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Hepatitis B virus infection and HBeAg positivity among pregnant women in South West Uganda. 乌干达西南部孕妇乙型肝炎病毒感染和HBeAg阳性
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1784
Naome Mugabiirwe, Rogers Kalyetsi, Richard Ayella, James Obote, Frank Ssedyabane

Background: Hepatitis B virus is a public health burden in Uganda, yet little is known about its epidemiology in pregnancy.

Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Kyazanga Health Centre IV in Lwengo District, Uganda.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to June 2021 and analysed qualitative data that were collected using a structured in-person questionnaire. Aseptically collected blood specimens were screened for hepatitis B virus infection using an immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test kit. Participants who were positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were further screened for hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) using commercial rapid diagnostic test kits.

Results: Out of 384 pregnant women studied, eight tested positive for HBsAg. This gave a prevalence of 2.1% (95% confidence interval: 1.0% - 4.1%); 5/8 (62.5%) were positive for HBeAg. None of the variables studied were significantly associated with HBsAg positivity among pregnant women.

Conclusion: Hepatitis B viral infection is still a public health challenge in pregnant women with possible risk for vertical transmission to their babies in the study area. We recommend routine screening for hepatitis B virus in pregnancy in addition to strengthening current strategies aimed at controlling and preventing hepatitis B infection spread and transmission.

背景:乙型肝炎病毒是乌干达的一个公共卫生负担,但对其在妊娠期的流行病学知之甚少。目的:本研究旨在确定在乌干达Lwengo区Kyazanga第四保健中心接受产前保健的孕妇中乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行率和相关危险因素。方法:本横断面研究于2021年4月至2021年6月进行,并分析了使用结构化面对面问卷收集的定性数据。无菌采集的血液标本使用免疫层析快速诊断试剂盒筛选乙型肝炎病毒感染。乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的参与者使用商业快速诊断测试试剂盒进一步筛选乙型肝炎包膜抗原(HBeAg)。结果:384名孕妇中,8名HBsAg检测呈阳性。由此得出患病率为2.1%(95%置信区间:1.0% - 4.1%);5/8 (62.5%) HBeAg阳性。研究的变量中没有一个与孕妇HBsAg阳性显著相关。结论:乙型肝炎病毒感染仍是研究地区孕妇面临的公共卫生挑战,可能存在母婴垂直传播风险。除了加强目前旨在控制和预防乙型肝炎感染传播和传播的战略外,我们建议对妊娠期乙型肝炎病毒进行常规筛查。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of rapid centrifugation on routine coagulation assays in South Africa. 快速离心对南非常规凝血试验的影响。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1901
Reola Haripersadh, Dashini Pillay, Nadine Rapiti

Background: The recommendation for coagulation blood samples is to centrifuge at 4000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 15 min to produce platelet-poor plasma before analysis. Rapid centrifugation, defined as centrifuging samples at higher speeds for shorter durations, could potentially reduce turn-around times (TAT), provided sample integrity is maintained.

Objective: This study assessed the impact of rapid centrifugation on routine coagulation assay results.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from volunteers at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from September to November 2021. Samples were centrifuged using Method A, the current standard (4000 rpm/15 min), Method B (4000 rpm/10 min), Method C (5000 rpm/10 min) and Method D (5000 rpm/5 min). Platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were analysed and results from Methods B, C and D compared to reference Method A.

Results: Platelet-poor plasma was obtained from all samples (n = 60) using Methods A and B, and from 33/60 (55%) samples using Methods C and D. Differences between Method A and Methods C and D for normal prothrombin time, normal D-dimer and abnormal TT results were statistically significant. Prothrombin time results correlated strongly across all methods, while TT and D-dimer results correlated poorly. Activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen results showed no significant differences across all methods.

Conclusion: Rapid centrifugation at 4000 rpm/10 min (Method B) showed results consistent with the reference method. This method could potentially reduce the overall TAT for routine coagulation assays.

背景:建议凝血样品在分析前以每分钟4000转(rpm)离心15分钟产生无血小板血浆。快速离心,定义为以更快的速度在更短的时间内离心样品,可以潜在地减少周转时间(TAT),前提是保持样品的完整性。目的:评价快速离心对常规凝血检测结果的影响。方法:于2021年9月至11月在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省德班的因科西·阿尔伯特·卢图利中心医院和爱德华八世国王医院采集志愿者血样。采用方法A、现行标准液(4000 rpm/15 min)、方法B (4000 rpm/10 min)、方法C (5000 rpm/10 min)和方法D (5000 rpm/5 min)对样品进行离心。分析血小板计数、凝血酶原时间、活化的部分凝血活素时间、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平,并与参考方法A进行比较。结果:采用方法A和B的所有样本(n = 60)均为血小板不良血浆,采用方法C和D的样本中有33/60(55%)为凝血酶原时间正常、D-二聚体正常、TT异常,方法A与方法C和D的差异均有统计学意义。凝血酶原时间结果在所有方法中相关性很强,而TT和d -二聚体结果相关性较差。活化部分凝血活酶时间和纤维蛋白原结果显示在所有方法之间没有显著差异。结论:4000 rpm/10 min快速离心(方法B)结果与参考方法一致。这种方法有可能降低常规凝血试验的总TAT。
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引用次数: 0
Point-of-care testing: Connecting communities in Africa and ensuring equity in access to health and diagnostics. 护理点检测:连接非洲社区并确保公平获得保健和诊断。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2072
Rajiv T Erasmus
No abstract available.
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引用次数: 1
Causes of death and post-mortem testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. 在加纳COVID-19大流行期间,一家三级医院的SARS-CoV-2死亡原因和尸检检测。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1766
Edward Asumanu, Seth Attoh, Raymond X Servor, Clement Laryea, Mary McAddy, Fred Hobenu, Raymond Factchu, Kwesi Agyemang-Bediako, Edward O Nyarko, Godwin K Nyarko, Marcus K Moroti, Lawrence Edusei

Background: Causes of death during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ranhttp://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1766=pdf&date_stamp=2022-11-23ge from direct consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to deaths unrelated to SARS-CoV-2. Another feature of the pandemic is the post-mortem testing for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding these aspects of COVID-19 are essential in planning and limiting the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on healthcare systems.

Objective: This study investigated the underlying causes of death and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in bodies received at the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study was conducted from 4-27 May 2020. Deceased patients that met the inclusion criteria were prospectively selected during the expanded surveillance period for SARS-CoV-2 testing, autopsy and determination of underlying and immediate cause of death.

Results: A total of 161 deceased patients were analysed with 53 autopsies. The overall positive test rate for SARS-CoV-2 was 14.9% (24/161 patients), with a positive rate of 5.0% (8/161 patients) for nasopharyngeal samples and 30.2% (16/161 patients) for bronchopulmonary samples. The underlying causes of death were not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 85.1% (137/161) of patients, SARS-CoV-2-associated 12.4% (20/161) and SARS-CoV-2-induced in 2.5% (4/161). Cardiovascular complications formed the most common cause of death in patients with or without SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion: There was a high positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in post-mortem cases. However, most deaths were not caused by SARS-CoV-2 but by cardiovascular complications. The high rate of bronchopulmonary positive results for SARS-CoV-2 requires that autopsies be done in suspicious cases with negative nasopharyngeal sampling.

背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间的死亡原因从严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)感染的直接后果到与SARS-CoV-2无关的死亡。这次大流行的另一个特点是对SARS-CoV-2进行尸检检测。了解COVID-19的这些方面对于规划和限制SARS-CoV-2病毒对卫生保健系统的影响至关重要。目的:本研究调查了COVID-19大流行期间在加纳阿克拉第37军医院接收的尸体中的潜在死亡原因和SARS-CoV-2的存在。方法:研究于2020年5月4日至27日进行。在扩大的监测期间前瞻性地选择符合纳入标准的死亡患者,进行SARS-CoV-2检测、尸检和确定潜在和直接死亡原因。结果:共分析了161例死亡患者,53例尸检。SARS-CoV-2总阳性率为14.9%(24/161例),其中鼻咽标本阳性率为5.0%(8/161例),支气管肺标本阳性率为30.2%(16/161例)。85.1%(137/161)的死亡原因与SARS-CoV-2感染无关,12.4%(20/161)的死亡原因与SARS-CoV-2相关,2.5%(4/161)的死亡原因与SARS-CoV-2诱导无关。心血管并发症是感染或不感染SARS-CoV-2的患者最常见的死亡原因。结论:死后病例SARS-CoV-2阳性率较高。然而,大多数死亡不是由SARS-CoV-2引起的,而是由心血管并发症引起的。由于SARS-CoV-2支气管肺阳性检出率高,因此需要对鼻咽采样阴性的可疑病例进行尸检。
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引用次数: 0
Oral human papilloma virus infection among dental clinic attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria. 口腔人类乳头瘤病毒感染在伊巴丹,尼日利亚牙科诊所的与会者。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1555
Adedayo O Faneye, Oyeteju S Babalola, Georgina N Odaibo, Juwon Arotiba, Olufemi D Olaleye

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and mouth or throat warts. However, there is currently limited information about oral HPV infections in Nigeria.

Objective: This study aimed to provide information on the occurrence and circulating genotypes of HPV among patients attending three (one government and two private) dental clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: An oral swab was collected from 231 dental clinic attendees in Ibadan between January 2016 and March 2017 and tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction targeting the E6/7 genes of the virus.

Results: Twenty-three of the 231 swab samples were HPV DNA positive comprising 16 mono-infections and seven co-infections in 13 males and ten females. Genotype 16 was present in ten patients, genotype 6/11 in five, Genotype 18 and genotype 33 in four each, genotype 31 in three and genotype 39 in one. Twenty-one cases were high-risk HPV genotypes, while two were low-risk. Samples had co-infection and five had low risk type 6/11 either as single or as co-infection. Persons who had engaged in oral sex as well as those aged 21-30 years has significantly higher prevalence.

Conclusion: This study showed that although HPV genotype 16 is the most common type among dental clinic attendees in Ibadan, other genotypes are also circulating and that oral sex is a risk factor for the infection. Therefore, introducing a multivalent HPV vaccine will reduce the risk of HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma and other cancers in Nigeria.

背景:人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)与口咽鳞状细胞癌和口腔或咽喉疣的一个亚群有关。然而,目前关于尼日利亚口腔HPV感染的信息有限。目的:本研究旨在提供在尼日利亚伊巴丹三家(一家政府和两家私人)牙科诊所就诊的患者中HPV发生和循环基因型的信息。方法:2016年1月至2017年3月,收集伊巴丹市231名牙科诊所就诊人员的口腔拭子,采用靶向病毒E6/7基因的聚合酶链反应检测HPV DNA。结果:231个拭子样本中有23个HPV DNA阳性,包括16个单一感染和7个合并感染,13个男性和10个女性。基因16型10例,基因6/11型5例,基因18型和基因33型4例,基因31型3例,基因39型1例。21例为高危型,2例为低危型。其中5例为低危型6/11,为单次感染或合并感染。从事过口交的人和21-30岁的人的患病率明显更高。结论:本研究表明,尽管HPV基因型16是伊巴丹牙科诊所就诊人员中最常见的类型,但其他基因型也在流行,口交是感染的危险因素。因此,引进多价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗将降低尼日利亚人乳头瘤病毒相关口咽癌和其他癌症的风险。
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引用次数: 1
Microbiology laboratories involved in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance: Strengths and challenges of the central African states. 参与疾病和抗微生物药物耐药性监测的微生物学实验室:中非国家的优势和挑战。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1570
Passoret Vounba, Severin Loul, Ludovic F Tamadea, Joël F D Siawaya

Laboratory systems have been largely neglected on the margins of health systems in Africa. However, since the 2000s, many African countries have benefited from massive investments to strengthen laboratory capacities through projects fighting priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria). This review examined the laboratory capacities of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Online research using specific terms was carried out. Studies published between 2000 and 2021 on the role of the laboratory in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the 11 ECCAS countries were considered. The number of human and animal health laboratories meeting international standards was very low in the sub-region. There were only seven International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189-accredited human health laboratories, with five in Cameroon and two in Rwanda. There were five high biosafety level (BSL) laboratories (one BSL3 laboratory each in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo, and one BSL4 laboratory in Gabon) and three ISO 17025-accredited laboratories in the ECCAS sub-region. Only six countries currently have whole-genome sequencing devices, which is insufficient for a sub-region as large and populous as ECCAS. Yet, a plethora of pathogens, particularly haemorrhagic viruses, are endemic in these countries. The need for laboratory capacity strengthening following a One Health approach is imperative. Since emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are projected to triple in frequency over the next 50 years and given the inextricable link between human and animal health, actors in the two health sectors must collaborate to preserve world health.

实验室系统在非洲卫生系统的边缘基本上被忽视。然而,自2000年代以来,许多非洲国家受益于通过防治重点疾病(艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病、疟疾)的项目加强实验室能力的大规模投资。这项审查审查了中非国家经济共同体(中非经共体)的实验室能力。使用特定的术语进行了在线研究。审议了2000年至2021年期间发表的关于11个中非经共体国家实验室在疾病和抗菌素耐药性监测方面作用的研究报告。该分区域符合国际标准的人类和动物卫生实验室数量非常少。只有7个国际标准化组织(ISO) 15189认可的人类健康实验室,其中5个在喀麦隆,2个在卢旺达。中非经共体分区域有5个生物安全高水平(BSL)实验室(喀麦隆、中非共和国、刚果民主共和国和刚果共和国各1个BSL3实验室,加蓬1个BSL4实验室)和3个ISO 17025认证实验室。目前只有6个国家拥有全基因组测序设备,这对于中非经共体这样一个人口众多的大区域来说是不够的。然而,大量的病原体,特别是出血性病毒,在这些国家流行。必须按照“同一个健康”方针加强实验室能力。由于预计未来50年新出现和再出现的人畜共患传染病的频率将增加两倍,而且鉴于人类和动物健康之间不可分割的联系,两个卫生部门的行为体必须合作,以维护世界卫生。
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引用次数: 5
COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world. COP27气候变化会议:非洲和世界需要采取紧急行动。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2080
Lukoye Atwoli, Gregory E Erhabor, Aiah A Gbakima, Abraham Haileamlak, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, James Kigera, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Joy Muhia, Fhumulani M Mulaudzi, David Ofori-Adjei, Friday Okonofua, Arash Rashidian, Maha El-Adawy, Siaka Sidibé, Abdelmadjid Snouber, James Tumwine, Sahar Yassien Mohammad, Paul Yonga, Lilia Zakhama, Chris Zielinski
Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present, and future impacts of climate change. The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods. These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. To avoid these catastrophic health effects across all regions of the globe, there is broad agreement— as 231 health journals argued together in 2021—that the rise in global temperature must be limited to less than 1·5C compared with pre-industrial levels. Although the Paris Agreement of 2015 outlines a global action framework that incorporates providing climate finance to developing countries, this support has yet to materialise. COP27 is the fifth Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to be organised in Africa since its inception in 1995. Ahead of this meeting, we—as health journal editors from across the continent—call for urgent action to ensure it is the COP that finally delivers climate justice for Africa and vulnerable countries. This is essential not just for the health of those countries, but also for the health of the whole world. Africa has suffered disproportionately from the climate crisis, although it has done little to cause the crisis. The climate crisis has had an impact on the environmental and social determinants of health across Africa, leading to devastating health effects. Impacts on health can result directly from environmental shocks and indirectly through socially mediated effects. Climatechange-related risks in Africa include flooding, drought, heatwaves, reduced food production, and reduced labour productivity. Droughts in sub-Saharan Africa have tripled between 1970–79 and 2010–19. In 2018, devastating cyclones impacted 2·2 million people in Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock. Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene has led to increases in diseases across sub-Saharan Africa, with rises in malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus disease, West Nile virus, and other infections. Rising sea levels reduce water quality, leading to waterborne diseases, including diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of mortality in Africa. Extreme weather damages water and food supply, increasing food insecurity and malnutrition, which causes 1·7 million deaths annually in Africa. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, malnutrition has increased by almost 50% since 2012, owing to the central role agriculture has in African economies. Environ
{"title":"COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world.","authors":"Lukoye Atwoli,&nbsp;Gregory E Erhabor,&nbsp;Aiah A Gbakima,&nbsp;Abraham Haileamlak,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba,&nbsp;James Kigera,&nbsp;Laurie Laybourn-Langton,&nbsp;Robert Mash,&nbsp;Joy Muhia,&nbsp;Fhumulani M Mulaudzi,&nbsp;David Ofori-Adjei,&nbsp;Friday Okonofua,&nbsp;Arash Rashidian,&nbsp;Maha El-Adawy,&nbsp;Siaka Sidibé,&nbsp;Abdelmadjid Snouber,&nbsp;James Tumwine,&nbsp;Sahar Yassien Mohammad,&nbsp;Paul Yonga,&nbsp;Lilia Zakhama,&nbsp;Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2080","url":null,"abstract":"Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present, and future impacts of climate change. The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods. These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. To avoid these catastrophic health effects across all regions of the globe, there is broad agreement— as 231 health journals argued together in 2021—that the rise in global temperature must be limited to less than 1·5C compared with pre-industrial levels. Although the Paris Agreement of 2015 outlines a global action framework that incorporates providing climate finance to developing countries, this support has yet to materialise. COP27 is the fifth Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to be organised in Africa since its inception in 1995. Ahead of this meeting, we—as health journal editors from across the continent—call for urgent action to ensure it is the COP that finally delivers climate justice for Africa and vulnerable countries. This is essential not just for the health of those countries, but also for the health of the whole world. Africa has suffered disproportionately from the climate crisis, although it has done little to cause the crisis. The climate crisis has had an impact on the environmental and social determinants of health across Africa, leading to devastating health effects. Impacts on health can result directly from environmental shocks and indirectly through socially mediated effects. Climatechange-related risks in Africa include flooding, drought, heatwaves, reduced food production, and reduced labour productivity. Droughts in sub-Saharan Africa have tripled between 1970–79 and 2010–19. In 2018, devastating cyclones impacted 2·2 million people in Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock. Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene has led to increases in diseases across sub-Saharan Africa, with rises in malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus disease, West Nile virus, and other infections. Rising sea levels reduce water quality, leading to waterborne diseases, including diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of mortality in Africa. Extreme weather damages water and food supply, increasing food insecurity and malnutrition, which causes 1·7 million deaths annually in Africa. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, malnutrition has increased by almost 50% since 2012, owing to the central role agriculture has in African economies. Environ","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"2080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commercial DURAClone panels for extending the repertoire of multicolour immunophenotypic panels in an academic flow cytometry laboratory in South Africa. 商用DURAClone面板,用于扩展南非学术流式细胞术实验室的多色免疫表型面板。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1720
Leanne Swart, Melanie Pretorius, Denise Lawrie, Deborah K Glencross

Background: Commercial multicolour fixed immunophenotyping panels can improve flow cytometric diagnostic immunophenotyping repertoire.

Objective: This study validated the commercially available, standardised Beckman Coulter lyophilised DURAClone RE panels to discriminate specific haematolymphoid subtypes.

Methods: We compared the diagnostic capability of the DURAClone acute leukaemia B (ALB), chronic leukaemia B (CLB), and plasma cells (PC) panels to the predicate second-line panels in Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, from April to August 2020. Clinical diagnostic concordance between the in-house second-line immunophenotyping (the predicate method) and DURAClone was established. The ALB panels tested for precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 11) or normal bone marrow haematogones (n = 9); CLB panels established haematolymphoid subtypes of mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPD) (n = 20), while PC panels detected plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) (n = 17). Flow cytometer setup and data interpretation to discriminate normal and aberrant immunophenotypes were per manufacturer's instructions.

Results: There was 100% clinical diagnostic concordance between the predicate and the test panels for second-line diagnostic investigation of B-ALL (with additional CD56), mature B-LPD (with additional discernment of CD81, ROR-1, CD79b and CD43) and PCD.

Conclusion: The DURAClone CLB exceeded the predicate second-line performance, offering extended second-line diagnostic discernment of mature B-LPD subtypes and discernment of CD5+ B-LPD from other non-CD5+ (or CD5-) B-LPD; likewise, the PC panels enabled discovery of PCD. While ALB testing offered no additional diagnostic advantage over existing predicate investigation, CD58 did offer additional information to discern haematogones from B-ALL.

背景:商用多色固定免疫表型板可以改善流式细胞术诊断免疫表型库。目的:本研究验证了市售的、标准化的Beckman Coulter冻干DURAClone RE检测板能够区分特定的淋巴细胞亚型。方法:2020年4月至8月,我们比较了南非约翰内斯堡Charlotte Maxeke约翰内斯堡学术医院DURAClone急性B型白血病(ALB)、慢性B型白血病(CLB)和浆细胞(PC)检测结果与预测二线检测结果的诊断能力。建立了内部二线免疫表型(谓词法)与DURAClone的临床诊断一致性。ALB组检测前体b细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(n = 11)或正常骨髓血球(n = 9);CLB组检测成熟b细胞淋巴增生性疾病(B-LPD)的血淋巴亚型(n = 20),而PC组检测浆细胞增生(PCD) (n = 17)。流式细胞仪设置和数据解释,以区分正常和异常的免疫表型按照制造商的说明。结果:在B-ALL(附加CD56)、成熟B-LPD(附加CD81、r -1、CD79b和CD43)和PCD的二线诊断调查中,predicate与试验组的临床诊断一致性为100%。结论:DURAClone CLB超过了预期的二线性能,提供了成熟B-LPD亚型的扩展二线诊断识别以及CD5+ B-LPD与其他非CD5+(或CD5-) B-LPD的区分;同样,PC面板使PCD的发现成为可能。虽然与现有的谓词调查相比,ALB检测没有提供额外的诊断优势,但CD58确实提供了从B-ALL中区分血精的额外信息。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of polyethylene glycol 20 000 on protein extraction efficiency of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in South Africa. 聚乙二醇 20 000 对南非福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织蛋白质提取效率的影响。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-12-17 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1122
Sophia Rossouw, Hocine Bendou, Liam Bell, Jonathan Rigby, Alan Christoffels

Background: Optimal protocols for efficient and reproducible protein extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are not yet standardised and new techniques are continually developed and improved. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 20 000 on protein extraction efficiency has not been evaluated using human FFPE colorectal cancer tissues and there is no consensus on the protein extraction solution required for efficient, reproducible extraction.

Objective: The impact of PEG 20 000 on protein extraction efficiency, reproducibility and protein selection bias was evaluated using FFPE colonic tissue via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

Methods: This study was conducted from August 2017 to July 2019 using human FFPE colorectal carcinoma tissues from the Anatomical Pathology department at Tygerberg Hospital in South Africa. Samples were analysed via label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to determine the impact of using PEG 20 000 in the protein extraction solution. Data were assessed regarding peptide and protein identifications, method efficiency, reproducibility, protein characteristics and organisation relating to gene ontology categories.

Results: Polyethylene glycol 20 000 exclusion increased peptides and proteins identifications and the method was more reproducible compared to the samples processed with PEG 20 000. However, no differences were observed with regard to protein selection bias. We found that higher protein concentrations (> 10 µg) compromised the function of PEG.

Conclusion: This study indicates that protocols generating high protein yields from human FFPE tissues would benefit from the exclusion of PEG 20 000 in the protein extraction solution.

背景:从福尔马林固定石蜡包埋(FFPE)组织中高效、可重复提取蛋白质的最佳方案尚未标准化,新技术在不断发展和改进。聚乙二醇(PEG)20000 对蛋白质提取效率的影响尚未在人类 FFPE 结直肠癌组织中进行过评估,对于高效、可重复提取所需的蛋白质提取液也未达成共识:通过液相色谱串联质谱分析,使用 FFPE 结肠组织评估 PEG 20 000 对蛋白质提取效率、重现性和蛋白质选择偏差的影响:本研究于 2017 年 8 月至 2019 年 7 月使用南非泰格贝格医院解剖病理科的人类 FFPE 结直肠癌组织进行。样本通过无标记液相色谱串联质谱法进行分析,以确定在蛋白质提取液中使用 PEG 20 000 的影响。评估数据涉及肽和蛋白质鉴定、方法效率、重现性、蛋白质特征以及与基因本体论类别相关的组织:结果:与使用聚乙二醇 20 000 处理的样品相比,聚乙二醇 20 000 的排斥作用提高了肽和蛋白质的鉴定率,方法的重现性也更高。但是,在蛋白质选择偏差方面没有观察到差异。我们发现,蛋白质浓度越高(> 10 µg),PEG 的功能就越差:这项研究表明,如果蛋白质提取液中不含 PEG 20 000,那么从人类 FFPE 组织中提取高蛋白质的方案将受益匪浅。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a fiercely urgent expansion of laboratory medicine in Africa. 非洲急需扩大实验室医学。
IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-12-17 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1785
Iruka N Okeke
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引用次数: 0
期刊
African Journal of Laboratory Medicine
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