Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.1177/09720634231168525
S. Marathe, D. Kakade, Shakuntala Bhalerao, K. Pawar
Although the ramifications of a weakly regulated, commercialised private sector have always been prevalent, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed its magnitude and implications for patients in India. Although much is being studied about the health system’s response to the pandemic, the recipient of the system, that is, the patient seems to be less attended in analysis. This article analyses patients’ experiences while seeking healthcare from the private sector in the context of state-imposed regulations over them during the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted in Maharashtra, India and 30 in-depth interviews of patients who faced difficulties in availing treatment from private hospitals during the pandemic were conducted using purposive sampling. The study reveals the myriad of catastrophic challenges patients faced, their vulnerability and helplessness with private hospitals during the pandemic. It demonstrates the character of ruthless privatisation that operates in health care with rampant overcharging and the failure of regulation of the private sector during the crisis. The study concludes by pointing out the need for state intervention in the regulation of the private sector and emphasises the need to strengthen the public health system and place effective accountability mechanisms with the legal instrument to safeguard people’s interests from corporate privatisation.
{"title":"Perils of the Commercialised Private Healthcare Sector for Patients: Analysis of Patients’ Experiences from COVID-19 Pandemic in Maharashtra, India","authors":"S. Marathe, D. Kakade, Shakuntala Bhalerao, K. Pawar","doi":"10.1177/09720634231168525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231168525","url":null,"abstract":"Although the ramifications of a weakly regulated, commercialised private sector have always been prevalent, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed its magnitude and implications for patients in India. Although much is being studied about the health system’s response to the pandemic, the recipient of the system, that is, the patient seems to be less attended in analysis. This article analyses patients’ experiences while seeking healthcare from the private sector in the context of state-imposed regulations over them during the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted in Maharashtra, India and 30 in-depth interviews of patients who faced difficulties in availing treatment from private hospitals during the pandemic were conducted using purposive sampling. The study reveals the myriad of catastrophic challenges patients faced, their vulnerability and helplessness with private hospitals during the pandemic. It demonstrates the character of ruthless privatisation that operates in health care with rampant overcharging and the failure of regulation of the private sector during the crisis. The study concludes by pointing out the need for state intervention in the regulation of the private sector and emphasises the need to strengthen the public health system and place effective accountability mechanisms with the legal instrument to safeguard people’s interests from corporate privatisation.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/09720634231168524
N. S. Ahmed, M. Bein
The main purpose of this research is to examine a research model that explores the mediation role of the organisational supportive culture in the relationship between human resources management practices (HRMP) and patient satisfaction: a case study of Rizgary teaching and referral hospital in Erbil-Iraq. A survey instrument was considered the main data collection tool. The survey participants were medical staff and patients who contributed to the research by replying to the questionnaire indicators. Partial least squares—structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysing the empirical data. The research findings revealed that human resources management practices positively related to supportive culture, results also demonstrated that supportive culture in surveyed hospitals positively and significantly impacts patient satisfaction. The results displayed that human resources management practices directly affect patient satisfaction. Furthermore, supportive culture partially mediated the relationship between human resources management practices and patient satisfaction, due to human resources management practices, directly and indirectly, affecting patient satisfaction. The current research essentially contributes to the literature by indicating that human resources management practices within hospitals, directly and indirectly, enhance patient satisfaction through healthcare services accuracy and meet the expectations of patients, in addition, the results showed that supportive culture partially mediates the relationship between human resources management practices and patient satisfaction.
{"title":"Mediation Role of Organisational Supportive Culture in the Relationship Between Human Resources Management Practices and Patient Satisfaction: A Case Study of Rizgary Teaching and Referral Hospital in Erbil-Iraq","authors":"N. S. Ahmed, M. Bein","doi":"10.1177/09720634231168524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231168524","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research is to examine a research model that explores the mediation role of the organisational supportive culture in the relationship between human resources management practices (HRMP) and patient satisfaction: a case study of Rizgary teaching and referral hospital in Erbil-Iraq. A survey instrument was considered the main data collection tool. The survey participants were medical staff and patients who contributed to the research by replying to the questionnaire indicators. Partial least squares—structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysing the empirical data. The research findings revealed that human resources management practices positively related to supportive culture, results also demonstrated that supportive culture in surveyed hospitals positively and significantly impacts patient satisfaction. The results displayed that human resources management practices directly affect patient satisfaction. Furthermore, supportive culture partially mediated the relationship between human resources management practices and patient satisfaction, due to human resources management practices, directly and indirectly, affecting patient satisfaction. The current research essentially contributes to the literature by indicating that human resources management practices within hospitals, directly and indirectly, enhance patient satisfaction through healthcare services accuracy and meet the expectations of patients, in addition, the results showed that supportive culture partially mediates the relationship between human resources management practices and patient satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46590961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150960
M. K. Sah, M. Yadav, Shruti Silwal, Randip Raut, Arabind Joshi
The services rendered by hospitals during the pandemic may not be efficient. This might impact the satisfaction of patients seeking healthcare. The aim of this study is to assess the satisfaction level of patients other than those with COVID-19 during the pandemic with different services provided by the hospital. A quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in a multidisciplinary hospital. Valid questionnaire, derived from PSQ III and PSQ 18, was used for data collection from 250 outpatients. Ethical approval was obtained. Systematic random sampling was done to enrol patients into the study after taking their consent. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequency, proportion, median and inter-quartile range. Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were carried out to find the association between overall satisfaction and different socio-demographic and other variables. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Almost two-thirds of the respondents visiting the hospital during the pandemic were female (male: 35.6% and female: 64.4%). More than half (50.4%) of the patients reported that access to the hospital was feasible. Of the patients reporting dissatisfaction, most of them (86.4%) considered the establishment of separate COVID-19 hospitals as the best option. The median satisfaction score for the overall satisfaction of patients towards different service domains was 54.0 (45–60). Almost all respondents (95.6%) found that services were easily available. Patient satisfaction score was significantly associated with expenditure ( p < 0.001). Satisfaction score was also significantly associated with the time spent in the hospital by the patients ( p < 0.001). Majority of the patients reporting to the multidisciplinary hospital were satisfied with the provisioning of treatment and different services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relatively lesser satisfaction was reported for the provision of maintenance of social distance, availability of hand washing/sanitisation, overall hospital cleanliness and cost of treatment. Moreover, satisfaction among patients was associated with their perceived fear of the pandemic.
{"title":"Satisfaction of Patients Other Than COVID-19 During the Pandemic at a Multidisciplinary Centre with COVID-19 Services","authors":"M. K. Sah, M. Yadav, Shruti Silwal, Randip Raut, Arabind Joshi","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150960","url":null,"abstract":"The services rendered by hospitals during the pandemic may not be efficient. This might impact the satisfaction of patients seeking healthcare. The aim of this study is to assess the satisfaction level of patients other than those with COVID-19 during the pandemic with different services provided by the hospital. A quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in a multidisciplinary hospital. Valid questionnaire, derived from PSQ III and PSQ 18, was used for data collection from 250 outpatients. Ethical approval was obtained. Systematic random sampling was done to enrol patients into the study after taking their consent. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequency, proportion, median and inter-quartile range. Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were carried out to find the association between overall satisfaction and different socio-demographic and other variables. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Almost two-thirds of the respondents visiting the hospital during the pandemic were female (male: 35.6% and female: 64.4%). More than half (50.4%) of the patients reported that access to the hospital was feasible. Of the patients reporting dissatisfaction, most of them (86.4%) considered the establishment of separate COVID-19 hospitals as the best option. The median satisfaction score for the overall satisfaction of patients towards different service domains was 54.0 (45–60). Almost all respondents (95.6%) found that services were easily available. Patient satisfaction score was significantly associated with expenditure ( p < 0.001). Satisfaction score was also significantly associated with the time spent in the hospital by the patients ( p < 0.001). Majority of the patients reporting to the multidisciplinary hospital were satisfied with the provisioning of treatment and different services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relatively lesser satisfaction was reported for the provision of maintenance of social distance, availability of hand washing/sanitisation, overall hospital cleanliness and cost of treatment. Moreover, satisfaction among patients was associated with their perceived fear of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150967
Neha Rai, T. Tripathi
With changing demography and the increasing burden of chronic diseases comorbidity is becoming a major public health concern. Among various co-occurring disease combinations, diabetes and hypertension are the two most fatal combinations often increasing the risk of multimorbidity, complexity, and cost of treatment. Therefore, this study intends to estimate the prevalence of comorbidity in India and across various socioeconomic groups to identify the higher-risk population. We further analysed the economic burden associated with comorbid conditions of diabetes and hypertension in particular. This is a cross-sectional study that uses Unit-Level data from the NSSO-75 round (2017–2018). The marginal effect using the logit model is calculated to identify the higher-risk population for the prevalence of comorbidity across socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The cost of treatment is calculated through descriptive statistics. The prevalence of comorbid diabetes and hypertension is 2.06% in India. Heart disease, goiter and thyroid, joint pain, bronchial asthma, and gastric peptic ulcer are the common combinations prevailing among patients with diabetes and hypertension together. Results suggest that the elderly and women are at higher risk of comorbidity. Education and higher economic status are positively associated with it. The cost of treatment increases with comorbidity, and medicine constitutes almost 83.2% of the total medical cost among patients with diabetes and hypertension.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Predictors and Cost of Comorbidity Among Indian Population: A Case of Diabetes and Hypertension","authors":"Neha Rai, T. Tripathi","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150967","url":null,"abstract":"With changing demography and the increasing burden of chronic diseases comorbidity is becoming a major public health concern. Among various co-occurring disease combinations, diabetes and hypertension are the two most fatal combinations often increasing the risk of multimorbidity, complexity, and cost of treatment. Therefore, this study intends to estimate the prevalence of comorbidity in India and across various socioeconomic groups to identify the higher-risk population. We further analysed the economic burden associated with comorbid conditions of diabetes and hypertension in particular. This is a cross-sectional study that uses Unit-Level data from the NSSO-75 round (2017–2018). The marginal effect using the logit model is calculated to identify the higher-risk population for the prevalence of comorbidity across socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The cost of treatment is calculated through descriptive statistics. The prevalence of comorbid diabetes and hypertension is 2.06% in India. Heart disease, goiter and thyroid, joint pain, bronchial asthma, and gastric peptic ulcer are the common combinations prevailing among patients with diabetes and hypertension together. Results suggest that the elderly and women are at higher risk of comorbidity. Education and higher economic status are positively associated with it. The cost of treatment increases with comorbidity, and medicine constitutes almost 83.2% of the total medical cost among patients with diabetes and hypertension.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150996
Subramaniam Shankar, S. Pradeep, J. Karthick, R. Naveenkumar, Srinivasan Jayaraman
Hand Screen Printing (HSP) is one of the dominant textile-processing industries that plays a significant role in the employment of people in and around the rural regions of the developing countries. Further, most of the HSP industries are small scale industries sector, workers are illiterate or lack work safety knowledge, also both management and workers ignore the ergonomic issues in their day to day life. Though various research groups have attempted to evaluate both qualitatively and quantitative the ergonomic issues faced by HSP workers, due to lack of direct solution to improve the HSP workers’ ergonomic environment, there is still a huge space is available for further intervention. The present study aims to redesign the squeegee frame for HSP workers and validate its effect over the workers’ health. In this study, the traditional squeegee was modified by considering the evaluated ergonomic issues. To evaluate the design intervention, ten male volunteers participated in the study and performed the HSP operation using both traditional squeegee (pre-intervention) and retrofitted squeegee (post-intervention). Further, the study population was divided into two equal group such as control group and low back pain (LBP) group. The surface Electromyogram (sEMG) signal, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score and Borg’s scale data were collected, to assess the post intervention attempt. Result inferred that retrofitted squeegee intervention had reduced the REBA score (postural risk) by 52% and Borg’s scale by 51% (workers’ pain intensity). In addendum, sEMG study supported these findings by showing a decline in muscle fatigue for the LBP group. This study concludes that, retrofitted squeegee intervention aspect can be an effective agent to improve the ergonomic posture and reduce the musculoskeletal disorders among HSP workers and significantly increase the productive of textile industry.
{"title":"Management of Hand Screen Printing Workers Health Using Ergonomic Design Intervention","authors":"Subramaniam Shankar, S. Pradeep, J. Karthick, R. Naveenkumar, Srinivasan Jayaraman","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150996","url":null,"abstract":"Hand Screen Printing (HSP) is one of the dominant textile-processing industries that plays a significant role in the employment of people in and around the rural regions of the developing countries. Further, most of the HSP industries are small scale industries sector, workers are illiterate or lack work safety knowledge, also both management and workers ignore the ergonomic issues in their day to day life. Though various research groups have attempted to evaluate both qualitatively and quantitative the ergonomic issues faced by HSP workers, due to lack of direct solution to improve the HSP workers’ ergonomic environment, there is still a huge space is available for further intervention. The present study aims to redesign the squeegee frame for HSP workers and validate its effect over the workers’ health. In this study, the traditional squeegee was modified by considering the evaluated ergonomic issues. To evaluate the design intervention, ten male volunteers participated in the study and performed the HSP operation using both traditional squeegee (pre-intervention) and retrofitted squeegee (post-intervention). Further, the study population was divided into two equal group such as control group and low back pain (LBP) group. The surface Electromyogram (sEMG) signal, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score and Borg’s scale data were collected, to assess the post intervention attempt. Result inferred that retrofitted squeegee intervention had reduced the REBA score (postural risk) by 52% and Borg’s scale by 51% (workers’ pain intensity). In addendum, sEMG study supported these findings by showing a decline in muscle fatigue for the LBP group. This study concludes that, retrofitted squeegee intervention aspect can be an effective agent to improve the ergonomic posture and reduce the musculoskeletal disorders among HSP workers and significantly increase the productive of textile industry.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44612509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150998
S. Nanda, Uma Warrier
Given that citizen participation is considered the main pillar of ‘Development’, the political economy behind its practice (behaviour and utilisation) remains a question. To disentangle the complex web of relationships that the governance shares with the citizens’ interface, it would be worthwhile to examine the whole phenomenon at the grass root level. A review of issues surrounding democracy has led different schools of thought to realise the need for adopting a holistic development approach for ensuring citizens’ participation in development processes. One such school believes that it is only through addressing governance bottlenecks and ensuring spaces for participation in policy design, programme formulation and implementation supplemented with proper monitoring, that ‘real’ development can be achieved. It is also universally accepted that governance is an enabler for socio-economic transformation and this can help in the improvement of lives through the eradication of structural inequality. Hence, strengthening the local governments is critical for ensuring citizen empowerment, civic participation and better service delivery. Furthermore, governance is measurable and can be monitored; thus can ensure a measurable implementation, accountability and monitoring framework (Global Thematic Consultation on Governance and the Post-2015 Development Framework, 2013). Against these backdrops, the current study endeavours to unearth plausible factors influencing the health behaviour of rural people examining a case of India’s National Sanitation Program—Swachh Bharat Mission in Odisha villages. Analysis of primary data collected from six districts across different regions of the Odisha state shows that various managerial, governance and social factors have a significant effect on the health behaviour of people and present more insightful results.
{"title":"Socio-Managerial Framework of Health Governance: Empirical Evidence from India’s National Sanitation Program (SBM-G)","authors":"S. Nanda, Uma Warrier","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150998","url":null,"abstract":"Given that citizen participation is considered the main pillar of ‘Development’, the political economy behind its practice (behaviour and utilisation) remains a question. To disentangle the complex web of relationships that the governance shares with the citizens’ interface, it would be worthwhile to examine the whole phenomenon at the grass root level. A review of issues surrounding democracy has led different schools of thought to realise the need for adopting a holistic development approach for ensuring citizens’ participation in development processes. One such school believes that it is only through addressing governance bottlenecks and ensuring spaces for participation in policy design, programme formulation and implementation supplemented with proper monitoring, that ‘real’ development can be achieved. It is also universally accepted that governance is an enabler for socio-economic transformation and this can help in the improvement of lives through the eradication of structural inequality. Hence, strengthening the local governments is critical for ensuring citizen empowerment, civic participation and better service delivery. Furthermore, governance is measurable and can be monitored; thus can ensure a measurable implementation, accountability and monitoring framework (Global Thematic Consultation on Governance and the Post-2015 Development Framework, 2013). Against these backdrops, the current study endeavours to unearth plausible factors influencing the health behaviour of rural people examining a case of India’s National Sanitation Program—Swachh Bharat Mission in Odisha villages. Analysis of primary data collected from six districts across different regions of the Odisha state shows that various managerial, governance and social factors have a significant effect on the health behaviour of people and present more insightful results.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49194906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150964
N. Ganegoda, S. Perera
Superspreading has become a key mechanism of COVID-19 transmission which creates chaos. The classical approach of compartmental models may not sufficiently reflect the epidemiological situation amid superspreading events (SSEs). We perform a data-driven approach and recognise the deterministic chaos of confirmed cases. The first derivative (≈difference of total confirmed cases) and the second derivative (≈difference of the first derivative) are used upon SSEs to showcase the chaos. Varying solution trajectories, sensitivity and numerical unpredictability are the chaotic characteristics discussed here.
{"title":"Chaos of COVID-19 Superspreading Events: An Analysis Via a Data-driven Approach","authors":"N. Ganegoda, S. Perera","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150964","url":null,"abstract":"Superspreading has become a key mechanism of COVID-19 transmission which creates chaos. The classical approach of compartmental models may not sufficiently reflect the epidemiological situation amid superspreading events (SSEs). We perform a data-driven approach and recognise the deterministic chaos of confirmed cases. The first derivative (≈difference of total confirmed cases) and the second derivative (≈difference of the first derivative) are used upon SSEs to showcase the chaos. Varying solution trajectories, sensitivity and numerical unpredictability are the chaotic characteristics discussed here.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"25 1","pages":"514 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47339703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150866
N. Bam
This research aimed to investigate the death counts from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across Asian countries by selecting 42 countries with a nonzero death count. Several studies have assessed personal-level factors that affect mortality rates in patients with COVID-19. However, the influence of country-level factors is still debatable. The results of a generalised estimating equation confirmed that the expected death counts across the countries in the middle quartile group of gross domestic product, upper quartile group of population density and lower quartile group of hospital bed count were higher than those in the countries in other quartile groups. The results further confirmed the positive association of the percentage of the population aged ≥65 years and time (day) with the death count. Visualisations and descriptive statistics showed that the death count increased over time across the Asian countries, with maximum death count occurring in the third quarter of the year 2020. These findings support the recommendation that countries with lower number of hospital beds per 1,000 persons, higher percentage of the population aged 65 years and older and middle and lower economies should take more precautions to reduce the death count from COVID-19.
{"title":"Analysis of Country-Level Risk Factors of COVID-19 Mortality Across Countries of Asia: A Generalised Estimating Equation Approach","authors":"N. Bam","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150866","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to investigate the death counts from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across Asian countries by selecting 42 countries with a nonzero death count. Several studies have assessed personal-level factors that affect mortality rates in patients with COVID-19. However, the influence of country-level factors is still debatable. The results of a generalised estimating equation confirmed that the expected death counts across the countries in the middle quartile group of gross domestic product, upper quartile group of population density and lower quartile group of hospital bed count were higher than those in the countries in other quartile groups. The results further confirmed the positive association of the percentage of the population aged ≥65 years and time (day) with the death count. Visualisations and descriptive statistics showed that the death count increased over time across the Asian countries, with maximum death count occurring in the third quarter of the year 2020. These findings support the recommendation that countries with lower number of hospital beds per 1,000 persons, higher percentage of the population aged 65 years and older and middle and lower economies should take more precautions to reduce the death count from COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1177/09720634221150955
M. Jimenez, R. Manzanera, Mark B. Carascal, M. D. Figueras, J. Wong, D. Moya, J. Mira
The Emergency Department (ED) plays the role of providing efficient and quality healthcare services to patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were observed changes in the ED’s utilisation and management reflecting the underlying challenges faced by most tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. This study aims to describe the changes in the utilisation and management of ED in a major COVID-19 hospital in the Philippines, its implications for inpatient admissions, and effect on ED staff. Patient data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic) were compared. In addition, this study administered a COVID-19-specific psychometric tool to assess the pandemic’s effect on ED staff. Comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic census, this study found a 59.0% and 67.6% decrease in ED consultations and hospital admissions, respectively. ED consultations significantly shifted to older patients, with longer length of stay, increased out-of-pocket payment, and mostly presenting with respiratory-related chief complaints. There is a decrease in general hospital unit utilisation, and the addition of a COVID-19 ward and an ICU. Despite the changes, 63.6% of the ED staff exhibited good emotional adjustment to the stress brought by the pandemic. This study reported the situation of Philippine ED amid the pandemic and indicated the important management changes in ED.
{"title":"Utilisation and Management of an Emergency Department in a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Jimenez, R. Manzanera, Mark B. Carascal, M. D. Figueras, J. Wong, D. Moya, J. Mira","doi":"10.1177/09720634221150955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221150955","url":null,"abstract":"The Emergency Department (ED) plays the role of providing efficient and quality healthcare services to patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were observed changes in the ED’s utilisation and management reflecting the underlying challenges faced by most tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. This study aims to describe the changes in the utilisation and management of ED in a major COVID-19 hospital in the Philippines, its implications for inpatient admissions, and effect on ED staff. Patient data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic) were compared. In addition, this study administered a COVID-19-specific psychometric tool to assess the pandemic’s effect on ED staff. Comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic census, this study found a 59.0% and 67.6% decrease in ED consultations and hospital admissions, respectively. ED consultations significantly shifted to older patients, with longer length of stay, increased out-of-pocket payment, and mostly presenting with respiratory-related chief complaints. There is a decrease in general hospital unit utilisation, and the addition of a COVID-19 ward and an ICU. Despite the changes, 63.6% of the ED staff exhibited good emotional adjustment to the stress brought by the pandemic. This study reported the situation of Philippine ED amid the pandemic and indicated the important management changes in ED.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"25 1","pages":"272 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41961810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1177/09720634231152338
Prem Shankar Mishra, T. Syamala
Although there are multiple vulnerabilities in the utilisation of maternal and child health (MCH) services in India, research has always been focused on single-dimension vulnerabilities like economic or social vulnerabilities. Individuals who are poor may also face other types of vulnerabilities that together affect access to health services. This article, therefore, investigates the linkages between multiple vulnerabilities and the utilisation of MCH care services. Data from National Family Health Survey (2015–2016) for India and states were used for analysing the key outcome variables namely women received four or more antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery, postnatal care (PNC) and full immunisation for children in the age group of 12–23 months. Bivariate analysis and binomial-logistic regression analysis were employed to examine the multiple vulnerabilities on utilising MCH services across three dimensions of vulnerabilities, such as education, wealth and caste. Women with multiple vulnerabilities were less likely to utilise essential MCH services. Women who faced vulnerabilities in all three dimensions were less likely to have received four or more ANC and postnatal care than those who were not deprived of any vulnerabilities (0.3 vs. 0.9 and 0.4 vs. 0.8, respectively). They were also less likely to deliver in health facilities and avail child immunisation (0.5 vs. 0.8 and 0.3 vs. 0.7, respectively). A multi-sectoral approach is therefore required to deal with the issues of low access and underutilisation of MCH services.
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