This paper examines Anne Vernez Moudon’s contributions as a pivotal figure in the field of urban morphology. Employing a combination of a comprehensive literature review, personal interviews with Moudon, and archival research, the paper explores three critical aspects: (i) her research on San Francisco during the 1970s, where she developed a typomorphological method; (ii) her comparative analysis of the three major schools of urban morphology in the 1980s; and (iii) her critical role in facilitating the inaugural meetings of the International Seminar on Urban Form (ISUF) in the 1990s. In doing so, it offers a nuanced understanding of Anne Vernez Moudon’s multifaceted impact on the field urban morphology, highlighting not only her theoretical contributions but also her role as a catalyst in the institutional evolution of the field.
{"title":"From theory-building to institution-building: the contributions of Anne Vernez Moudon to urban morphology","authors":"Neris Saadet Parlak Temizel","doi":"10.51347/um28.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um28.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Anne Vernez Moudon’s contributions as a pivotal figure in the field of urban morphology. Employing a combination of a comprehensive literature review, personal interviews with Moudon, and archival research, the paper explores three critical aspects: (i) her research on San Francisco during the 1970s, where she developed a typomorphological method; (ii) her comparative analysis of the three major schools of urban morphology in the 1980s; and (iii) her critical role in facilitating the inaugural meetings of the International Seminar on Urban Form (ISUF) in the 1990s. In doing so, it offers a nuanced understanding of Anne Vernez Moudon’s multifaceted impact on the field urban morphology, highlighting not only her theoretical contributions but also her role as a catalyst in the institutional evolution of the field.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Street patterns in the United States have changed through time, evolving from a gridiron pattern to one dominated by culs- de- sac and loops by the 1950s. This change has made cities less convenient for pedestrians and cyclists to traverse. This research uses computational GIS techniques to analyze street pattern characteristics at the subdivision level to determine whether this trend toward disconnected street networks has continued over the past 70 years. Results show that the densities of three- and four- way intersections have increased in recent decades, though connectivity between subdivisions has not. Active transportation users may find their immediate neighbourhood more walkable, but remain unable to commute comfortably using those modes. This research also identifies representative subdivisions from Wake County, North Carolina that best reflect this change toward increased intersection density and smaller blocks. The small numbers of entrances to subdivisions have remained largely unchanged for decades. This is identified as a crucial challenge facing suburban street network design for pedestrians and cyclists. Overall, the differences between subdivision street network design in the 1950s and the 2010s is noticeable.
{"title":"Evolving suburbs: measuring US subdivision street patterns over time","authors":"Dave Amos","doi":"10.51347/um28.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um28.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Street patterns in the United States have changed through time, evolving from a gridiron pattern to one dominated by culs- de- sac and loops by the 1950s. This change has made cities less convenient for pedestrians and cyclists to traverse. This research uses computational GIS techniques to analyze street pattern characteristics at the subdivision level to determine whether this trend toward disconnected street networks has continued over the past 70 years. Results show that the densities of three- and four- way intersections have increased in recent decades, though connectivity between subdivisions has not. Active transportation users may find their immediate neighbourhood more walkable, but remain unable to commute comfortably using those modes. This research also identifies representative subdivisions from Wake County, North Carolina that best reflect this change toward increased intersection density and smaller blocks. The small numbers of entrances to subdivisions have remained largely unchanged for decades. This is identified as a crucial challenge facing suburban street network design for pedestrians and cyclists. Overall, the differences between subdivision street network design in the 1950s and the 2010s is noticeable.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban morphology, smart sustainability and space colonization","authors":"Todor Stojanovski, David Adams","doi":"10.51347/um28.000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um28.000","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion of topical issuesin urban morphology","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban form is shaped by numerous factors interacting across various social strata, notably influenced by the dynamics of economic development and urban policy. Urban planning policies related to land use play a vital role in the change and management of urban form. In this context, this study examines the influence of land use regulations on urban form in China, using Nanjing as a case study. We investigate relevant urban planning policies at national, provincial, and local city planning administration levels. Depending on their impact on urban form, these policies can be classified as having a direct impact, an indirect influence or no effect, predominantly encompassing mandatory land use conditions, building layout and guiding principles for urban landscape organization. Focusing on land use regulations at the street- block and plot scale, we established a morphological model adhering to these regulations and a correlation evaluation chart. This correlation was validated using 142 plots and 5 street blocks in Nanjing’s historical city centre. Our findings reveal the implications of these policies on the specific physical structure of the urban form through theoretical and empirical analysis. This research significantly contributes to the method of morphological modelling and the revision of relevant urban policy and design specifications.
{"title":"The relationship between urban form and land-use regulation in China: the case of Nanjing","authors":"Caixia Gao, Hai Lu, Wowo Ding, P. Larkham","doi":"10.51347/um28.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um28.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Urban form is shaped by numerous factors interacting across various social strata, notably influenced by the dynamics of economic development and urban policy. Urban planning policies related to land use play a vital role in the change and management of urban form. In this context, this study examines the influence of land use regulations on urban form in China, using Nanjing as a case study. We investigate relevant urban planning policies at national, provincial, and local city planning administration levels. Depending on their impact on urban form, these policies can be classified as having a direct impact, an indirect influence or no effect, predominantly encompassing mandatory land use conditions, building layout and guiding principles for urban landscape organization. Focusing on land use regulations at the street- block and plot scale, we established a morphological model adhering to these regulations and a correlation evaluation chart. This correlation was validated using 142 plots and 5 street blocks in Nanjing’s historical city centre. Our findings reveal the implications of these policies on the specific physical structure of the urban form through theoretical and empirical analysis. This research significantly contributes to the method of morphological modelling and the revision of relevant urban policy and design specifications.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper gathers fundamental ideas on urban form conceived after the mid-twentieth century. It does not aim to offer a comprehensive literature review or a general theory of urban morphology. The paper’s contribution to debate is the construction of a coherent narrative, gathering different concepts and methods (collected from a growing body of literature of varied relevance) as fundamental parts of a body of knowledge for systematic description, explanation and prescription of the physical form of human settlements. At the beginning of this narrative there is a general morphological framework proposed by M.R.G. Conzen in the mid- twentieth century (section 1). The structural nature of this framework enables insights from within (section 2) and outside the field (section 3), as well as a link into action on the urban landscape (section 4).
{"title":"What do we know about urban form?","authors":"Vitor Oliveira","doi":"10.51347/um28.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um28.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gathers fundamental ideas on urban form conceived after the mid-twentieth century. It does not aim to offer a comprehensive literature review or a general theory of urban morphology. The paper’s contribution to debate is the construction of a coherent narrative, gathering different concepts and methods (collected from a growing body of literature of varied relevance) as fundamental parts of a body of knowledge for systematic description, explanation and prescription of the physical form of human settlements. At the beginning of this narrative there is a general morphological framework proposed by M.R.G. Conzen in the mid- twentieth century (section 1). The structural nature of this framework enables insights from within (section 2) and outside the field (section 3), as well as a link into action on the urban landscape (section 4).","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the use of fractals to identify and analyze the historical values of an urban fabric. The proposed fractal analysis is a novel contribution to valorize a historical fabric as urban heritage. The research focuses on the historical core of Blida, Algeria, and concerns the development of its built fabric over three centuries. The aim is to compare morphological parameters, frequently used to evaluate the fractal dimension of built surfaces, to determine the fabric’s authenticity based on the calculated spatial variations. The findings indicate that the fractal dimension effectively distinguishes Blida’s historical core fabric. Fractal analysis is demonstrated to be a promising tool in this study for describing the form of historical fabrics as well as studying intra- urban genesis and simulation for use as an urban identification tool.
{"title":"Towards the authentication of urban pattern through fractal analysis: the case of Blida, Algeria","authors":"Amel Bellala, Krimo Dahmani","doi":"10.51347/um28.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um28.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the use of fractals to identify and analyze the historical values of an urban fabric. The proposed fractal analysis is a novel contribution to valorize a historical fabric as urban heritage. The research focuses on the historical core of Blida, Algeria, and concerns the development of its built fabric over three centuries. The aim is to compare morphological parameters, frequently used to evaluate the fractal dimension of built surfaces, to determine the fabric’s authenticity based on the calculated spatial variations. The findings indicate that the fractal dimension effectively distinguishes Blida’s historical core fabric. Fractal analysis is demonstrated to be a promising tool in this study for describing the form of historical fabrics as well as studying intra- urban genesis and simulation for use as an urban identification tool.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rebuilding the relationship between urban morphology and environmental psychology","authors":"Mazyar Abaee","doi":"10.51347/um27.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um27.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophia Arbara, Akkelies Van Nes, Ana Pereira Roders
Top world heritage artifacts act as pedestrian flow attractors in historic urban areas. Despite the growing literature on pedestrian movement in cities, evidence of the relationship between cultural attractors and the spatial characteristics of street spaces between these artifacts is scarce. This contribution applies the theory of natural movement and uses diachronic space syntax and micro-spatial analysis to investigate the reciprocities between street networks and the presence of global heritage attractors in the historic urban area of Rome. The results from the macro-scale spatial analyses show good correlations between the current most popular cultural attractors and the global integration of the street network. The degree of spatial integration of the street network is particularly important at the time of construction of important artifacts, as shown in the diachronic analyses. City growth and urban transformation can affect the central position of these important artifacts. However, in the case of highly attractive artifacts, these continue to perform as movement attractors. The result of a local neighbourhood investigation shows that micro-spatial parameters, such as the spatial relationships between building entrances and streets, may influence the choice of routes between important artifacts. Thus, the flows of people’s movement can be influenced by both micro-spatial street characteristics and spatial configuration.
{"title":"Cultural heritage attractors: does spatial configuration matter? Applications of macro- and micro-spatial configurative analysis in the historic urban area of Rome","authors":"Sophia Arbara, Akkelies Van Nes, Ana Pereira Roders","doi":"10.51347/um27.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51347/um27.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Top world heritage artifacts act as pedestrian flow attractors in historic urban areas. Despite the growing literature on pedestrian movement in cities, evidence of the relationship between cultural attractors and the spatial characteristics of street spaces between these artifacts is scarce. This contribution applies the theory of natural movement and uses diachronic space syntax and micro-spatial analysis to investigate the reciprocities between street networks and the presence of global heritage attractors in the historic urban area of Rome. The results from the macro-scale spatial analyses show good correlations between the current most popular cultural attractors and the global integration of the street network. The degree of spatial integration of the street network is particularly important at the time of construction of important artifacts, as shown in the diachronic analyses. City growth and urban transformation can affect the central position of these important artifacts. However, in the case of highly attractive artifacts, these continue to perform as movement attractors. The result of a local neighbourhood investigation shows that micro-spatial parameters, such as the spatial relationships between building entrances and streets, may influence the choice of routes between important artifacts. Thus, the flows of people’s movement can be influenced by both micro-spatial street characteristics and spatial configuration.","PeriodicalId":45374,"journal":{"name":"URBAN MORPHOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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