Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100954
Enrico Albertini, Anna Colonna, Paolo Albertini, Luca Lombardo
This article describes one adult bilateral full-step class II case with severe initial upper incisors retroclination successfully treated by a completely invisible lingual appliance. A non-extraction treatment to compensate for the severe sagittal discrepancy was made possible following the excellent patient cooperation with intermaxillary elastics, combined with upper arch en-masse effective distalization with miniscrews. The application of an auxiliary torque spring was essential to increase upper incisors torque during class II mechanics. This case report shows the possibility of obtaining a full-step class II correction in an hypodivergent adult patient with a completely invisible appliance, taking advantage for the patient cooperation, for a more straightforward and faster non-extraction case resolution. It also underlines on the other hand the importance of successfully controlling incisors torque with auxiliaries in cases of severe retroclination in an adult class II malocclusion, in combination with the simultaneous distalization mechanics for monolateral full-step class II correction, by means of a completely invisible appliance.
本文描述了一个成人双侧全阶梯 II 类病例，该病例患有严重的初始上切牙后倾，采用完全隐形的舌侧矫治器成功治疗了该病。在患者与颌间牵引器的良好配合下，采用非拔牙治疗弥补了严重的矢状不齐，同时使用微型螺钉对上牙弓进行了有效的整体远端矫治。辅助扭力弹簧的应用对于在二类力学中增加上切牙扭力至关重要。本病例报告显示了使用完全隐形矫治器对低分叉的成年患者进行全阶 II 类矫治的可能性，同时利用了患者合作的优势，实现了更直接、更快速的非拔牙矫治。另一方面，报告还强调了在成人 II 类错牙合严重后倾的病例中，通过辅助器成功控制切牙扭矩的重要性，同时结合远端矫治力学，使用全隐形矫治器进行单侧全阶梯 II 类矫治。
{"title":"Non-extraction camouflage on a fully cooperative full-step class II division 2 adult patient treated with en-masse distalization, class II elastics and preadjusted lingual appliance: A case report","authors":"Enrico Albertini, Anna Colonna, Paolo Albertini, Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes one adult bilateral full-step class II case with severe initial upper incisors retroclination successfully treated by a completely invisible lingual appliance. A non-extraction treatment to compensate for the severe sagittal discrepancy was made possible following the excellent patient cooperation with intermaxillary elastics, combined with upper arch en-masse effective distalization with miniscrews. The application of an auxiliary torque spring was essential to increase upper incisors torque during class II mechanics. This case report shows the possibility of obtaining a full-step class II correction in an hypodivergent adult patient with a completely invisible appliance, taking advantage for the patient cooperation, for a more straightforward and faster non-extraction case resolution. It also underlines on the other hand the importance of successfully controlling incisors torque with auxiliaries in cases of severe retroclination in an adult class II malocclusion, in combination with the simultaneous distalization mechanics for monolateral full-step class II correction, by means of a completely invisible appliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100955
Dhruv Ahuja, Ashish Kumar Singh, Puneet Batra
Aim
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of coated nanoparticles within orthodontic appliances as a novel strategy to enhance their antibacterial properties.
Material and methods
A systematic search for relevant articles published between 2013 and March 2024 was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. Studies meeting pre-defined eligibility criteria were included and assessed for methodological quality. Data on the antibacterial activity of coated nanoparticles on orthodontic appliances was extracted from included studies.
Results
A range of antimicrobial agents, including metallic nanoparticles (silver, titanium dioxide, silver-platinum alloy, zinc oxide, copper oxide), and others like chitosan, quaternary ammonium-modified gold nanoclusters, titanium nitride doped with calcium phosphate, and graphene oxide, have been explored for incorporation into orthodontic materials. Studies have shown a significant boost in the antibacterial capacity of these materials compared to controls, suggesting promise for improved oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that incorporating nanoparticles into orthodontic appliances holds promise for enhancing their antibacterial properties. However, the studies displayed significant heterogeneity therefore, further research with standardized protocols for factors like nanoparticle size, concentration, and incorporation techniques across various orthodontic materials is crucial to guide future clinical applications.
{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of nanoparticles on orthodontic materials—A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dhruv Ahuja, Ashish Kumar Singh, Puneet Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of coated nanoparticles within orthodontic appliances as a novel strategy to enhance their antibacterial properties.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A systematic search for relevant articles published between 2013 and March 2024 was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. Studies meeting pre-defined eligibility criteria were included and assessed for methodological quality. Data on the antibacterial activity of coated nanoparticles on orthodontic appliances was extracted from included studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A range of antimicrobial agents, including metallic nanoparticles (silver, titanium dioxide, silver-platinum alloy, zinc oxide, copper oxide), and others like chitosan, quaternary ammonium-modified gold nanoclusters, titanium nitride doped with calcium phosphate, and graphene oxide, have been explored for incorporation into orthodontic materials. Studies have shown a significant boost in the antibacterial capacity of these materials compared to controls, suggesting promise for improved oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It can be concluded that incorporating nanoparticles into orthodontic appliances holds promise for enhancing their antibacterial properties. However, the studies displayed significant heterogeneity therefore, further research with standardized protocols for factors like nanoparticle size, concentration, and incorporation techniques across various orthodontic materials is crucial to guide future clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Prospero registration</h3><div>CRD42024521326.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To assess the reliability of pulp sensibility tests in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Background
The orthodontic force may cause transient changes in pulp vasculature leading to alteration in its response threshold. This may vary with the type, duration and magnitude of forces used. Thus, it is imperative to monitor the pulp sensibility and vitality of teeth during the course of orthodontic treatment.
Material and methods
Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinical Trials Registry-India and OpenGrey. Randomized clinical trials and/or observational studies evaluating the pulp sensibility response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Study characteristics, sample characteristics, methodology details, outcome assessment, and main results were recorded in excel sheet. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess risk of bias (ROB). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool.
Results
Thirteen observational studies were included. Total number of participants who underwent orthodontic treatment was 2956 (average age 17.53 ± 3.81 years). The type and duration of orthodontic force was variable in the different studies. The pulp sensibility response was assessed using either Electric pulp test (EPT), or Thermal pulp test (TPT), or both. Pulp response threshold increased after application of orthodontic force, with number of negative responses peaking at about 2-3 months. Most of the studies presented with a high ROB. The certainty of evidence was considered low.
Conclusions
Based on limited comparative data, TPT was considered more reliable than EPT and that the pulp response threshold increased after application of orthodontic force, peaking at about two or three months. PROSPERO database (CRD42022307390).
目的背景：评估正畸治疗患者牙髓敏感性测试的可靠性：背景：正畸力可能会引起牙髓血管的瞬时变化，从而导致其反应阈值的改变。这可能会随所用力的类型、持续时间和大小而变化。因此，必须在正畸治疗过程中监测牙髓的敏感性和活力：资料来源PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scopus、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials、ClinicalTrials.gov、Clinical Trials Registry-India 和 OpenGrey。纳入了评估正畸治疗患者牙髓敏感性反应的随机临床试验和/或观察性研究。研究特点、样本特点、方法细节、结果评估和主要结果均记录在 excel 表中。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）评估偏倚风险（ROB）。采用建议、评估、发展和评价分级（GRADE）工具对证据的确定性进行评估：结果：共纳入 13 项观察性研究。接受正畸治疗的总人数为 2956 人（平均年龄为 17.53±3.81 岁）。不同研究的正畸力类型和持续时间各不相同。牙髓敏感度反应是通过电牙髓测试（EPT）或热牙髓测试（TPT）或两者同时进行评估的。牙髓反应阈值在施加正畸力后会增加，负反应的数量在大约 2-3 个月时达到峰值。大多数研究的ROB较高。证据的确定性较低：基于有限的比较数据，TPT 被认为比 EPT 更可靠，而且牙髓反应阈值在施加正畸力后会增加，在大约两三个月时达到峰值。PROSPERO数据库（CRD42022307390）。
{"title":"Reliability of electric pulp test and thermal pulp test for assessing pulpal response in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment – A systematic review","authors":"Divya Nangia , Isha Duggal , Ajay Logani , Sidhartha Sharma , Ritu Duggal","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the reliability of pulp sensibility tests in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>The orthodontic force may cause transient changes in pulp vasculature leading to alteration in its response threshold. This may vary with the type, duration and magnitude of forces used. Thus, it is imperative to monitor the pulp sensibility and vitality of teeth during the course of orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinical Trials Registry-India and OpenGrey. Randomized clinical trials and/or observational studies evaluating the pulp sensibility response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Study characteristics, sample characteristics, methodology details, outcome assessment, and main results were recorded in excel sheet. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess risk of bias (ROB). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen observational studies were included. Total number of participants who underwent orthodontic treatment was 2956 (average age 17.53<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.81 years). The type and duration of orthodontic force was variable in the different studies. The pulp sensibility response was assessed using either Electric pulp test (EPT), or Thermal pulp test (TPT), or both. Pulp response threshold increased after application of orthodontic force, with number of negative responses peaking at about 2-3 months. Most of the studies presented with a high ROB. The certainty of evidence was considered low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on limited comparative data, TPT was considered more reliable than EPT and that the pulp response threshold increased after application of orthodontic force, peaking at about two or three months. PROSPERO database (CRD42022307390).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100939
Madhanraj Selvaraj , Karthik Sennimalai , Hamza Parvez Siddiqui , Riya Marie Johnson
Introduction
The dimensions and morphology of sella turcica (ST) are often altered in individuals with craniofacial anomalies, including those with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Therefore, the review aimed to identify the current evidence on the 3D morphological characteristics of the ST in patients with CLP.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using different databases without language or publication date restrictions. Studies were included comparing non-syndromic CLP patients to non-cleft controls using 3D imaging techniques for ST assessment. Critical appraisal of included studies was evaluated using the JBI case-control checklist and Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for quantitative synthesis.
Results
Out of 1187 identified articles, six studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were rated moderate quality, while two were considered low quality. Most studies reported larger overall ST dimensions in non-cleft controls, with significant differences in ST depth and diameter. The meta-analysis revealed reduced ST depth (MD = −0.95; 95% CI: −1.73, −0.17; P = 0.02) and diameter (MD = −1.00; 95% CI: −1.88, −0.11; P = 0.03) in CLP patients, while no significant difference was observed in ST length. CLP patients exhibited more irregular ST morphologies, such as flattening and irregular posterior walls.
Conclusions
The review highlights an association between CLP and alterations in ST morphology and dimensions. However, variability in methodologies and the lack of standardized protocols across studies limit the generalizability of these findings. Future research should focus on standardized protocols and larger, more diverse samples to enhance the understanding of ST variations in CLP.
Registration
Registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42024505594).
简介：颅面畸形患者，包括唇腭裂（CLP）患者的耳廓（ST）尺寸和形态通常会发生改变。因此，本综述旨在确定目前有关 CLP 患者耳廓三维形态特征的证据：方法：使用不同的数据库进行系统性文献检索，无语言或出版日期限制。纳入的研究比较了使用三维成像技术评估 ST 的非综合征 CLP 患者和非左侧对照组。采用 JBI 病例对照核对表和解剖学质量保证（AQUA）核对表对纳入研究进行严格评估。采用随机效应荟萃分析进行定量综合：在 1187 篇鉴定文章中，有 6 项研究符合纳入标准。其中四项研究被评为中等质量，两项被评为低质量。大多数研究报告称，非左侧对照组的 ST 整体尺寸较大，ST 深度和直径差异显著。荟萃分析显示，CLP 患者的 ST 深度（MD=-0.95；95% CI：-1.73, -0.17；P=0.02）和直径（MD=-1.00；95% CI：-1.88, -0.11；P=0.03）减小，而 ST 长度无明显差异。CLP患者的ST形态更不规则，如扁平和后壁不规则：综述强调了CLP与ST形态和尺寸改变之间的关联。然而，研究方法的差异和缺乏标准化方案限制了这些发现的普遍性。未来的研究应侧重于标准化方案和更大规模、更多样化的样本，以加深对CLP中ST变化的理解：已在国际系统综述前瞻性注册中心注册（PROSPERO-CRD42024505594）。
{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of sella turcica morphology and dimensions in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Madhanraj Selvaraj , Karthik Sennimalai , Hamza Parvez Siddiqui , Riya Marie Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The dimensions and morphology of sella turcica (ST) are often altered in individuals with craniofacial anomalies, including those with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Therefore, the review aimed to identify the current evidence on the 3D morphological characteristics of the ST in patients with CLP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted using different databases without language or publication date restrictions. Studies were included comparing non-syndromic CLP patients to non-cleft controls using 3D imaging techniques for ST assessment. Critical appraisal of included studies was evaluated using the JBI case-control checklist and Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for quantitative synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 1187 identified articles, six studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were rated moderate quality, while two were considered low quality. Most studies reported larger overall ST dimensions in non-cleft controls, with significant differences in ST depth and diameter. The meta-analysis revealed reduced ST depth (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.95; 95% CI: −1.73, −0.17; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.02) and diameter (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−1.00; 95% CI: −1.88, −0.11; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.03) in CLP patients, while no significant difference was observed in ST length. CLP patients exhibited more irregular ST morphologies, such as flattening and irregular posterior walls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The review highlights an association between CLP and alterations in ST morphology and dimensions. However, variability in methodologies and the lack of standardized protocols across studies limit the generalizability of these findings. Future research should focus on standardized protocols and larger, more diverse samples to enhance the understanding of ST variations in CLP.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>Registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42024505594).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100940
Gabrielle Roberts , Xiaoming Xu , Edwin Kee , Andrew Chapple , Virgil Bartels , Paul Armbruster , Richard Ballard
Purpose
Orthodontic treatment often involves bonding brackets to teeth, and the protocols for natural enamel differ from those for prosthodontically restored teeth. With the rising number of adult orthodontic patients, many present with zirconia crowns. This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to transition dental zirconia, which combines 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP powders.
Methods
Ninety zirconia substrates were divided into three groups (n = 30) based on transition zirconia brands (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus, Cercon® ht ML, and Katana™ Zirconia UTML) and bonded with ceramic brackets (CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary and Symetri Clear) using 3M™ Transbond™ XT. A control group used traditional zirconia and metal brackets. Surface treatments included 50-micron aluminium oxide abrasion and Z-Prime™ Plus application. SBS was tested post-thermocycling. Adhesive Resin Index (ARI) was scored and surface roughness was evaluated pre- and post-bonding.
Results
Group 1 (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus with CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary brackets) had a significantly lower SBS (mean 13.27 MPa) compared to the other groups, which all had SBS values above 18.80 MPa (P ≤ .023). Group 2 (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus with Symetri™ Clear) demonstrated a significantly higher mean ARI compared to the control group (Cercon® XT with Victory Series™ Roth), (P = .027). Additionally, significant changes in surface roughness were observed in Groups B (Cercon® ht ML) (P = .008) and C (Katana™ Zirconia UTML) (P = .016).
Conclusion
This study determined that the shear bond strength of various transitional zirconia substrates with ceramic brackets exceeded the clinically acceptable SBS levels. The combination of 3M ESPE Lava™ Plus and Symetri™ Clear exhibited significant variation in ARI. Additionally, significant surface irregularities were observed in 3M ESPE Lava™ Plus and Cercon® ht ML following air abrasion, compared to other transitional zirconia brands.
目的：正畸治疗通常需要在牙齿上粘接托槽，天然珐琅质的粘接方法与修复牙齿的粘接方法不同。随着成年正畸患者人数的增加，许多患者都使用氧化锆牙冠。本研究旨在评估陶瓷正畸托槽与过渡牙用氧化锆（结合了 3Y-TZP 和 5Y-TZP 粉末）粘结的剪切粘结强度（SBS）：根据过渡氧化锆品牌（3M ESPE Lava™ Plus、Cercon® ht ML 和 Katana™ Zirconia UTML）将 90 个氧化锆基底分为三组（n=30），并使用 3M™ Transbond™ XT 与陶瓷托槽（CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary 和 Symetri Clear）粘接。对照组使用传统的氧化锆和金属支架。表面处理包括 50 微米氧化铝研磨和 Z-Prime™ Plus 应用。热循环后测试 SBS。对粘合剂树脂指数（ARI）进行评分，并对粘合前后的表面粗糙度进行评估：第一组（3M ESPE Lava™ Plus 与 CHIC Ceramic Roth 上颌托槽）的 SBS 值（平均 13.27MPa）明显低于其他组，其他组的 SBS 值均高于 18.80MPa（P≤.023）。与对照组（Cercon® XT 与 Victory Series™ Roth）相比，第 2 组（3M ESPE Lava™ Plus 与 Symetri™ Clear）的平均 ARI 值明显更高（P=.027）。此外，B 组（Cercon® ht ML）（P=.008）和 C 组（Katana™ Zirconia UTML）（P=.016）的表面粗糙度也有明显变化：本研究确定，各种过渡氧化锆基底与陶瓷托槽的剪切粘结强度超过了临床可接受的 SBS 水平。3M ESPE Lava™ Plus 和 Symetri™ Clear 的组合在 ARI 方面表现出显著的差异。此外，与其他过渡氧化锆品牌相比，3M ESPE Lava™ Plus 和 Cercon® ht ML 在气磨后出现了明显的表面不规则。
{"title":"An in vitro study of orthodontic brackets bonded to transition dental zirconia: Shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, and surface irregularities","authors":"Gabrielle Roberts , Xiaoming Xu , Edwin Kee , Andrew Chapple , Virgil Bartels , Paul Armbruster , Richard Ballard","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Orthodontic treatment often involves bonding brackets to teeth, and the protocols for natural enamel differ from those for prosthodontically restored teeth. With the rising number of adult orthodontic patients, many present with zirconia crowns. This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to transition dental zirconia, which combines 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP powders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety zirconia substrates were divided into three groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->30) based on transition zirconia brands (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus, Cercon® ht ML, and Katana™ Zirconia UTML) and bonded with ceramic brackets (CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary and Symetri Clear) using 3M™ Transbond™ XT. A control group used traditional zirconia and metal brackets. Surface treatments included 50-micron aluminium oxide abrasion and Z-Prime™ Plus application. SBS was tested post-thermocycling. Adhesive Resin Index (ARI) was scored and surface roughness was evaluated pre- and post-bonding.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group 1 (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus with CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary brackets) had a significantly lower SBS (mean 13.27<!--> <!-->MPa) compared to the other groups, which all had SBS values above 18.80<!--> <!-->MPa (<em>P</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->.023). Group 2 (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus with Symetri™ Clear) demonstrated a significantly higher mean ARI compared to the control group (Cercon® XT with Victory Series™ Roth), (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.027). Additionally, significant changes in surface roughness were observed in Groups B (Cercon® ht ML) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.008) and C (Katana™ Zirconia UTML) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.016).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study determined that the shear bond strength of various transitional zirconia substrates with ceramic brackets exceeded the clinically acceptable SBS levels. The combination of 3M ESPE Lava™ Plus and Symetri™ Clear exhibited significant variation in ARI. Additionally, significant surface irregularities were observed in 3M ESPE Lava™ Plus and Cercon® ht ML following air abrasion, compared to other transitional zirconia brands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probiotics are living micro-organisms that are likely to influence oral health by modulating the oral microbiota and offer a promising preventive approach to gum and dental disease. This approach is particularly relevant for orthodontic patients, who are more susceptible to gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of a probiotic toothpaste versus a regular toothpaste on gingival health and plaque levels in orthodontic patients.
Methods
Participants were recruited between 4 June 2024 and 15 July 2024, and were aged between 18 and 50 years. They did not suffer from mental/physical disabilities, craniofacial disorders, enamel/tooth dysplasia and were not taking medication affecting plaque build-up. Participants were randomized in two groups using a computer programme and sealed envelopes: the group A (control) used an ordinary toothpaste (Colgate) twice a day for four weeks, the group B used a probiotic toothpaste containing Lactobacillus paracasei twice a day for four weeks. Standard oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants. The primary outcome was the mean change in gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index (PI) over four weeks. This was an open-label trial. Only the evaluator was blinded and the evaluation criteria were objective.
Results
Forty-four participants, 22 in each group, were finally included and analysed. After the intervention, the probiotic group had a significantly lower median gingival score [0.12 (IQR 0.09, 0.16)] than the control group [0.15 (IQR 0.10, 0.18)], with a p-value of 0.041 (95% CI: 0.009–0.18). However, there was no significant difference in plaque scores between the two groups [Probiotic: 20.0 (IQR 18.0, 21.0) vs. control: 21.0 (IQR 19.0, 22.0), P = 0.15]. No significant adverse events or side effects were reported.
Conclusion
Under the conditions of this trial, the probiotic toothpaste only significantly improved the gingival bleeding index in orthodontic patients compared to regular toothpaste.
{"title":"Effect of probiotic toothpaste and regular toothpaste on gingival health and plaque levels of adult orthodontic patients – An open label randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kanza Tahir, Afeefa Abul Barakaat, Umair Shoukat Ali, Mubassar Fida, Rashna Hoshang Sukhia","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Probiotics are living micro-organisms that are likely to influence oral health by modulating the oral microbiota and offer a promising preventive approach to gum and dental disease. This approach is particularly relevant for orthodontic patients, who are more susceptible to gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of a probiotic toothpaste versus a regular toothpaste on gingival health and plaque levels in orthodontic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were recruited between 4 June 2024 and 15 July 2024, and were aged between 18 and 50<!--> <!-->years. They did not suffer from mental/physical disabilities, craniofacial disorders, enamel/tooth dysplasia and were not taking medication affecting plaque build-up. Participants were randomized in two groups using a computer programme and sealed envelopes: the group A (control) used an ordinary toothpaste (Colgate) twice a day for four weeks, the group B used a probiotic toothpaste containing <em>Lactobacillus paracasei</em> twice a day for four weeks. Standard oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants. The primary outcome was the mean change in gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index (PI) over four weeks. This was an open-label trial. Only the evaluator was blinded and the evaluation criteria were objective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-four participants, 22 in each group, were finally included and analysed. After the intervention, the probiotic group had a significantly lower median gingival score [0.12 (IQR 0.09, 0.16)] than the control group [0.15 (IQR 0.10, 0.18)], with a p-value of 0.041 (95% CI: 0.009–0.18). However, there was no significant difference in plaque scores between the two groups [Probiotic: 20.0 (IQR 18.0, 21.0) vs. control: 21.0 (IQR 19.0, 22.0), <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.15]. No significant adverse events or side effects were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Under the conditions of this trial, the probiotic toothpaste only significantly improved the gingival bleeding index in orthodontic patients compared to regular toothpaste.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrial.gov (<span><span>NCT06473792</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100937
Enrico Albertini , Paolo Albertini , Anna Colonna , Federico Rivara , Luca Lombardo
This case report describes the treatment of a Class II malocclusion with upper lateral incisors agenesis in an adult patient, performed by an invisible preadjusted lingual appliance, monolateral space opening and dental Class II correction. The patient had previously been treated by clear aligners with the insertion of an implant in upper right canine position in order to close the remaining space. With the twofold aim of obtaining ideal occlusal relationship and smile aesthetic improvement, it highlights how a fixed orthodontic technique is needed to achieve the planned results, when anterior torque, bodily translations and deep-bite correction are necessary. On the other hand, it underlines how the treatment plan should not be adapted to the limits of the employed appliance, but should aim for the best clinical result for the patient. A prosthetic finalisation was in the end performed in order to obtain the best aesthetic result.
{"title":"Invisible treatment with preadjusted lingual appliance and monolateral space opening for an adult Class II malocclusion with upper lateral incisors agenesis: An ortho-prosthetic case report","authors":"Enrico Albertini , Paolo Albertini , Anna Colonna , Federico Rivara , Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes the treatment of a Class II malocclusion with upper lateral incisors agenesis in an adult patient, performed by an invisible preadjusted lingual appliance, monolateral space opening and dental Class II correction. The patient had previously been treated by clear aligners with the insertion of an implant in upper right canine position in order to close the remaining space. With the twofold aim of obtaining ideal occlusal relationship and smile aesthetic improvement, it highlights how a fixed orthodontic technique is needed to achieve the planned results, when anterior torque, bodily translations and deep-bite correction are necessary. On the other hand, it underlines how the treatment plan should not be adapted to the limits of the employed appliance, but should aim for the best clinical result for the patient. A prosthetic finalisation was in the end performed in order to obtain the best aesthetic result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100933
Yangyang Yang , Shengxuan Pan , Jie Zhao , Xiaogang Pan , Tsung-Yuan Tsai
Objectives
The distribution and size of the zone of the centres of resistance (ZCR) are critical for accurate orthodontic treatments and minimizing unexpected tooth movements. However, this information remains unclear for mandibular incisors and canines. This study aims to address these gaps in knowledge.
Methods
Finite element models of four incisors and canines from four individuals were created. Four centres of resistance (CRs) under four orthodontic directions (0° ∼ 45° ∼ 90° ∼ 135° to the sagittal plane in the horizontal plane) were assessed by a novel method. The height of the CRs was normalized to a percentage of the long axis, and the offsets were expressed as a distance value after normalization. The ZCR was obtained by fitting a 90% confidence sphere of the CR distribution. Validation was conducted to find the perturbations when the positions out of the zone were applied.
Results
The maximum variation of CR in the heights under four directions was 5.17% and 3.70% for the incisors and canines, respectively. The maximum offset between the CR and long axis was 0.14 mm in incisors and 0.99 mm in canines. The height of the zone in the incisor and canine was 57.75% and 59.72%, and the radius of the zone was 0.60 mm and 0.65 mm, respectively. The force-acting point outside the zone produced a large rotation, which was unexpected.
Conclusions
The ZCR of mandibular incisors located slightly lower than that of canines, but they were almost the same size. The ZCR was recommended as the “gold reference” for orthodontics to reduce unexpected movement.
{"title":"Three-dimensional zone of the centers of resistance of the mandibular incisors and canines: A novel approach by finite element analysis","authors":"Yangyang Yang , Shengxuan Pan , Jie Zhao , Xiaogang Pan , Tsung-Yuan Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The distribution and size of the zone of the centres of resistance (ZCR) are critical for accurate orthodontic treatments and minimizing unexpected tooth movements. However, this information remains unclear for mandibular incisors and canines. This study aims to address these gaps in knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Finite element models of four incisors and canines from four individuals were created. Four centres of resistance (CRs) under four orthodontic directions (0° ∼ 45° ∼ 90° ∼ 135° to the sagittal plane in the horizontal plane) were assessed by a novel method. The height of the CRs was normalized to a percentage of the long axis, and the offsets were expressed as a distance value after normalization. The ZCR was obtained by fitting a 90% confidence sphere of the CR distribution. Validation was conducted to find the perturbations when the positions out of the zone were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The maximum variation of CR in the heights under four directions was 5.17% and 3.70% for the incisors and canines, respectively. The maximum offset between the CR and long axis was 0.14<!--> <!-->mm in incisors and 0.99<!--> <!-->mm in canines. The height of the zone in the incisor and canine was 57.75% and 59.72%, and the radius of the zone was 0.60<!--> <!-->mm and 0.65<!--> <!-->mm, respectively. The force-acting point outside the zone produced a large rotation, which was unexpected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The ZCR of mandibular incisors located slightly lower than that of canines, but they were almost the same size. The ZCR was recommended as the “gold reference” for orthodontics to reduce unexpected movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100936
Rehab A. Khalil , Walid S. Salem
Objective
This study aimed to assess the changes in the pharyngeal airway morphology after premolar extraction and maximum anchorage retraction of the anterior segments in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients by using CBCT.
Material and methods
Twenty-one subjects (mean age 23.8 ± 4.6 years) requiring extraction of four first premolars and en masse retraction of the anterior segments using maximum anchorage participated in the study from July 2022 to May 2024 with an average treatment duration of 19.9 months. CBCT scans were taken before treatment (pre) and after en masse retraction (post). Airway volume was measured by using Relu software. The pre- and post-CBCT scans were superimposed by using Romexis 1 software. The cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured at the level of the hard palate, soft palate, and epiglottis. The most constricted area (MCA) was recorded. The hyoid bone position was evaluated by using 5 linear measurements. The upper and lower incisor angulations to the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH) were measured before and after retraction. Paired t-test was used to analyse the measurements and correlation analyses were made using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient (rs). The significance level was set at P < 0.05 within all tests.
Results
Twenty-one participants (16 females, 5 males) followed the inclusion criteria and enrolled in the analysis. There were no significant differences in airway volume, cross-sectional areas, or hyoid bone position between before treatment and after en masse retraction (P > 0.05). There was a significant retraction of the incisors after treatment (P < 0.001). The change in the most constricted area had a large positive correlation with the change in the airway volume (rs = 0.509*) and the area of the soft palate (rs = 0.653*).
Conclusion
Maximum anchorage retraction had no significant effect on airway volume, cross-sectional area, or hyoid bone position.
{"title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of the airway morphology after miniscrew-supported en masse retraction in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients by using cone beam computed tomography: A single-arm clinical trial","authors":"Rehab A. Khalil , Walid S. Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the changes in the pharyngeal airway morphology after premolar extraction and maximum anchorage retraction of the anterior segments in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients by using CBCT.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Twenty-one subjects (mean age 23.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.6 years) requiring extraction of four first premolars and en masse retraction of the anterior segments using maximum anchorage participated in the study from July 2022 to May 2024 with an average treatment duration of 19.9 months. CBCT scans were taken before treatment (pre) and after en masse retraction (post). Airway volume was measured by using Relu software. The pre- and post-CBCT scans were superimposed by using Romexis 1 software. The cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured at the level of the hard palate, soft palate, and epiglottis. The most constricted area (MCA) was recorded. The hyoid bone position was evaluated by using 5 linear measurements. The upper and lower incisor angulations to the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH) were measured before and after retraction. Paired <em>t</em>-test was used to analyse the measurements and correlation analyses were made using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient (rs). The significance level was set at <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05 within all tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-one participants (16 females, 5 males) followed the inclusion criteria and enrolled in the analysis. There were no significant differences in airway volume, cross-sectional areas, or hyoid bone position between before treatment and after en masse retraction (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). There was a significant retraction of the incisors after treatment (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). The change in the most constricted area had a large positive correlation with the change in the airway volume (rs<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.509*) and the area of the soft palate (rs<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.653*).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Maximum anchorage retraction had no significant effect on airway volume, cross-sectional area, or hyoid bone position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100932
Beike Wang , Juan Qi
This case report describes the successful long-term management of a 19-year-old female patient presenting with a skeletal Class II pattern, mild anterior open bite, and mandibular retrognathia. The orthodontic treatment approach involved the distal movement of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions through the extraction of the maxillary second molars and mandibular third molars, combined with the use of extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crest (IZC) and buccal shelf (BS) miniscrews for anchorage. The treatment outcome achieved a stable, well-aligned dentition with ideal intercuspation and an improved facial profile. The 7-year post-treatment records demonstrated a stable occlusion and satisfactory facial aesthetics, confirming the long-term stability of this treatment approach. This case report supports that en-masse distalization of the entire dentition by extracting the upper second molars and lower third molars, coupled with bone miniscrew anchorages, can be a favourable alternative to the conventional premolar extraction approach for the correction of borderline Class II malocclusions.
本病例报告描述了对一名 19 岁女性患者的成功长期治疗，该患者的骨骼形态为 II 类、轻度前牙开合咬合和下颌后缩。正畸治疗方法包括通过拔除上颌第二磨牙和下颌第三磨牙来实现上颌和下颌牙体的远端移动，同时使用牙槽下颧嵴（IZC）和颊架（BS）微型螺钉进行固定。治疗结果显示，患者的牙列稳定、整齐，牙间隙理想，面部轮廓得到改善。治疗后 7 年的记录显示咬合稳定，面部美观令人满意，证实了这种治疗方法的长期稳定性。本病例报告证明，通过拔除上第二磨牙和下第三磨牙，对整个牙列进行整体远端化，再加上骨小螺钉固定，可以替代传统的前磨牙拔除法，用于矫正边缘性二类错合畸形。
{"title":"Successful management and stability of maxillary class II dentoalveolar protrusion with extractions of upper second and lower third molars, using en-masse distalization and vertical control with bone miniscrews: Adult case report with 7-year follow-up","authors":"Beike Wang , Juan Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes the successful long-term management of a 19-year-old female patient presenting with a skeletal Class II pattern, mild anterior open bite, and mandibular retrognathia. The orthodontic treatment approach involved the distal movement of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions through the extraction of the maxillary second molars and mandibular third molars, combined with the use of extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crest (IZC) and buccal shelf (BS) miniscrews for anchorage. The treatment outcome achieved a stable, well-aligned dentition with ideal intercuspation and an improved facial profile. The 7-year post-treatment records demonstrated a stable occlusion and satisfactory facial aesthetics, confirming the long-term stability of this treatment approach. This case report supports that en-masse distalization of the entire dentition by extracting the upper second molars and lower third molars, coupled with bone miniscrew anchorages, can be a favourable alternative to the conventional premolar extraction approach for the correction of borderline Class II malocclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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