Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s0212610919000211
{"title":"RHE volume 37 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0212610919000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":" ","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0212610919000211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S0212610918000198
M. Llorca-Jaña, Juan Navarrete-Montalvo, Roberto Araya-Valenzuela, Federico Droller
Abstract This article provides the first series of adult male height for 19th-century Chile. Our aim was not only to assess the trends indicated by height during this period, but also the relationship between stature and both GDP per capita and exports. Having analysed our data, our primary conclusion is that there was a reduction in height for cohorts born in the 1850s and 1860s with respect to cohorts born between 1820 and 1840. Height stagnated thereafter, with small to no improvement towards the end of the 19th century, in line with other Latin American countries for which there is comparable evidence. The increase in per capita GDP and exports during the second half of the century did not result in better biological welfare, as was the case in other Latin American countries during similar export booms. Resumen Este artículo entrega las primeras series de estatura en adultos hombres para Chile en el siglo XIX. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las tendencias mostradas por este indicador durante este periodo, así como su relación con el PIB per cápita y las exportaciones. Habiendo analizado nuestros datos, nuestras conclusiones principales son las siguientes: hubo una reducción en la estatura para los nacidos en las décadas de 1850 y 1860, con respecto a los nacidos en 1820–1849. Posteriormente, la estatura se estancó, un resultado en línea con lo que ocurrió en otros países latinoamericanos para los que existe evidencia. El aumento en las exportaciones y el producto per cápita de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX no se tradujo en un mejor bienestar biológico en Chile, y lo mismo habría ocurrido en otros países latinoamericanos durante similares booms exportadores.
本文提供了19世纪智利第一个成年男性身高系列。我们的目的不仅是评估这一时期身高所显示的趋势，还包括身高与人均国内生产总值和出口之间的关系。在分析了我们的数据后，我们的主要结论是，19世纪50年代和60年代出生的人的身高比1820年至1840年出生的人要低。此后，身高停滞不前，到19世纪末几乎没有改善，与其他有类似证据的拉丁美洲国家一致。本世纪下半叶人均国内生产总值和出口的增加并没有带来更好的生物福利，这与其他拉丁美洲国家在类似出口繁荣时期的情况不同。resume Este artículo entrega las primeras series de estatura en adult hombres para Chile en el siglo XIX。新的目标是对大多数贫困人口在贫困时期的发展趋势进行比较，así como su relación与贫困人口在贫困时期的发展趋势进行比较。关于1820-1849年的数据，关于1820-1849年的数据，关于1820-1849年的数据，关于1820-1849年的数据，关于1820-1849年的数据，关于1820-1849年的数据，关于1850 - 1860年的数据。postiormente, la estatura se estancó， unresultado en línea con lo que ocurrió en otros países拉丁美洲人是否存在证据。在智利的主要贸易伙伴biológico、在智利的主要贸易伙伴biológico、在拉丁美洲的主要贸易伙伴habría、在拉丁美洲的主要贸易伙伴países、在拉丁美洲的主要贸易伙伴都有类似的繁荣出口国。
{"title":"THE PHYSICAL STATURE OF MEN IN 19TH-CENTURY CHILE: ANOTHER CASE OF STAGNATION DURING AN EXPORT BOOM","authors":"M. Llorca-Jaña, Juan Navarrete-Montalvo, Roberto Araya-Valenzuela, Federico Droller","doi":"10.1017/S0212610918000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610918000198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides the first series of adult male height for 19th-century Chile. Our aim was not only to assess the trends indicated by height during this period, but also the relationship between stature and both GDP per capita and exports. Having analysed our data, our primary conclusion is that there was a reduction in height for cohorts born in the 1850s and 1860s with respect to cohorts born between 1820 and 1840. Height stagnated thereafter, with small to no improvement towards the end of the 19th century, in line with other Latin American countries for which there is comparable evidence. The increase in per capita GDP and exports during the second half of the century did not result in better biological welfare, as was the case in other Latin American countries during similar export booms. Resumen Este artículo entrega las primeras series de estatura en adultos hombres para Chile en el siglo XIX. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las tendencias mostradas por este indicador durante este periodo, así como su relación con el PIB per cápita y las exportaciones. Habiendo analizado nuestros datos, nuestras conclusiones principales son las siguientes: hubo una reducción en la estatura para los nacidos en las décadas de 1850 y 1860, con respecto a los nacidos en 1820–1849. Posteriormente, la estatura se estancó, un resultado en línea con lo que ocurrió en otros países latinoamericanos para los que existe evidencia. El aumento en las exportaciones y el producto per cápita de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX no se tradujo en un mejor bienestar biológico en Chile, y lo mismo habría ocurrido en otros países latinoamericanos durante similares booms exportadores.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"239 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610918000198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47079293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000168
J. Martínez-Carrión, R. Salvatore
After four decades of research in anthropometric history, the use of human stature to measure changes in standards of living and inequality has become widespread among economic historians (Blum, 2013; Galofré-Vilà, 2018). In close collaboration with economists, physical anthropologists and biologists, economic historians have shown that stature and other bodily measures, such as weight, robustness, and corporal mass, have been influenced by environmental and socio-economic determinants over long periods of time and across different geographies. Adult height is a good proxy of human welfare, to the extent that it correlates with health, longevity, nutrition, and economic growth, and inform about the evolution of net-nutritional status and biological wellbeing for different social classes, ethnic groups, and sub-groups within the population (Komlos and Kelly, 2016). Anthropometric history is a well-established discipline in Iberian and Latin American regions. The need to have alternative measures of the standard of living in order to explore the past evolution of economies and societies when conventional indicators were not available has been an important consideration among researchers. In an effort to reconstruct historical series of stature, scholars of the region have produced over a hundred studies that combine insights from history, economics, medicine, biology, and physical anthropology. In the last fifteen years, the anthropometric history literature has increased remarkably with important findings
{"title":"INEQUALITY AND WELL-BEING IN IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN REGIONS SINCE 1820. NEW APPROACHES FROM ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY","authors":"J. Martínez-Carrión, R. Salvatore","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000168","url":null,"abstract":"After four decades of research in anthropometric history, the use of human stature to measure changes in standards of living and inequality has become widespread among economic historians (Blum, 2013; Galofré-Vilà, 2018). In close collaboration with economists, physical anthropologists and biologists, economic historians have shown that stature and other bodily measures, such as weight, robustness, and corporal mass, have been influenced by environmental and socio-economic determinants over long periods of time and across different geographies. Adult height is a good proxy of human welfare, to the extent that it correlates with health, longevity, nutrition, and economic growth, and inform about the evolution of net-nutritional status and biological wellbeing for different social classes, ethnic groups, and sub-groups within the population (Komlos and Kelly, 2016). Anthropometric history is a well-established discipline in Iberian and Latin American regions. The need to have alternative measures of the standard of living in order to explore the past evolution of economies and societies when conventional indicators were not available has been an important consideration among researchers. In an effort to reconstruct historical series of stature, scholars of the region have produced over a hundred studies that combine insights from history, economics, medicine, biology, and physical anthropology. In the last fifteen years, the anthropometric history literature has increased remarkably with important findings","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"193 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000193
Richard von Glahn
ABSTRACT The important role of Chinese demand for silver in stimulating worldwide silver-mining and shaping the first truly global trading system has become commonly recognised in the world history scholarship. The commercial dynamism of China during the 16th-19th centuries was integrally related to the importation of foreign silver, initially from Japan but principally from Latin America. Yet the significance of imports of Latin American silver for the Chinese economy changed substantially over these three centuries in tandem with the rhythms of China's domestic economy as well as the global trading system. This article traces these changes, including the adoption of a new standard money of account—the yuan—derived from the Spanish silver peso coin.
{"title":"THE CHANGING SIGNIFICANCE OF LATIN AMERICAN SILVER IN THE CHINESE ECONOMY, 16TH–19TH CENTURIES","authors":"Richard von Glahn","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The important role of Chinese demand for silver in stimulating worldwide silver-mining and shaping the first truly global trading system has become commonly recognised in the world history scholarship. The commercial dynamism of China during the 16th-19th centuries was integrally related to the importation of foreign silver, initially from Japan but principally from Latin America. Yet the significance of imports of Latin American silver for the Chinese economy changed substantially over these three centuries in tandem with the rhythms of China's domestic economy as well as the global trading system. This article traces these changes, including the adoption of a new standard money of account—the yuan—derived from the Spanish silver peso coin.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"553 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41323042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000181
Jin Cao, D. Flynn
ABSTRACT This article provides an initial (partial) estimate of silver quantities held within China around mid-18th century, utilising archival evidence related to wealth confiscations. Better future estimates for overall Chinese silver holdings could also facilitate more accurate estimation of Chinese silver (legal plus illegal) imports. Similar analyses for other world regions could eventually yield estimates for global silver stock holdings, useful in turn for improving global silver mining and trade flow estimates. Extensive contraband silver mining and silver trade are known to have escaped official recordation, by definition. If methodologies suggested herein prove successful, then parallel non-silver-trade-good estimates could follow. Current exclusive focus upon production and trade flows should be reevaluated in the context of linkages with accumulations of goods (wealth components). Economic history could someday provide a prominent stage for the historical study of wealth holdings, thereby furnishing context for increasing wealth concentrations observable worldwide today.
{"title":"GLOBAL QUANTIFICATION AND INVENTORY DEMAND FOR SILVER IN CHINA","authors":"Jin Cao, D. Flynn","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides an initial (partial) estimate of silver quantities held within China around mid-18th century, utilising archival evidence related to wealth confiscations. Better future estimates for overall Chinese silver holdings could also facilitate more accurate estimation of Chinese silver (legal plus illegal) imports. Similar analyses for other world regions could eventually yield estimates for global silver stock holdings, useful in turn for improving global silver mining and trade flow estimates. Extensive contraband silver mining and silver trade are known to have escaped official recordation, by definition. If methodologies suggested herein prove successful, then parallel non-silver-trade-good estimates could follow. Current exclusive focus upon production and trade flows should be reevaluated in the context of linkages with accumulations of goods (wealth components). Economic history could someday provide a prominent stage for the historical study of wealth holdings, thereby furnishing context for increasing wealth concentrations observable worldwide today.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"421 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49168108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000120
Carlos Gabriel Guimarães, R. Greenhill
ABSTRACT The article analyses the development of the coffee export business of the British company Edward Johnston & Co. in the years 1840-1880. Established in 1842 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the firm's senior partner was the English merchant Edward Johnston. The departure of partners and the crisis of 1847 made Edward Johnston reorganise the firm in Brazil. In the 1850s, the company established itself as a family business based in Liverpool and then in London in the 1860s. The expansion of the coffee market in the United States made Edward Johnston create a network of firms which consolidated the company as a major exporter of Brazilian coffee by the late 1870s.
{"title":"TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON & CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880","authors":"Carlos Gabriel Guimarães, R. Greenhill","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyses the development of the coffee export business of the British company Edward Johnston & Co. in the years 1840-1880. Established in 1842 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the firm's senior partner was the English merchant Edward Johnston. The departure of partners and the crisis of 1847 made Edward Johnston reorganise the firm in Brazil. In the 1850s, the company established itself as a family business based in Liverpool and then in London in the 1860s. The expansion of the coffee market in the United States made Edward Johnston create a network of firms which consolidated the company as a major exporter of Brazilian coffee by the late 1870s.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"39 1","pages":"157 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000077
D. Franken
ABSTRACT Trends in human welfare in Brazil have remained shrouded by a dearth of historical evidence. Although quantitative scholars have revealed the efficacy of the First Republic (1889–1930) in fomenting economic progress, the extent to which Brazil's early economic growth fostered improvements in health remains unclear. This paper fills this void in scholarship by relying on hitherto untapped archival sources with data on human stature—a reliable metric for health and nutritional status. My analysis centres heavily on a large (n ≈ 16,000), geographically-comprehensive series compiled from military inscription files, supplemented by an ancillary dataset drawn from passport records (n ≈ 6,000). I document inferior heights in the North and Northeast that predated the advent of industrialisation. At the national level, my findings reveal an increase in stature of over 2.5 cm between soldiers born in the 1880s and those born in the 1910s. In the South and Southeast, I argue that increased real income and public-health interventions explain the earlier upward trend in heights, while rural sanitary reforms were most important in the North and Northeast, where heights remained stagnant until the 1910 decade and diseases such as hookworm and malaria were most rampant. RESUMEN Las tendencias en el bienestar humano en Brasil no han sido estudiadas por una escasez de evidencia histórica. Los estudios cuantitativos muestran la eficacia de la Primera República (1889–1930) para fomentar el progreso económico, pero no queda claro hasta qué punto el crecimiento económico inicial de Brasil generó mejoras en la salud. Este trabajo llena este vacío en la literatura al basarse en fuentes primarias hasta ahora no estudiadas, con datos sobre la estatura humana, una métrica confiable para la salud y el estado nutricional. Mi análisis se centra en una gran serie (n ≈ 16,000), geográficamente integral, compilada a partir de archivos de inscripción militares, complementada por un conjunto de datos auxiliares extraídos de registros de pasaportes (n ≈ 6,000). Se documentan estaturas inferiores en el norte y el noreste que precedieron el advenimiento de la industrialisación. Al nivel nacional, mis hallazgos revelan un aumento en la estatura de más de 2,5 cm entre los soldados nacidos en la década de 1880 y los nacidos en la década de 1910. En el sur y el sureste, el aumento de ingresos reales y las intervenciones de salud pública explican la tendencia alcista en las estaturas, mientras que las reformas sanitarias rurales fueron más importantes en el norte y el noreste, donde las estaturas permanecieron estancadas hasta la década de 1910 y las enfermedades como la anquilostomiasis y la malaria eran más generalisadas.
{"title":"ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY OF BRAZIL, 1850–1950: INSIGHTS FROM MILITARY AND PASSPORT RECORDS","authors":"D. Franken","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trends in human welfare in Brazil have remained shrouded by a dearth of historical evidence. Although quantitative scholars have revealed the efficacy of the First Republic (1889–1930) in fomenting economic progress, the extent to which Brazil's early economic growth fostered improvements in health remains unclear. This paper fills this void in scholarship by relying on hitherto untapped archival sources with data on human stature—a reliable metric for health and nutritional status. My analysis centres heavily on a large (n ≈ 16,000), geographically-comprehensive series compiled from military inscription files, supplemented by an ancillary dataset drawn from passport records (n ≈ 6,000). I document inferior heights in the North and Northeast that predated the advent of industrialisation. At the national level, my findings reveal an increase in stature of over 2.5 cm between soldiers born in the 1880s and those born in the 1910s. In the South and Southeast, I argue that increased real income and public-health interventions explain the earlier upward trend in heights, while rural sanitary reforms were most important in the North and Northeast, where heights remained stagnant until the 1910 decade and diseases such as hookworm and malaria were most rampant. RESUMEN Las tendencias en el bienestar humano en Brasil no han sido estudiadas por una escasez de evidencia histórica. Los estudios cuantitativos muestran la eficacia de la Primera República (1889–1930) para fomentar el progreso económico, pero no queda claro hasta qué punto el crecimiento económico inicial de Brasil generó mejoras en la salud. Este trabajo llena este vacío en la literatura al basarse en fuentes primarias hasta ahora no estudiadas, con datos sobre la estatura humana, una métrica confiable para la salud y el estado nutricional. Mi análisis se centra en una gran serie (n ≈ 16,000), geográficamente integral, compilada a partir de archivos de inscripción militares, complementada por un conjunto de datos auxiliares extraídos de registros de pasaportes (n ≈ 6,000). Se documentan estaturas inferiores en el norte y el noreste que precedieron el advenimiento de la industrialisación. Al nivel nacional, mis hallazgos revelan un aumento en la estatura de más de 2,5 cm entre los soldados nacidos en la década de 1880 y los nacidos en la década de 1910. En el sur y el sureste, el aumento de ingresos reales y las intervenciones de salud pública explican la tendencia alcista en las estaturas, mientras que las reformas sanitarias rurales fueron más importantes en el norte y el noreste, donde las estaturas permanecieron estancadas hasta la década de 1910 y las enfermedades como la anquilostomiasis y la malaria eran más generalisadas.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"377 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. D. Cámara, J. Martínez-Carrión, J. Puche, Josep-Maria Ramon-Muñoz
ABSTRACT This article analyses the evolution of nutritional inequality in Spain among cohorts born between 1840 and 1964. With male height data (N = 358,253), the secular trend of biological well-being and intergenerational anthropometric inequalities are studied based on the coefficient of variation, height percentiles and socioeconomic categories (students, literate non-students and illiterate). The results reveal that the nutritional inequalities were very large in the mid-19th century. Anthropometric inequalities diminished among those born between 1880 and 1919 and increased again, although only moderately, from the cohorts of the 1920s. From the 1930s there was a cycle of sustained increase in height. Despite nutritional improvement, the data suggest that nutritional inequalities increased during the Franco regime, affecting the low-income population segments particularly. RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la evolución de la desigualdad en el estado nutricional neto en España entre las cohortes nacidas entre 1840 y 1964. A partir de estaturas masculinas (N = 358.253) se estudia la tendencia secular del bienestar biológico y la evolución de las desigualdades antropométricas utilizando el coeficiente de variación, percentiles de estatura y categorías socio-económicas (estudiantes, alfabetizados -no estudiantes- y analfabetos). Los resultados revelan que las desigualdades nutricionales fueron muy acusadas a mediados del siglo XIX, hecho asociado al descuelgue del segmento inferior de la distribución de estaturas. Esas desigualdades disminuyeron entre los nacidos entre 1880 y 1919 y aumentaron de nuevo, aunque moderadamente, desde las cohortes de la década de 1920, conviviendo a partir los años treinta con un ciclo sostenido de incremento de la estatura. A pesar de dicho incremento, los datos sugieren que las desigualdades nutricionales aumentaron con el franquismo, afectando especialmente a las clases bajas.
{"title":"HEIGHT AND INEQUALITY IN SPAIN: A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE","authors":"A. D. Cámara, J. Martínez-Carrión, J. Puche, Josep-Maria Ramon-Muñoz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3393414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3393414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the evolution of nutritional inequality in Spain among cohorts born between 1840 and 1964. With male height data (N = 358,253), the secular trend of biological well-being and intergenerational anthropometric inequalities are studied based on the coefficient of variation, height percentiles and socioeconomic categories (students, literate non-students and illiterate). The results reveal that the nutritional inequalities were very large in the mid-19th century. Anthropometric inequalities diminished among those born between 1880 and 1919 and increased again, although only moderately, from the cohorts of the 1920s. From the 1930s there was a cycle of sustained increase in height. Despite nutritional improvement, the data suggest that nutritional inequalities increased during the Franco regime, affecting the low-income population segments particularly. RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la evolución de la desigualdad en el estado nutricional neto en España entre las cohortes nacidas entre 1840 y 1964. A partir de estaturas masculinas (N = 358.253) se estudia la tendencia secular del bienestar biológico y la evolución de las desigualdades antropométricas utilizando el coeficiente de variación, percentiles de estatura y categorías socio-económicas (estudiantes, alfabetizados -no estudiantes- y analfabetos). Los resultados revelan que las desigualdades nutricionales fueron muy acusadas a mediados del siglo XIX, hecho asociado al descuelgue del segmento inferior de la distribución de estaturas. Esas desigualdades disminuyeron entre los nacidos entre 1880 y 1919 y aumentaron de nuevo, aunque moderadamente, desde las cohortes de la década de 1920, conviviendo a partir los años treinta con un ciclo sostenido de incremento de la estatura. A pesar de dicho incremento, los datos sugieren que las desigualdades nutricionales aumentaron con el franquismo, afectando especialmente a las clases bajas.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"205 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-14DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000016
R. Salvatore
ABSTRACT Using the coefficient of variations for heights, this paper examines the evolution of net nutrition inequality in Argentina from 1875 to 1950. It uses various samples of recruits and soldiers, previously gathered by the author. Evidence points to two important findings: (a) export-led growth led to stable or declining net-nutrition inequality; while import-substituting industrialisation generated significant net nutrition inequality; and (b) the highest levels of inequality in net nutrition took place during this latter phase in large urban, industrialised areas. RESUMEN Este artículo examina la evolución de la desigualdad en la nutrición neta en Argentina desde 1875 a 1950, utilizando coeficientes de variación de estaturas. Se hace uso de varias muestras de reclutas y soldados previamente recolectadas por el autor. La evidencia muestra dos hallazgos importantes: (a) el crecimiento agro-exportador fue coincidente con una desigualdad en la nutrición neta estable o declinante; mientras que la industrialización sustitutiva de importaciones produjo un significativo aumento de la desigualdad nutricional; y (b) los mayores niveles de desigualdad en la nutrición neta tuvieron lugar durante esta segunda fase en grandes áreas urbanas e industrializadas.
{"title":"NET NUTRITION INEQUALITY IN ARGENTINA, 1875–1950: NEW EVIDENCE AND SOME CONJECTURES","authors":"R. Salvatore","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using the coefficient of variations for heights, this paper examines the evolution of net nutrition inequality in Argentina from 1875 to 1950. It uses various samples of recruits and soldiers, previously gathered by the author. Evidence points to two important findings: (a) export-led growth led to stable or declining net-nutrition inequality; while import-substituting industrialisation generated significant net nutrition inequality; and (b) the highest levels of inequality in net nutrition took place during this latter phase in large urban, industrialised areas. RESUMEN Este artículo examina la evolución de la desigualdad en la nutrición neta en Argentina desde 1875 a 1950, utilizando coeficientes de variación de estaturas. Se hace uso de varias muestras de reclutas y soldados previamente recolectadas por el autor. La evidencia muestra dos hallazgos importantes: (a) el crecimiento agro-exportador fue coincidente con una desigualdad en la nutrición neta estable o declinante; mientras que la industrialización sustitutiva de importaciones produjo un significativo aumento de la desigualdad nutricional; y (b) los mayores niveles de desigualdad en la nutrición neta tuvieron lugar durante esta segunda fase en grandes áreas urbanas e industrializadas.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"339 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-14DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000132
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
ABSTRACT What was the degree of Brazil's regional inequality in living standards during the first decades of the 20th century? This paper presents municipal and state information on wages and prices in order to build welfare ratios for skilled and unskilled workers between 1912 and 1940. Despite the significant differences in nominal wages and costs of living throughout the country, real wage differentials remained lower than those estimated by earlier studies. Williamson (1999) argued that real wages in the Southeast were approximately six times higher than in the Northeast during the 1930s. The new evidence in this paper suggests that wages were on average only 1.5 times higher.
{"title":"THE NORTH–SOUTH DIVIDE: REAL WAGES AND WELFARE IN BRAZIL DURING THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY","authors":"Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What was the degree of Brazil's regional inequality in living standards during the first decades of the 20th century? This paper presents municipal and state information on wages and prices in order to build welfare ratios for skilled and unskilled workers between 1912 and 1940. Despite the significant differences in nominal wages and costs of living throughout the country, real wage differentials remained lower than those estimated by earlier studies. Williamson (1999) argued that real wages in the Southeast were approximately six times higher than in the Northeast during the 1930s. The new evidence in this paper suggests that wages were on average only 1.5 times higher.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"185 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：