jash.15223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15223","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Neck and shoulder discomfort found to be most prevalent in veterinary technicians. REBA posture analysis identifies areas of significant risk and provides a benchmark for improvements. Patient restraint and handling put veterinary technicians at significant risk for musculoskeletal disorders. Continuous improvement through the implementation of engineering and administrative controls is mandatory. Abstract. Research addressing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among veterinary technicians is limited. Veterinary technicians are exposed to several activities that require lifting and the adoption of non-neutral postures associated with WMSDs. It is essential to design interventions aimed at reducing WMSDs in this population. The goal of this study was to identify typical, prevalent work tasks that pose high ergonomic risk factors to veterinary technicians, as well as to determine the WMSD risk associated with the work tasks identified in order to implement interventions. A small-animal veterinary clinic in central Wisconsin was contacted for this study. Nine veterinary technicians and assistants participated in assessing musculoskeletal symptoms and identifying tasks with ergonomic risk factors. The tasks with a high count of risk factors were evaluated using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). All participants in this study experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in five or more body regions. They also reported being unable to perform work over the last 12 months due to WMSDs on shoulders, ankles, and feet (33%, n=3), neck and lower back (22%, n=2), and wrists, hands, hips, thighs, and knees 11% (n=1). One of the respondents reported no discomfort over the last seven days, while eight of them indicated discomfort in three or more body areas. Restraining and handling animals, sedation and recovery, and dental procedures were chosen for REBA analysis. Restraining and handling animals had a high-risk REBA score (ranging from 8 to 10). Sedation and recovery had a low to medium-risk REBA score (ranging from 3 to 5). Dental procedure recovery had a low to very high-risk REBA score (ranging from 2 to 11). Our findings suggest that most veterinary technicians come to work experiencing musculoskeletal discomfort and are exposed to significant WMSD risk levels when performing common tasks. This job assessment allows us to recommend administrative and engineering controls to reduce the risk of WMSDs associated with high-risk tasks. Keywords: Ergonomic risk factors, Musculoskeletal symptoms, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Veterinary technicians, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs).","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67065875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Highlights The frequency and severity of lone agricultural worker fatalities is unknown and was found to be higher than expected. Agricultural workers frequently take on complex or hazardous tasks perceived to be doable alone. Of the 368 lone agricultural worker cases documented and reviewed, 74% resulted in a fatality. The leading cause of lone worker incidents analyzed was tractor rollover. Abstract. Research was conducted to explore the nature and magnitude of agricultural injuries and fatalities where the victim was determined to be working alone at the time of the incident. Underreporting of lone agricultural worker injuries and fatalities as an incident classification was identified as a gap in current data collection methods, and discussion of the problem was lacking in the literature. Current incident reporting strategies have fully negated data regarding whether the victim was alone at the time of injury. Approximately 1,000 individual agricultural injury and fatality incident reports from several states were analyzed over a five-year period from 2016 to 2021. A total of 368 incidents were documented in which the agricultural worker was clearly identified as working alone at the time of the injury. Incident causes, age range and sex of the victim, time of year, and hours before the victim was found were analyzed from available case data. Contributing factors identified in these incidents included: (1) the frequency of agricultural workers completing recognized hazardous tasks perceived to be doable alone; (2) distance from emergency medical or rescue services (EMS) in remote areas; (3) lack of communication between the worker and their supervisors, coworkers, or family members; (4) difficulties in physically accessing communication devices if entangled, entrapped, or otherwise impaired; and (5) non-existent or poor cellular coverage due to a lack of towers and a lack of signal in remote, or hilly or wooded areas. Victims working alone were often not found for hours or even days after the incident occurred, resulting in the 74% fatality rate of the sample being significantly higher than situations in which others were present at the time of injury. Keywords: Farm-related injuries, Incident injury and fatality rates, Lone agricultural workers, Tractor rollover.
{"title":"A Summary of Lone Agricultural Worker Injuries and Fatalities","authors":"Aaron Etienne, W. Field, Noah Joel Haslett","doi":"10.13031/jash.15523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15523","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights The frequency and severity of lone agricultural worker fatalities is unknown and was found to be higher than expected. Agricultural workers frequently take on complex or hazardous tasks perceived to be doable alone. Of the 368 lone agricultural worker cases documented and reviewed, 74% resulted in a fatality. The leading cause of lone worker incidents analyzed was tractor rollover. Abstract. Research was conducted to explore the nature and magnitude of agricultural injuries and fatalities where the victim was determined to be working alone at the time of the incident. Underreporting of lone agricultural worker injuries and fatalities as an incident classification was identified as a gap in current data collection methods, and discussion of the problem was lacking in the literature. Current incident reporting strategies have fully negated data regarding whether the victim was alone at the time of injury. Approximately 1,000 individual agricultural injury and fatality incident reports from several states were analyzed over a five-year period from 2016 to 2021. A total of 368 incidents were documented in which the agricultural worker was clearly identified as working alone at the time of the injury. Incident causes, age range and sex of the victim, time of year, and hours before the victim was found were analyzed from available case data. Contributing factors identified in these incidents included: (1) the frequency of agricultural workers completing recognized hazardous tasks perceived to be doable alone; (2) distance from emergency medical or rescue services (EMS) in remote areas; (3) lack of communication between the worker and their supervisors, coworkers, or family members; (4) difficulties in physically accessing communication devices if entangled, entrapped, or otherwise impaired; and (5) non-existent or poor cellular coverage due to a lack of towers and a lack of signal in remote, or hilly or wooded areas. Victims working alone were often not found for hours or even days after the incident occurred, resulting in the 74% fatality rate of the sample being significantly higher than situations in which others were present at the time of injury. Keywords: Farm-related injuries, Incident injury and fatality rates, Lone agricultural workers, Tractor rollover.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Oldham, J. Mazur, Shannon O. Sampson, Nurlan Kussainov, Olukemi Kolawole
Highlights This paper details an evaluation of a piloted community-based farmer suicide prevention training program using a revised Willingness to Intervene Against Suicide Questionnaire. Indicating program utility and impact, willingness to intervene with a person in crisis increased by 0.21 logits (p<0.01) in program participants who completed pre- and post-training surveys. A comparison of growth in the willingness to intervene variable across participant demographics and characteristics revealed a change of 0.43 logits among males, compared to 0.096 for females (p=0.059). Researchers recommend that the program be tailored to consider gender differences. Abstract. In this study, researchers detail an evaluation of a pilot community-based farmer suicide prevention program that used QPR-based training customized for the agricultural community. Community-based mental health programs have been cited as key to addressing the worldwide suicide rate, but evidence of their execution and utility is not well documented, particularly within the agricultural community context. Researchers used Kirkpatrick's (1998) training evaluation model and a pre-post one-group design (Eseryel, 2002) of consenting training participants to conduct a preliminary assessment of programmatic impact. Using a revised Willingness to Intervene Against Suicide Questionnaire (Aldrich et al., 2014), which treated the questionnaire as an interval level scale suitable for parametric analysis, researchers found statistically significant differences in pre-training willingness to intervene between male and female respondents as well as those who work in agriculture and those who do not. An analysis of those respondents who completed both pre- and post-training surveys indicated statistically significant growth of 0.21 logits in the willingness to intervene variable, as well as remarkable growth for male participants in comparison to female participants. Keywords: . Evaluation of suicide prevention program, Farmer suicide prevention, Rasch analysis, Willingness to intervene.
{"title":"Evaluating an Agricultural Community Suicide Prevention Program: Instrumentation and Impact","authors":"C. Oldham, J. Mazur, Shannon O. Sampson, Nurlan Kussainov, Olukemi Kolawole","doi":"10.13031/jash.15050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15050","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights This paper details an evaluation of a piloted community-based farmer suicide prevention training program using a revised Willingness to Intervene Against Suicide Questionnaire. Indicating program utility and impact, willingness to intervene with a person in crisis increased by 0.21 logits (p<0.01) in program participants who completed pre- and post-training surveys. A comparison of growth in the willingness to intervene variable across participant demographics and characteristics revealed a change of 0.43 logits among males, compared to 0.096 for females (p=0.059). Researchers recommend that the program be tailored to consider gender differences. Abstract. In this study, researchers detail an evaluation of a pilot community-based farmer suicide prevention program that used QPR-based training customized for the agricultural community. Community-based mental health programs have been cited as key to addressing the worldwide suicide rate, but evidence of their execution and utility is not well documented, particularly within the agricultural community context. Researchers used Kirkpatrick's (1998) training evaluation model and a pre-post one-group design (Eseryel, 2002) of consenting training participants to conduct a preliminary assessment of programmatic impact. Using a revised Willingness to Intervene Against Suicide Questionnaire (Aldrich et al., 2014), which treated the questionnaire as an interval level scale suitable for parametric analysis, researchers found statistically significant differences in pre-training willingness to intervene between male and female respondents as well as those who work in agriculture and those who do not. An analysis of those respondents who completed both pre- and post-training surveys indicated statistically significant growth of 0.21 logits in the willingness to intervene variable, as well as remarkable growth for male participants in comparison to female participants. Keywords: . Evaluation of suicide prevention program, Farmer suicide prevention, Rasch analysis, Willingness to intervene.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67065470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terenceno Irumva, Herve Mwunguzi, Santosh K. Pitla, B. Lowndes, A. Yoder, Ka-Chun Siu
Highlights A machine learning-based real-time monitoring system for agricultural machinery operators was developed. Categorization of tractor operators’ behaviors in real-time into low, medium, and high-risk safety behaviors. Visual and sound feedback alert system of Ag-OMS triggered when operators engaged in unsafe operating behaviors. ABSTRACT. The 2015 CS-CASH (Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, 2015) Injury Surveillance Surveys showed that around 19% of injuries to agricultural producers are related to tractors or large agricultural machinery, yet only a limited number of studies are found that address tools and methods for monitoring safety behaviors of agricultural machinery operators in real-time. The current safety behavior monitoring approaches require an in-person presence, which can be both time- and cost-inefficient, and the other available methods lack a feedback element to alert operators in real-time. As a result, the research presented in this study aimed to develop an automated approach to monitoring tractor operators' safety behaviors through the use of a trained machine learning (ML) model and a feedback system to alert operators when they engage in unsafe practices. For the ML model development, a skeleton-detecting algorithm called OpenPose was used to detect real-time human postures in a livestreaming video feed from a camera installed in the tractor cab. The model was then trained on three separate categories of tractor operators’ safety operating behaviors, and this trained classifier was used to label operators’ safety behaviors in real time based on the three safety classes. A feedback mechanism controlled by an onboard microcontroller was then used to alert the operators when unsafe operating behavior was detected to facilitate safe practices. This monitoring system, named Ag-OMS (Agricultural Machinery Operators Monitoring System), monitored the ingress/egress operators’ behaviors in real-time entering and exiting the tractor cab. The Ag-OMS successfully identified the ingress/egress operators’ behaviors with an accuracy of 97% on the testing datasets for all safety risk categories. Keywords: Ag-OMS, Machine learning (ML), Safety behaviors, OpenPose, Tractor operator.
{"title":"Agricultural Machinery Operator Monitoring System (Ag-OMS): A Machine Learning Approach for Real-Time Operator Safety Assessment","authors":"Terenceno Irumva, Herve Mwunguzi, Santosh K. Pitla, B. Lowndes, A. Yoder, Ka-Chun Siu","doi":"10.13031/jash.15357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15357","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights A machine learning-based real-time monitoring system for agricultural machinery operators was developed. Categorization of tractor operators’ behaviors in real-time into low, medium, and high-risk safety behaviors. Visual and sound feedback alert system of Ag-OMS triggered when operators engaged in unsafe operating behaviors. ABSTRACT. The 2015 CS-CASH (Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, 2015) Injury Surveillance Surveys showed that around 19% of injuries to agricultural producers are related to tractors or large agricultural machinery, yet only a limited number of studies are found that address tools and methods for monitoring safety behaviors of agricultural machinery operators in real-time. The current safety behavior monitoring approaches require an in-person presence, which can be both time- and cost-inefficient, and the other available methods lack a feedback element to alert operators in real-time. As a result, the research presented in this study aimed to develop an automated approach to monitoring tractor operators' safety behaviors through the use of a trained machine learning (ML) model and a feedback system to alert operators when they engage in unsafe practices. For the ML model development, a skeleton-detecting algorithm called OpenPose was used to detect real-time human postures in a livestreaming video feed from a camera installed in the tractor cab. The model was then trained on three separate categories of tractor operators’ safety operating behaviors, and this trained classifier was used to label operators’ safety behaviors in real time based on the three safety classes. A feedback mechanism controlled by an onboard microcontroller was then used to alert the operators when unsafe operating behavior was detected to facilitate safe practices. This monitoring system, named Ag-OMS (Agricultural Machinery Operators Monitoring System), monitored the ingress/egress operators’ behaviors in real-time entering and exiting the tractor cab. The Ag-OMS successfully identified the ingress/egress operators’ behaviors with an accuracy of 97% on the testing datasets for all safety risk categories. Keywords: Ag-OMS, Machine learning (ML), Safety behaviors, OpenPose, Tractor operator.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah J. Andersen, M. Pate, Judy Smith, Holly Clement, Rose Judd-Murray
{"title":"Equine Assessment Procedures in Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship Unmounted Programs","authors":"Sarah J. Andersen, M. Pate, Judy Smith, Holly Clement, Rose Judd-Murray","doi":"10.13031/jash.15457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepsi J. Bai, C. Beseler, L. Baccaglini, R. Rautiainen
Highlights Operators reporting stress had 1.9 times as many injuries per year compared to those who did not report stress. Stress, sleep deprivation, and fatigue showed a similar positive association with injuries. Hearing loss and exposure to animal and/or chemical-based allergens were also risk factors for injury. Musculoskeletal pain/discomfort was strongly associated with injuries, making it a potential risk factor or a consequence. Abstract. This study evaluated the association of self-reported occupational stress and injury among farm and ranch operators in the central United States. Randomly sampled operators received mail surveys with questions related to injuries, chronic health conditions, work exposures, and preventive measures in 2018 and 2020. Injury risk factors were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis. Out of 6,744 participants, 836 (12%) reported at least one injury in the past 12 months and 1,766 (26%) reported work-related stress. The percentage of those reporting stress was 24% among those with no injuries, 36% among those with one injury, and 66% among those with two or more injuries. Similar percentages across the three injury categories were found for sleep deprivation (21%, 30%, and 51%) and fatigue (25%, 39%, and 66%). A high perceived stress level was a risk factor for injury in the final adjusted model (adjusted Rate Ratio (aRR): 1.93, 95% CI: 1.65 to 2.25) when controlling for hearing loss (aRR: 1.25, CI: 1.25 to 1.75) and exposure to animal and/or chemical based allergens (aRR: 1.49, CI: 1.17 to 1.91). With musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) in the model, the association of stress and injuries was attenuated (aRR: 1.54, CI: 1.32 to 1.79) while MSS had a strong association with injuries (aRR: 3.79, CI: 3.00 to 4.78). Stress, sleep deprivation, and fatigue were associated with injuries in a dose-response manner. Preventing injuries among farmers and ranchers requires a focus on stress reduction and related health conditions. Keywords: Agriculture, Fatigue, Hearing Loss, Injury, Musculoskeletal discomfort, Stress.
{"title":"Work-Related Stress as a Risk Factor for Farm Injuries in the Central United States","authors":"Hepsi J. Bai, C. Beseler, L. Baccaglini, R. Rautiainen","doi":"10.13031/jash.14951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.14951","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Operators reporting stress had 1.9 times as many injuries per year compared to those who did not report stress. Stress, sleep deprivation, and fatigue showed a similar positive association with injuries. Hearing loss and exposure to animal and/or chemical-based allergens were also risk factors for injury. Musculoskeletal pain/discomfort was strongly associated with injuries, making it a potential risk factor or a consequence. Abstract. This study evaluated the association of self-reported occupational stress and injury among farm and ranch operators in the central United States. Randomly sampled operators received mail surveys with questions related to injuries, chronic health conditions, work exposures, and preventive measures in 2018 and 2020. Injury risk factors were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis. Out of 6,744 participants, 836 (12%) reported at least one injury in the past 12 months and 1,766 (26%) reported work-related stress. The percentage of those reporting stress was 24% among those with no injuries, 36% among those with one injury, and 66% among those with two or more injuries. Similar percentages across the three injury categories were found for sleep deprivation (21%, 30%, and 51%) and fatigue (25%, 39%, and 66%). A high perceived stress level was a risk factor for injury in the final adjusted model (adjusted Rate Ratio (aRR): 1.93, 95% CI: 1.65 to 2.25) when controlling for hearing loss (aRR: 1.25, CI: 1.25 to 1.75) and exposure to animal and/or chemical based allergens (aRR: 1.49, CI: 1.17 to 1.91). With musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) in the model, the association of stress and injuries was attenuated (aRR: 1.54, CI: 1.32 to 1.79) while MSS had a strong association with injuries (aRR: 3.79, CI: 3.00 to 4.78). Stress, sleep deprivation, and fatigue were associated with injuries in a dose-response manner. Preventing injuries among farmers and ranchers requires a focus on stress reduction and related health conditions. Keywords: Agriculture, Fatigue, Hearing Loss, Injury, Musculoskeletal discomfort, Stress.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67065270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kayla Faust, Carri Casteel, Fredric Gerr, Joseph E Cavanaugh, D Erik Boonstra, T Renee Anthony, Victor A Soupene, Marizen R Ramirez
Agriculture is among the most dangerous industries in the U.S., yet routine surveillance of injury hazards is not currently being conducted on a national level. The objectives of this study were to describe a new tool, called the Hazard Assessment Checklist (HAC), to identify and characterize farm hazards that increase injury risk to farmers and farm workers, and (2) report the inter-rater reliability of the new tool when administered on row-crop farms in Iowa. Based on a literature review and a consensus of expert opinion, the HAC included hazards related to self-propelled vehicles, powered portable implements, fixed machinery and equipment, farm buildings and structures, fall risks, and portable equipment associated with fall risk. A scoring metric indicating the extent of compliance with recommended safety guidelines and standards was developed for each item of the HAC, which included compliant, minimal improvement needed, substantial improvement needed, and not compliant. Inter-rater reliability was assessed from data collected by research staff on 52 row crop farms in Iowa. Cohen's weighted Kappa values demonstrated high inter-rater reliability, ranging between 0.86 and 0.94, for all HAC sections. The HAC can be completed in 1.5-2 hours on each farm and requires about three hours of training, two hours of which are spent in field training. The ability to monitor injury-related hazards over time using an empirically driven tool will contribute significantly to injury prevention efforts in an industry with consistently high rates of fatal and nonfatal injury.
{"title":"Development of a Checklist to Identify Injury Hazards on Row Crop Farms in the Midwestern United States.","authors":"Kayla Faust, Carri Casteel, Fredric Gerr, Joseph E Cavanaugh, D Erik Boonstra, T Renee Anthony, Victor A Soupene, Marizen R Ramirez","doi":"10.13031/jash.15269","DOIUrl":"10.13031/jash.15269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agriculture is among the most dangerous industries in the U.S., yet routine surveillance of injury hazards is not currently being conducted on a national level. The objectives of this study were to describe a new tool, called the Hazard Assessment Checklist (HAC), to identify and characterize farm hazards that increase injury risk to farmers and farm workers, and (2) report the inter-rater reliability of the new tool when administered on row-crop farms in Iowa. Based on a literature review and a consensus of expert opinion, the HAC included hazards related to self-propelled vehicles, powered portable implements, fixed machinery and equipment, farm buildings and structures, fall risks, and portable equipment associated with fall risk. A scoring metric indicating the extent of compliance with recommended safety guidelines and standards was developed for each item of the HAC, which included compliant, minimal improvement needed, substantial improvement needed, and not compliant. Inter-rater reliability was assessed from data collected by research staff on 52 row crop farms in Iowa. Cohen's weighted Kappa values demonstrated high inter-rater reliability, ranging between 0.86 and 0.94, for all HAC sections. The HAC can be completed in 1.5-2 hours on each farm and requires about three hours of training, two hours of which are spent in field training. The ability to monitor injury-related hazards over time using an empirically driven tool will contribute significantly to injury prevention efforts in an industry with consistently high rates of fatal and nonfatal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10870839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67065976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devon Meadowcroft, M. N. Robertson, Marina Denny, M. Rayner, Amanda M. Stone, Jeff Johnson, D. Buys
Highlights There is a concern that agricultural producers could be misusing opioids to cope with stress and injuries. Focus groups were held in Mississippi to determine perceptions of opioid misuse in the agricultural community. Results found that alcohol misuse, not opioid misuse, is an issue for Mississippi agricultural producers. Focus group participants believe that other groups in their communities have issues with opioid misuse. Abstract. Opioid misuse has been identified as a concern among the farming community. The aim of this study is to identify how opioid misuse is perceived in agricultural communities across the state of Mississippi. A series of focus groups were conducted with University Agricultural and Natural Resource Extension agents and agricultural producers in Mississippi between November 2020 and February 2021. Focus group transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis. Both university Extension agents and agriculture producers believe that opioid misuse is more of a concern in the greater rural community, amongst younger individuals, as opposed to being a concern for producers themselves. Extension agents stated that the unique personalities of agricultural producers might prevent them from being upfront about any of their opioid misuse. Agricultural producers stated that alcohol misuse is more of a concern among their peers than opioid misuse and that opioid misuse is present in farm labor. Generally, the focus groups revealed that participants did not think that opioid misuse was an issue for agricultural producers in Mississippi. However, participants identified other groups in their communities as having issues with opioids. The private nature of agricultural producers could be a reason why opioid misuse is not perceived to be widespread in that group. Alcohol misuse was observed as an issue for agricultural producers in the producer focus groups. Keywords: Agriculture, Farming, Focus groups, Opioids, Mississippi.
{"title":"Perceptions of Opioid Misuse in Mississippi Agricultural Communities: Focus Group Findings","authors":"Devon Meadowcroft, M. N. Robertson, Marina Denny, M. Rayner, Amanda M. Stone, Jeff Johnson, D. Buys","doi":"10.13031/jash.15250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15250","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights There is a concern that agricultural producers could be misusing opioids to cope with stress and injuries. Focus groups were held in Mississippi to determine perceptions of opioid misuse in the agricultural community. Results found that alcohol misuse, not opioid misuse, is an issue for Mississippi agricultural producers. Focus group participants believe that other groups in their communities have issues with opioid misuse. Abstract. Opioid misuse has been identified as a concern among the farming community. The aim of this study is to identify how opioid misuse is perceived in agricultural communities across the state of Mississippi. A series of focus groups were conducted with University Agricultural and Natural Resource Extension agents and agricultural producers in Mississippi between November 2020 and February 2021. Focus group transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis. Both university Extension agents and agriculture producers believe that opioid misuse is more of a concern in the greater rural community, amongst younger individuals, as opposed to being a concern for producers themselves. Extension agents stated that the unique personalities of agricultural producers might prevent them from being upfront about any of their opioid misuse. Agricultural producers stated that alcohol misuse is more of a concern among their peers than opioid misuse and that opioid misuse is present in farm labor. Generally, the focus groups revealed that participants did not think that opioid misuse was an issue for agricultural producers in Mississippi. However, participants identified other groups in their communities as having issues with opioids. The private nature of agricultural producers could be a reason why opioid misuse is not perceived to be widespread in that group. Alcohol misuse was observed as an issue for agricultural producers in the producer focus groups. Keywords: Agriculture, Farming, Focus groups, Opioids, Mississippi.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenna L Gibbs, Carolyn Sheridan, Farzaneh Khorsandi, A. Yoder
Highlights Previous quad bike educational interventions focused solely on operator behavior, leading to positive shifts in ‘safety knowledge’ but very little change in actual rider behavior. Discussions in a recent virtual ATV Safety Symposium hosted by the University of California-Davis (2022) emphasized building agricultural community awareness of quad bike engineering controls—particularly in the U.S. and other nations. Outreach specialists in agriculture should begin to prioritize more discussion of quad bike engineering controls in training programs. Abstract. To date, most quad bike educational programs have featured an operator-focused approach, focusing on adherence to administrative controls, personal responsibility, and personal protective equipment. Though these programs lead to shifts in ‘safety knowledge’, they result in very little change in actual rider behavior. In this perspectives article, we highlight discussions from a recent ATV Safety Symposium and USDA-NIFA review of agricultural ATV safety in the U.S. that highlight the dire need for building agricultural community awareness of quad bike engineering controls such as CPDs, wider and more stable frame designs, and others. Although CPDs were introduced 15 years ago, we continue to observe low awareness of this and other important quad bike safety features among young adults in agriculture. We believe that it will be critical to apply some of the recommendations outlined in this article to improve future outreach programs focused on quad bike safety for agricultural occupational use. If rural, agricultural communities learn to accept and respect these life-saving technologies, future standards, policies, and legislative actions are more likely to be well-received. Keywords: Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle (ATV), Crush-protection device (CPD), Engineering, Operator, Outreach, Quad bike, Safety.
以前的四轮摩托车教育干预只关注驾驶员行为，导致“安全知识”的积极转变，但实际驾驶员行为的变化很小。在最近由加州大学戴维斯分校(University of California-Davis)主办的虚拟ATV安全研讨会(2022)上，讨论强调了建立农业社区对四轮摩托车工程控制的认识，特别是在美国和其他国家。农业方面的外联专家应该开始在培训计划中优先考虑更多关于四轮摩托车工程控制的讨论。摘要迄今为止，大多数四轮摩托车教育项目都以操作员为中心，注重遵守行政控制、个人责任和个人防护装备。虽然这些项目导致了“安全知识”的转变，但它们对骑手的实际行为几乎没有改变。在这篇观点文章中，我们重点讨论了最近一次亚视安全研讨会的讨论以及美国农业部- nifa对美国农业亚视安全的回顾，强调了迫切需要建立农业社区对四轮摩托车工程控制的认识，如cpd，更宽更稳定的框架设计等。尽管cpd早在15年前就被引入，但我们仍然观察到农业年轻人对这个和其他重要的四轮自行车安全特征的认识很低。我们认为，应用本文中概述的一些建议来改善未来的推广计划是至关重要的，重点是农业职业使用的四轮自行车安全。如果农村农业社区学会接受和尊重这些拯救生命的技术，未来的标准、政策和立法行动就更有可能受到欢迎。关键词:农业，全地形车(ATV)，碰撞保护装置(CPD)，工程，操作员，外联，四轮摩托车，安全。
{"title":"Perspective: Emphasizing Safe Engineering Design Features of Quad Bikes in Agricultural Safety Programs","authors":"Jenna L Gibbs, Carolyn Sheridan, Farzaneh Khorsandi, A. Yoder","doi":"10.13031/jash.15351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15351","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Previous quad bike educational interventions focused solely on operator behavior, leading to positive shifts in ‘safety knowledge’ but very little change in actual rider behavior. Discussions in a recent virtual ATV Safety Symposium hosted by the University of California-Davis (2022) emphasized building agricultural community awareness of quad bike engineering controls—particularly in the U.S. and other nations. Outreach specialists in agriculture should begin to prioritize more discussion of quad bike engineering controls in training programs. Abstract. To date, most quad bike educational programs have featured an operator-focused approach, focusing on adherence to administrative controls, personal responsibility, and personal protective equipment. Though these programs lead to shifts in ‘safety knowledge’, they result in very little change in actual rider behavior. In this perspectives article, we highlight discussions from a recent ATV Safety Symposium and USDA-NIFA review of agricultural ATV safety in the U.S. that highlight the dire need for building agricultural community awareness of quad bike engineering controls such as CPDs, wider and more stable frame designs, and others. Although CPDs were introduced 15 years ago, we continue to observe low awareness of this and other important quad bike safety features among young adults in agriculture. We believe that it will be critical to apply some of the recommendations outlined in this article to improve future outreach programs focused on quad bike safety for agricultural occupational use. If rural, agricultural communities learn to accept and respect these life-saving technologies, future standards, policies, and legislative actions are more likely to be well-received. Keywords: Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle (ATV), Crush-protection device (CPD), Engineering, Operator, Outreach, Quad bike, Safety.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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