This commentary aims to concisely introduce artificial intelligence and urbantech for urban morphologists. We are in a midst of a new revolution in machine learning with ‘neural nets’ capable of understanding human speech and written language and analysing content on images and videos. The neural nets can semantically parse scenes on images recognizing objects, creating scene graphs, and describing content with text. However, specialized neural nets for urban morphology do not exist. Neural nets can recognise artefacts from specific historical ages or learn about architectural styles only if they are supervised by experts. To create urban morphological architectural intelligence that can help with morphological research or morphologically-informed urban design practices, urban morphologists need to translate their analytics and practices into software specifications. Creating specialized neural nets for urban morphology requires expertise in software engineering and programming effort and seems far in the future, but the International Seminar for Urban Form and Urban Morphology can play a profound role in debating urbantech, needs for intelligent tools and reaching to computational science and technology. Only through coordination and finding synergies the revolution of artificial intelligence will influence urban morphology as urbantech.
{"title":"Urban morphology and artificial intelligence","authors":"Todor Stojanovski","doi":"10.51347/jum.v26i1.4113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v26i1.4113","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary aims to concisely introduce artificial intelligence and urbantech for urban morphologists. We are in a midst of a new revolution in machine learning with ‘neural nets’ capable of understanding human speech and written language and analysing content on images and videos. The neural nets can semantically parse scenes on images recognizing objects, creating scene graphs, and describing content with text. However, specialized neural nets for urban morphology do not exist. Neural nets can recognise artefacts from specific historical ages or learn about architectural styles only if they are supervised by experts. To create urban morphological architectural intelligence that can help with morphological research or morphologically-informed urban design practices, urban morphologists need to translate their analytics and practices into software specifications. Creating specialized neural nets for urban morphology requires expertise in software engineering and programming effort and seems far in the future, but the International Seminar for Urban Form and Urban Morphology can play a profound role in debating urbantech, needs for intelligent tools and reaching to computational science and technology. Only through coordination and finding synergies the revolution of artificial intelligence will influence urban morphology as urbantech.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46736455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Kantarek, K. Kwiatkowski, Wojciech Korbel, V. Djokić, A. Djordjevic, Ana Nikovic, I. Samuels
This project on post-socialist urban form in Belgrade and Krakow was undertaken by the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology and the Institute of Architecture and Urban and Spatial Planning of Serbia, involving field visits to both cities. A brief historical review and discussion of planning contexts is followed by an analysis of urban tissues from which five cases, characteristic of both cities, were selected for analysis. These range from peripheral areas to major city-centre streets and typical modern developments. A GIS database was prepared for each case and comparisons made of land use patterns, the year-by-year establishment of new plots, Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Building Area Ratio (BAR). Plot development is examined through the analysis of the relationship between construction year, plot size, the number of buildings on each plot, and increases of floor and building area ratio. The project highlights parallels between the impacts to which similar urban tissues in the two countries have been exposed during the post-socialist period and reveals the variety of problems and challenges of urban regulation, land ownership and housing investments in relation to post- socialist urban form.
{"title":"Mapping post-socialist changes in urban tissues: a comparative study of Belgrade and Krakow","authors":"A. A. Kantarek, K. Kwiatkowski, Wojciech Korbel, V. Djokić, A. Djordjevic, Ana Nikovic, I. Samuels","doi":"10.51347/jum.v26i1.4111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v26i1.4111","url":null,"abstract":"This project on post-socialist urban form in Belgrade and Krakow was undertaken by the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology and the Institute of Architecture and Urban and Spatial Planning of Serbia, involving field visits to both cities. A brief historical review and discussion of planning contexts is followed by an analysis of urban tissues from which five cases, characteristic of both cities, were selected for analysis. These range from peripheral areas to major city-centre streets and typical modern developments. A GIS database was prepared for each case and comparisons made of land use patterns, the year-by-year establishment of new plots, Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Building Area Ratio (BAR). Plot development is examined through the analysis of the relationship between construction year, plot size, the number of buildings on each plot, and increases of floor and building area ratio. The project highlights parallels between the impacts to which similar urban tissues in the two countries have been exposed during the post-socialist period and reveals the variety of problems and challenges of urban regulation, land ownership and housing investments in relation to post- socialist urban form.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45752923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of urban form in Iran has not produced a substantial body of knowledge. This paper categorizes the works of Iranian researchers into two main groups. The first group comprises the efforts of individual researchers, forming the origins of this field of study. This group includes studies on individual cities or the history of urban form, explanations of the fundamental concepts of urban morphology, and the use of urban form as a general term. The second group comprises the currently-emerging flow of research. This relies on more precise explanations of urban morphological concepts, addressing urban morphology and its varied methods, including space syntax. These publications are categorized by the scale, methodological approach, elements examined, temporal dimension, cities studied, techniques used, relation to other fields of knowledge, major field of study and reliance on a technical vocabulary of urban morphology. This paper thus presents a critical review of the study of urban form in Iran to reveal gaps of this field of research, and identifies the urban morphology domains that remain unexplored by Iranian scholars.
{"title":"The study of urban form in Iran","authors":"M. Abaee","doi":"10.51347/jum.v26i1.4112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v26i1.4112","url":null,"abstract":"The study of urban form in Iran has not produced a substantial body of knowledge. This paper categorizes the works of Iranian researchers into two main groups. The first group comprises the efforts of individual researchers, forming the origins of this field of study. This group includes studies on individual cities or the history of urban form, explanations of the fundamental concepts of urban morphology, and the use of urban form as a general term. The second group comprises the currently-emerging flow of research. This relies on more precise explanations of urban morphological concepts, addressing urban morphology and its varied methods, including space syntax. These publications are categorized by the scale, methodological approach, elements examined, temporal dimension, cities studied, techniques used, relation to other fields of knowledge, major field of study and reliance on a technical vocabulary of urban morphology. This paper thus presents a critical review of the study of urban form in Iran to reveal gaps of this field of research, and identifies the urban morphology domains that remain unexplored by Iranian scholars.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48134461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the mapping of nine historical maps of the ancient capital of Suzhou from 1880 to 1949, this paper examines the early spatial modernization of Suzhou in the late-Qing and Republican eras. The mapping is interpreted as four periods to provide a coherent narrative for the spatial transformation of Suzhou, following a discussion of its historico-geographical features and morphological influences that define the course of the city’s modernity by extracting three key components: the modern road network, public building utilizations of significant modernity, and the growth and fringe of built-up areas. To do so the paper draws upon current debates on the feasibility of urban morphological study of Chinese cities in early-modern times, particularly the idea that applications of typical urban morphological approaches are more limited than those of comparable studies in Europe, to provide a new approach to observe the morphological features and spatial cognition of Chinese traditional cities.
{"title":"Reconsidering the morphological understanding of traditional Chinese cities: a study of the early spatial modernization of Suzhou, 1880–1949","authors":"Shulan Fu, Jiaqi Wang, Guo-cen Sun","doi":"10.51347/jum.v26i1.4110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v26i1.4110","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the mapping of nine historical maps of the ancient capital of Suzhou from 1880 to 1949, this paper examines the early spatial modernization of Suzhou in the late-Qing and Republican eras. The mapping is interpreted as four periods to provide a coherent narrative for the spatial transformation of Suzhou, following a discussion of its historico-geographical features and morphological influences that define the course of the city’s modernity by extracting three key components: the modern road network, public building utilizations of significant modernity, and the growth and fringe of built-up areas. To do so the paper draws upon current debates on the feasibility of urban morphological study of Chinese cities in early-modern times, particularly the idea that applications of typical urban morphological approaches are more limited than those of comparable studies in Europe, to provide a new approach to observe the morphological features and spatial cognition of Chinese traditional cities.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42724131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Early Neolithic street plan at Sha’ar Hagoklan, Israel","authors":"A. Krim","doi":"10.51347/jum.v25i2.4688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v25i2.4688","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"G. Haidvogl, F. Hauer, S. Hohensinner, E. Raith, M. Schmid, C. Sonnlechner, C. Spitzbart-Glasl and V. Winiwarter (2019) Wasser Stadt Wien. Eine Umweltgeschichte","authors":"Alexander Wandl, Birgit Hausleitner","doi":"10.51347/jum.v25i2.4707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v25i2.4707","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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