Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s0212610919000375
{"title":"RHE volume 37 issue 3 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0212610919000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0212610919000375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000302
Pedro Gomes, Matilde P. Machado
ABSTRACT In 1940, the Portuguese government approved a massive primary school construction plan that projected a 60 per cent increase in the number of primary schools. Based on the collection of a new dataset, we describe literacy levels in Portugal prior to the plan as well as the plan's strategy regarding the location of schools. We then estimate the causal impact of the increase in the number of schools between 1940 and the early 60s on enrolment and literacy, all at the county level. We conclude the increase in the number of schools was responsible for 80 per cent of the increase in enrolment and 13 per cent of the increase in the literacy rate of the affected cohorts.
{"title":"LITERACY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL EXPANSION IN PORTUGAL: 1940-62","authors":"Pedro Gomes, Matilde P. Machado","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1940, the Portuguese government approved a massive primary school construction plan that projected a 60 per cent increase in the number of primary schools. Based on the collection of a new dataset, we describe literacy levels in Portugal prior to the plan as well as the plan's strategy regarding the location of schools. We then estimate the causal impact of the increase in the number of schools between 1940 and the early 60s on enrolment and literacy, all at the county level. We conclude the increase in the number of schools was responsible for 80 per cent of the increase in enrolment and 13 per cent of the increase in the literacy rate of the affected cohorts.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"111 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47094342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.1017/S021261091900034X
D. Juif, J. Baten, Mari Carmen Pérez-Artés
ABSTRACT We assess the numeracy (age heaping) of religious minorities, particularly Jews, and other defendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions, and compare it with the general Iberian population. Our database includes 13,000 individuals who took part in Inquisition trials, and 17,000 individuals recorded in censuses and parish registers who serve as a control group. We thoroughly discuss the representativeness of our samples for the populations we aim to capture. Our results point at a substantial numeracy advantage of the Judaism-accused over the Catholic majority. Furthermore, Catholic priests and other groups of the religious elite who were occasional targets of the Inquisition had a similarly high level of numeracy.
{"title":"NUMERACY OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL DURING THE INQUISITION ERA","authors":"D. Juif, J. Baten, Mari Carmen Pérez-Artés","doi":"10.1017/S021261091900034X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S021261091900034X","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We assess the numeracy (age heaping) of religious minorities, particularly Jews, and other defendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions, and compare it with the general Iberian population. Our database includes 13,000 individuals who took part in Inquisition trials, and 17,000 individuals recorded in censuses and parish registers who serve as a control group. We thoroughly discuss the representativeness of our samples for the populations we aim to capture. Our results point at a substantial numeracy advantage of the Judaism-accused over the Catholic majority. Furthermore, Catholic priests and other groups of the religious elite who were occasional targets of the Inquisition had a similarly high level of numeracy.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"147 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S021261091900034X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46522427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000284
M. Pérez-García
ABSTRACT This monographic issue of the RHE-JILAEH presents new case studies in order to compare regions of Asia, Europe and the Americas through analysis of global demand for western goods in China (goods of European and American origin) as well as demand eastern goods (of Chinese and Indian origin) in Europe and the Americas. The global circulation of goods included accumulation of American silver in the hands of Chinese merchants and private institutions. Thus, this issue re-evaluates origins of the first globalisation during the 16th century, as opposed to the 1820s. Global trade networks and long-distance alliances in Asia, the Americas and Europe date back to the 16th century when Manila galleon routes were established.
{"title":"CREATING GLOBAL DEMAND: POLYCENTRIC APPROACHES, CROSSROADS OF SILK AND SILVER IN CHINA AND IBERIAN EMPIRES DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA","authors":"M. Pérez-García","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000284","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This monographic issue of the RHE-JILAEH presents new case studies in order to compare regions of Asia, Europe and the Americas through analysis of global demand for western goods in China (goods of European and American origin) as well as demand eastern goods (of Chinese and Indian origin) in Europe and the Americas. The global circulation of goods included accumulation of American silver in the hands of Chinese merchants and private institutions. Thus, this issue re-evaluates origins of the first globalisation during the 16th century, as opposed to the 1820s. Global trade networks and long-distance alliances in Asia, the Americas and Europe date back to the 16th century when Manila galleon routes were established.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"405 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000259
Antonio Ibarra
ABSTRACT This article explores the impact of Asian goods in the Rio de la Plata area through the navigation course of two frigates of the Royal Company of Phillipines, forced by the maritime conflict between the Spanish and British Empires, dock in the Southern estuary. Examining the value and traits of the shipment and the details of the ‘comercio de pacotilla’, this study analyzes the distribution of the goods from China, Philippines and in particular, India, in the port basin, the hinterland of the Viceroyalty, and its connections to the Alto Peruvian space, the trans-Andean region, and the Littoral way to Paraguay. This episode enables an understanding of the distribution of goods, as well as a more detailed recognition of the actors of this traffic and a renewed evaluation of the role of the company in the global market of Asian goods.
本文通过菲律宾皇家公司的两艘护卫舰的航行历程来探讨亚洲货物在里约热内卢de la Plata地区的影响，这两艘护卫舰在西班牙和英国帝国之间的海上冲突中被迫停靠在南部河口。考察了货物的价值和特征以及“pacotilla商业”的细节，本研究分析了来自中国、菲律宾，特别是印度的货物在港口盆地、总督区腹地的分布情况，以及它与上秘鲁地区、跨安第斯地区和通往巴拉圭的沿海地区的联系。这一集使我们能够理解货物的分配，以及更详细地认识到这种交通的参与者，并重新评估公司在亚洲商品全球市场中的作用。
{"title":"EL MUNDO EN UNA NUEZ: DE CALCUTA Y CANTÓN A BUENOS AIRES EN UNA ÉPOCA DE GUERRA. LA INTRODUCCIÓN DE EFECTOS ASIÁTICOS EN LOS MERCADOS SURAMERICANOS, 1805–1807","authors":"Antonio Ibarra","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the impact of Asian goods in the Rio de la Plata area through the navigation course of two frigates of the Royal Company of Phillipines, forced by the maritime conflict between the Spanish and British Empires, dock in the Southern estuary. Examining the value and traits of the shipment and the details of the ‘comercio de pacotilla’, this study analyzes the distribution of the goods from China, Philippines and in particular, India, in the port basin, the hinterland of the Viceroyalty, and its connections to the Alto Peruvian space, the trans-Andean region, and the Littoral way to Paraguay. This episode enables an understanding of the distribution of goods, as well as a more detailed recognition of the actors of this traffic and a renewed evaluation of the role of the company in the global market of Asian goods.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"485 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48973528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000260
Lúcio de Sousa
ABSTRACT The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao–Manila commercial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the profile of the Judaeo-converso merchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16th and early 17th centuries.
{"title":"JUDAEO-CONVERSO MERCHANTS IN THE PRIVATE TRADE BETWEEN MACAO AND MANILA IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD","authors":"Lúcio de Sousa","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao–Manila commercial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the profile of the Judaeo-converso merchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16th and early 17th centuries.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"519 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000223
O. Bajo‐Rubio, V. Esteve
ABSTRACT We analyse the possible optimality of the path followed by the current account of the Spanish economy over a very long period of almost 170 years (1850-2016), according to the intertemporal approach to the current account and using a present-value model. In particular, from the estimation of a bivariate vector autoregression model for the current account, we attempt to assess the extent to which the latter has been used to smooth private consumption over time in the presence of temporary shocks that the economy might suffer. In general, evidence does not seem to be particularly favourable to the validity of the model over the period of analysis.
{"title":"THE CURRENT ACCOUNT OF THE SPANISH ECONOMY, 1850-2016: WAS IT OPTIMAL?","authors":"O. Bajo‐Rubio, V. Esteve","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We analyse the possible optimality of the path followed by the current account of the Spanish economy over a very long period of almost 170 years (1850-2016), according to the intertemporal approach to the current account and using a present-value model. In particular, from the estimation of a bivariate vector autoregression model for the current account, we attempt to assess the extent to which the latter has been used to smooth private consumption over time in the presence of temporary shocks that the economy might suffer. In general, evidence does not seem to be particularly favourable to the validity of the model over the period of analysis.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"39 1","pages":"329 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46675574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000247
Alvaro La Parra-Perez
ABSTRACT One key step in the process of development is the transition from the personalistic rules and privileges that characterise developing societies to open access orders and rational–legal bureaucracies sustaining impersonal rules. This article uses a micro-data set of Spanish officers to study the politicisation of the army during the Second Republic (1931–1939) taking Franco's Africanist faction as the case study. The military reforms during 1931–1933 increased the impersonality of rules determining the promotion of officers, but executive discretionary powers persisted. The results suggest that changes in the government affected the dynamics of the army. Under conservative governments (1934–1935), Africanists were promoted more rapidly. Centre-left governments during the period of 1931–1933 did not systematically promote Africanists differently, but the revision of promotions in 1933 slowed their careers. The politicisation of the army was one of the factors contributing to the military coup that started the Spanish Civil War.
{"title":"IT WAS PERSONAL: POLITICS AND MILITARY PROMOTIONS IN THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC (1931–1936)","authors":"Alvaro La Parra-Perez","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000247","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One key step in the process of development is the transition from the personalistic rules and privileges that characterise developing societies to open access orders and rational–legal bureaucracies sustaining impersonal rules. This article uses a micro-data set of Spanish officers to study the politicisation of the army during the Second Republic (1931–1939) taking Franco's Africanist faction as the case study. The military reforms during 1931–1933 increased the impersonality of rules determining the promotion of officers, but executive discretionary powers persisted. The results suggest that changes in the government affected the dynamics of the army. Under conservative governments (1934–1935), Africanists were promoted more rapidly. Centre-left governments during the period of 1931–1933 did not systematically promote Africanists differently, but the revision of promotions in 1933 slowed their careers. The politicisation of the army was one of the factors contributing to the military coup that started the Spanish Civil War.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"39 1","pages":"63 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000235
M. Pérez-García
ABSTRACT New global history studies have provided theoretical models related to different paths of economic growth and consumer behaviour between East Asia (mainly China and Japan) and Europe during the period of the first industrialisation. However, more research challenging the Eurocentric views of the origins of globalisation is needed. In this article, I examine the exchanges of Chinese silks and porcelains and European wines and liquors for American silver through the Swedish Grill Company. This company had extensive business activities in Canton and Macao establishing strategic links and intermediation with other relevant companies from China, Manila, Seville and Marseille. On the global level, such exchanges played a crucial role for the accumulation of American silver in China during the Qing dynasty, and the outflows of Chinese goods to the Americas and Europe fostered market integration and globalisation that occurred earlier than 1820.
{"title":"GLOBAL GOODS, SILVER AND MARKET INTEGRATION: CONSUMPTION OF WINE, SILK AND PORCELAIN THROUGH THE GRILL COMPANY VIA MACAO-CANTON AND MARSEILLE-SEVILLE TRADE NODES, 18TH CENTURY","authors":"M. Pérez-García","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New global history studies have provided theoretical models related to different paths of economic growth and consumer behaviour between East Asia (mainly China and Japan) and Europe during the period of the first industrialisation. However, more research challenging the Eurocentric views of the origins of globalisation is needed. In this article, I examine the exchanges of Chinese silks and porcelains and European wines and liquors for American silver through the Swedish Grill Company. This company had extensive business activities in Canton and Macao establishing strategic links and intermediation with other relevant companies from China, Manila, Seville and Marseille. On the global level, such exchanges played a crucial role for the accumulation of American silver in China during the Qing dynasty, and the outflows of Chinese goods to the Americas and Europe fostered market integration and globalisation that occurred earlier than 1820.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"38 1","pages":"449 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42467172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s021261091900020x
{"title":"RHE volume 37 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s021261091900020x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s021261091900020x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":"37 1","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s021261091900020x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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