{"title":"Taxis vs. Uber: Courts, markets, and technology in Buenos Aires. By Juan Manuel del Nido. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021. 256 pp.","authors":"Jean-Philippe Warren","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12264","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The laziness myth: Narratives of work and the good life in South Africa. By Christine Jeske. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020. 246 pp.","authors":"Xinyan Peng","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12261","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48135983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The organization of ancient economies: A global perspective. By Kenneth Hirth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 462 pp.","authors":"Glenn R. Storey","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12263","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44156449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mass conspiracy to feed people: Food Not Bombs and the world-class waste of global cities. By David Boarder Giles. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 320 pp.","authors":"Kelly Alexander","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12259","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contributes to contemporary ethnographies concerning poverty and digital financial inclusion in Europe. More specifically, it explores how poor Roma families engage with digital banking cards at home in Romania and when they travel to work in the informal economy in Denmark. The analysis conceptually unfolds “access” as a framework for financial inclusion and applies it to an empirical case of three brothers in a Roma family. On this basis, the article argues that cashless initiatives can, perhaps unintentionally, be a driving element in new practices of social exclusion. Without a comprehensive approach toward ensuring “de facto access” for the marginalized communities, which takes all dimensions of access into account, digital financial initiatives can potentially push them further to the periphery of the global economy.
{"title":"Accessing cash(lessness): Cash dependency, debt, and digital finance in a marginalized Roma neighborhood","authors":"Camilla Ida Ravnbøl","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article contributes to contemporary ethnographies concerning poverty and digital financial inclusion in Europe. More specifically, it explores how poor Roma families engage with digital banking cards at home in Romania and when they travel to work in the informal economy in Denmark. The analysis conceptually unfolds “access” as a framework for financial inclusion and applies it to an empirical case of three brothers in a Roma family. On this basis, the article argues that cashless initiatives can, perhaps unintentionally, be a driving element in new practices of social exclusion. Without a comprehensive approach toward ensuring “de facto access” for the marginalized communities, which takes all dimensions of access into account, digital financial initiatives can potentially push them further to the periphery of the global economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sea2.12265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47811187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Missionary, citizen, and consumer: Evangelical American child sponsorship and humanitarian marketing in the 1950s and 1960s","authors":"Kari B. Henquinet","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50831026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there are many studies on informal workers juggling multiple jobs, how workers differentiate their jobs economically and morally is less examined. Based on 18 months of fieldwork among urban middle-class entrepreneurs in Brazzaville, this article argues that entrepreneurs in the informal economy work on multiple projects that complement each other in terms of economic gains and moralities, a pattern I call “patch-work.” Some projects are pitched in entrepreneurial competitions to gain funds, awards, and training and traveling opportunities. Others can generate more stable cash flows to support other projects. Yet others are not for profit but rather to expand one's social network. Despite being unable to generate income quickly, projects deemed entrepreneurial are kept for years, as they have high moral value. Thus, rather than simply maximizing profits, an entrepreneur in the informal economy “patch-works” to pursue economic, social, and moral goals at the same time. Moreover, the moral values are highly diverse and debated among the entrepreneurs, showing that they cannot be reduced to a single logic. Patch-working shows that, rather than passively coping with precarity or following neoliberalism, some working in the informal economy actively construct their working patterns to meet their multifaceted pursuits.
{"title":"Patch-work: The economic and moral complementarity of informal entrepreneurs' multiple projects in Congo-Brazzaville","authors":"Rundong Ning","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although there are many studies on informal workers juggling multiple jobs, how workers differentiate their jobs economically and morally is less examined. Based on 18 months of fieldwork among urban middle-class entrepreneurs in Brazzaville, this article argues that entrepreneurs in the informal economy work on multiple projects that complement each other in terms of economic gains and moralities, a pattern I call “patch-work.” Some projects are pitched in entrepreneurial competitions to gain funds, awards, and training and traveling opportunities. Others can generate more stable cash flows to support other projects. Yet others are not for profit but rather to expand one's social network. Despite being unable to generate income quickly, projects deemed entrepreneurial are kept for years, as they have high moral value. Thus, rather than simply maximizing profits, an entrepreneur in the informal economy “patch-works” to pursue economic, social, and moral goals at the same time. Moreover, the moral values are highly diverse and debated among the entrepreneurs, showing that they cannot be reduced to a single logic. Patch-working shows that, rather than passively coping with precarity or following neoliberalism, some working in the informal economy actively construct their working patterns to meet their multifaceted pursuits.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child sponsorship has been a wildly successful fundraising strategy for humanitarian and development organizations since the Cold War. This article examines the formative period of child sponsorship's growth and early humanitarian marketing strategies using the case of the now evangelical humanitarian giant World Vision in the 1950s and 1960s. Using archival sources from this period, I identify three channels that appear in World Vision child sponsorship ads and branding: Christian missionary sentimentalism, Cold War citizenship, and American consumerism. World Vision operated in all three channels as it transposed familiar cultural meaning to images, gifts, stories, performances, and experiences circulating in the humanitarian moral economy. World Vision experimented in this period with messaging using emerging marketing strategies in addition to established missionary, military, and political networks and rhetoric. This article considers the various historical threads of child sponsorship as a successful humanitarian fundraising strategy that has endured yet been reworked over time.
{"title":"Missionary, citizen, and consumer: Evangelical American child sponsorship and humanitarian marketing in the 1950s and 1960s","authors":"Kari B. Henquinet","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Child sponsorship has been a wildly successful fundraising strategy for humanitarian and development organizations since the Cold War. This article examines the formative period of child sponsorship's growth and early humanitarian marketing strategies using the case of the now evangelical humanitarian giant World Vision in the 1950s and 1960s. Using archival sources from this period, I identify three channels that appear in World Vision child sponsorship ads and branding: Christian missionary sentimentalism, Cold War citizenship, and American consumerism. World Vision operated in all three channels as it transposed familiar cultural meaning to images, gifts, stories, performances, and experiences circulating in the humanitarian moral economy. World Vision experimented in this period with messaging using emerging marketing strategies in addition to established missionary, military, and political networks and rhetoric. This article considers the various historical threads of child sponsorship as a successful humanitarian fundraising strategy that has endured yet been reworked over time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban-to-rural migration is a rising trend across industrialized countries, the significance of which is not interpreted unanimously. The explanations tend to fall into two competing groups: (a) an alternative to capitalism or (b) perpetuation of the status quo, where, on one hand, the richer participants effect a green lifestyle choice, while the poorer participants follow a coping strategy, on the other. Instead of focusing only on the radical fringe, this article describes and analyzes the diversity of the present-day neorural movement in France. It argues that the neorural movement is a multivocal critique of modern capitalist societies that rapidly transforms into an apolitical lifestyle choice once it is confronted with the capitalist value-making mechanisms. It shows that the deradicalization of rural utopia has to do with social stratification and people's enormous difficulty in reappropriating their agency over their time-use and lives at the household level. Finally, it suggests that the imagery of rural utopia could be mobilized for constructing a shared alternative, but one that would require rewriting the rules of socioeconomic interdependence.
{"title":"Who are neorurals? or, How capitalist time discipline dilutes political projects and makes it difficult to propose an alternative","authors":"Ieva Snikersproge","doi":"10.1002/sea2.12258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.12258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban-to-rural migration is a rising trend across industrialized countries, the significance of which is not interpreted unanimously. The explanations tend to fall into two competing groups: (a) an alternative to capitalism or (b) perpetuation of the status quo, where, on one hand, the richer participants effect a green lifestyle choice, while the poorer participants follow a coping strategy, on the other. Instead of focusing only on the radical fringe, this article describes and analyzes the diversity of the present-day neorural movement in France. It argues that the neorural movement is a multivocal critique of modern capitalist societies that rapidly transforms into an apolitical lifestyle choice once it is confronted with the capitalist value-making mechanisms. It shows that the deradicalization of rural utopia has to do with social stratification and people's enormous difficulty in reappropriating their agency over their time-use and lives at the household level. Finally, it suggests that the imagery of rural utopia could be mobilized for constructing a shared alternative, but one that would require rewriting the rules of socioeconomic interdependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46341626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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