International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Expression of autophagy and apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement alveolar bone remodeling in rats with varied periodontal conditions","authors":"Yidan Zhang,&nbsp;Bowen Xu,&nbsp;Chuhan Peng,&nbsp;Linna Bai,&nbsp;Kai Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Orthodontic treatment in periodontitis patients is challenging due to unpredictable bone remodeling and tissue damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of orthodontic force on periodontal ligament cell autophagy, apoptosis, and bone remodeling under various inflammatory states using a rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Seventy-five male Sprague – Dawley rats were used to establish OTM models for the periodontal health, active periodontitis, and stable periodontitis groups. Orthodontic force was applied at twelve weeks of age, with rats euthanized on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 after force application. Microcomputed tomography quantified the OTM distance, alveolar bone crest resorption, and trabecular bone microarchitecture parameters. Immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining evaluated the expression levels of inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, osteogenesis, and osteoclast numbers in the periodontal ligament.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The active periodontitis group exhibited the greatest OTM distance, alveolar bone resorption, and osteoclast activity, along with consistently high inflammatory factor expression. In this group, autophagy-related proteins increased on the tension side but decreased on the compression side, while apoptotic protein expression significantly rose. Osteokine levels were low, with an earlier peak decline observed in the active periodontitis group. The periodontal health group maintained high osteogenic activity, and the stable periodontitis group fell in between the two.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The inflammatory microenvironment in active periodontitis interacts with orthodontic force to disrupt the protective autophagy-apoptosis balance, coinciding with increased tissue destruction. Healthy, stable periodontium shows adaptive remodeling, emphasizing the importance of controlling inflammation before orthodontic treatment. This animal experimental procedure complies with the ARRIVE guidelines, and this research was approved by the Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee of the School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University (N^o̊ KQYY-202207-005).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of varying thicknesses and temperature changes on shape memory behaviour in 3D DPA versus thermoformed clear aligner materials: An in vitro study","authors":"Venkata Durga Mahendra Tivanani,&nbsp;Swetha Reddy Dalli,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Varma Datla,&nbsp;Anoosha Manda,&nbsp;Sai Keerthi Velagala,&nbsp;Padma Priya Cv","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study evaluated the shape memory behaviour of TA-28 compared to PET-G at different thicknesses and temperatures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two materials were tested: thermoformed CA Pro (PET-G) and 3D-printed TA-28 (Graphy, Korea), in 0.5<!--> <!-->mm and 0.75<!--> <!-->mm thicknesses. A total of 160 aligner strips were fabricated and tested for shape recovery at 30<!--> <!-->°C, 37<!--> <!-->°C, 40<!--> <!-->°C, and 80<!--> <!-->°C. Each strip was bent at 100<!--> <!-->°C and recovery was measured over 60<!--> <!-->minutes using a protractor-based template.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TA-28 exhibited significantly higher shape recovery than PET-G at all temperatures (<em>P</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.001). Recovery increased with temperature and was greatest for the 0.5<!--> <!-->mm TA-28 samples. At 37<!--> <!-->°C, TA-28 reached up to 60.7% recovery within 60<!--> <!-->minutes, while PET-G showed negligible change. Three-way ANOVA revealed significant interactions among material, thickness, and temperature (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TA-28 aligners demonstrate superior shape memory properties compared to PET-G, particularly at body temperature. TA-28 samples with 0.5<!--> <!-->mm thickness recovered faster and to a greater extent, offering more consistent force delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Directly 3D-printed TA-28 aligners may enhance treatment predictability, reduce patient discomfort, and provide sustained orthodontic force due to their temperature-responsive shape recovery. These findings support the use of smart materials in future orthodontic aligner design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mechanical properties of in-house manufactured fully customized lingual brackets versus prefabricated brackets: An in vitro study","authors":"Pedro Graziani Olímpio Pereira ,&nbsp;Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira ,&nbsp;Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ,&nbsp;Marcos Roberto de Freitas ,&nbsp;Daniela Garib ,&nbsp;Guilherme Janson","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This in vitro study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of fully customized lingual brackets (FCLBs) designed and manufactured in-house using open-source software with two commercially prefabricated lingual brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The FCLBs were designed with Liberteeth 3D, a plug-in within the open-source software Blender 3D. The .stl files of the brackets were printed using a direct laser metal sintering machine. The comparison groups included prefabricated In-Ovation® L (IOL) and New STb™ brackets (STb). The sample included 24 lingual brackets, eight per group. The groups were compared in vitro regarding static and kinetic friction using a universal testing machine, and slot size and surface roughness were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and non-contact laser profilometry. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and One-way Analysis of Variance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences in static and kinetic friction were found. All tested brackets showed slight deviations in slot sizes compared to the manufacturer's prescription. IOL brackets demonstrated a significantly smaller slot size in both height (MD: −32.17; CI: −56.66, −19.71; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and width (MD: −137.31; CI: −188.46, −105.17; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) compared with STb brackets. The FCLBs presented significantly greater surface slot roughness compared with the In-Ovation® (MD: −0.41; CI: −0.49, −0.34; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) and New STb™ (MD: −0.39; CI: −0.47, −0.32; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The design and manufacture of FCLBs using open-source software is feasible. However, the sintering and surface polishing processes require improvement to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in a future clinical perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-surgical treatment of severe anterior open bite, hyperdivergent pattern, and posterior crossbite in an adult with atrophy of the mandibular first molar extraction site: A case report","authors":"Ahmed S. Khalil,&nbsp;Sherief H. Abdel-Haffiez","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anterior open bite presents a significant challenge in orthodontic treatment due to its multifactorial aetiology. Managing such cases in adult patients is further complicated when additional factors, such as posterior crossbite, are present. Space closure in an atrophic edentulous ridge poses an added challenge due to reduced alveolar bone width and the risk of periodontal compromise. The diagnostic and treatment details of the present case were documented in accordance with the CARE guidelines for clinical case reporting. This case report describes the successful non-surgical management of an 18-year-old female with severe anterior open bite, hyperdivergent facial morphology, bilateral posterior crossbite, and an atrophic mandibular first molar extraction site with a mesially and lingually tipped second molar. The patient declined orthognathic surgery, leading to the consideration of a comprehensive orthodontic approach in conjunction with Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) for transverse correction, skeletal anchorage for maxillary molar intrusion, and fixed orthodontic appliances for space closure and molar uprighting. Treatment resulted in a functional occlusion with Class I molar and canine relationships, normal overjet and overbite, and stable transverse correction. The patient received satisfactory facial aesthetics with a harmonious smile and was pleased with the results. The integration of skeletal anchorage enabled effective vertical and transverse correction in an adult patient without orthognathic surgery. Controlled uprighting with intrusion allowed for proper alignment of a tipped mandibular molar, followed by successful protraction across an atrophic ridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary management of a skeletal class II, hyperdivergent patient accompanied by multiple missing teeth and severe overeruption with orthodontic assisted space redistribution and implant restoration","authors":"Tianyi Xie,&nbsp;Boxi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term absence of posterior teeth often leads to significant overeruption of the antagonists, posing a substantial challenge for restorative treatment planning. This case report presents an interdisciplinary approach for a skeletal class II, hyperdivergent patient accompanied by missing maxillary second premolars (15,25), left maxillary second molar (27), mandibular first and second molars (36,37,46,47) and severe overeruption of maxillary first molars (16,17). The maxillary first molars were intruded using both buccal and palatal miniscrews while the existing maxillary spaces were closed. In the mandible, the existing spaces were strategically redistributed through the substitution of third molars for missing second molars, complemented by implant-supported restoration of the first molars. After 35 months of active treatment, well-aligned dentition, ideal intercuspation, and a notably improved facial profile were achieved, which remained stable during the 17 months follow-up. Overeruption resulting from long-standing absence of opposing teeth can be effectively managed through orthodontic intrusion with temporary anchorage devices. The strategic use of existing third molars for space redistribution offers a cost-effective, biologically conservative solution that preserves natural dentition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular symphysis dimensions among various craniofacial patterns: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad Saood ,&nbsp;Qasim Khalid ,&nbsp;Wajiha Abbas ,&nbsp;Umer Hussain ,&nbsp;Marium Jamil ,&nbsp;Umar Hussain ,&nbsp;Alessandra Campobasso ,&nbsp;Junad Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on mandibular symphysis dimensions across different sagittal and vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligibility criteria: cross sectional studies comparing mandibular symphysis dimensions among individuals with different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Information sources: unrestricted literature search of six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACs, Cochrane and Google Scholar) was conducted up to April 2025 without language restriction. Risk of bias: the quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Synthesis of results: random-effects meta-analyses were performed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using I² and Tau² statistics. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity, imaging modality, and risk of bias. Publication bias was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included studies: twenty-three cross-sectional studies involving 3313 participants (40.35% male) were included. Synthesis of results: class III subjects showed significantly greater symphysis area (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.37[1.33, 3.41]), height (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.75[0.27, 1.22]), and convexity (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.59[0.69, 6.49]) compared to Class I. Hyperdivergent individuals had increased symphysis height (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.31[0.53, 2.1]) and reduced width (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–1.25[–2.37,–0.12]), while hypodivergent individuals showed reduced height (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–0.68[–1.34,–0.03]) and increased width (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.42[0.41, 2.42]). Subgroup analyses revealed ethnicity and risk of bias as significant modifiers, particularly in Class II and vertical pattern comparisons. No significant publication bias was detected.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Limitations of evidence: the inclusion of mostly retrospective studies, presence of growing individuals, inadequate control for confounders, inconsistent age and sex reporting, and limited outcome data restricted the strength and scope of the meta-analysis. Interpretation: symphysis dimensions vary by skeletal pattern, with vertical growth type showing stronger associations than sagittal class.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>PROPSERO (CRD420251049382).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes assessed in clinical trials concerning orthodontic retention: A scoping review","authors":"Dalya Al-Moghrabi ,&nbsp;Sarah Abu Arqub ,&nbsp;Lina Alfadil ,&nbsp;Nada A. Al-shehri ,&nbsp;Selena H.M. Tee ,&nbsp;Padhraig S. Fleming","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess outcomes and outcome measurement tools used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning orthodontic retention, and to evaluate the study and sample characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify RCTs concerning orthodontic retention in participants of any age, published up to May 17th, 2025. Primary and secondary outcomes were grouped into main domains with associated outcome measurement tool recorded. Data relating to sample characteristics, type of intervention, dropout rate, study setting and duration, and recall intervals were obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1526 papers identified, 129 were included. Dental alignment (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->38) and arch width changes (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->30) were the most prevalent primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Patient-centred outcomes were evaluated in only 33 studies (25.6%). Heterogeneity in outcome measurements was evident for both periodontal and dental alignment outcomes. Most participants were adolescents (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->63; 48.84%) with most included studies involving comparisons between variants of removable retainers (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->38; 29.5%). The effects of retainer use were considered in both arches (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->61; 47.3%) or the mandibular arch alone (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51; 39.5%). The average follow-up was 13.04<!--> <!-->months with moderate dropout rates (&gt;<!--> <!-->10%) reported in 27.9% of the studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Orthodontic retention trials primarily focused on short-term dental alignment in the lower arch and generally overlooked patient-centred outcomes. Prolonged follow-up remains the exception with moderate dropout rates typical even in short-term studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sella turcica bridging and skeletal sagittal patterns in patients with third molar agenesis: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Maria Francesca Sfondrini ,&nbsp;Maurizio Pascadopoli ,&nbsp;Enrico Sangalli ,&nbsp;Chiara Falzinella ,&nbsp;Andrea Scribante","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the associations between sella turcica bridging (STB) and skeletal malocclusion patterns in orthodontic patients with third molar agenesis (TMA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Panoramic radiographs were taken from patients aged 8–18 years to identify TMA. All the patients were included between March 2023 and June 2023. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from both patients with TMA (agenesis group, AG) and those without TMA (control group, CG). Cephalometric measurements between the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The analysis of the sella turcica was carried out on lateral cephalometric radiographs based on Leonardi's classification. Linear regressions were performed between bridging, agenesis, cephalometric measurements, sex and age. Significance was set at <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four hundred patients were included in the study, 200 for the AG group and 200 for the CG. A statistically significant influence of agenesis on the sella depth measurement, which was on average higher in the AG compared to the CG, was found, particularly in cases of mandibular agenesis. Both ANB and A0B0 were significantly lower in the AG compared to the CG (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05), especially in the mandibular agenesis subgroup. Although the results are statistically significant for the A0B0 and SNB values, they were not clinically relevant. The intermaxillary angle is generally reduced in AG, indicating a greater tendency towards a hypodivergent skeletal pattern. The values of the joint angles, the total gonial angle, and the upper and lower gonial angles are slightly increased on average in AG compared to CG. The percentage ratio between posterior and anterior facial height is higher in AG compared to CG. The most important finding is that the mandibular body length is significantly shorter in AG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>No significant association was found between TMA and the skeletal parameters of the sella turcica. A possible association was found between TMA and skeletal malocclusions, particularly Class III malocclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palatal bone thickness in adult patients with different facial patterns: A retrospective cross-sectional CBCT study for orthodontic miniscrew planning","authors":"Luis Alejandro Guanoluiza Pineida ,&nbsp;Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata ,&nbsp;Mauricio Aguirre Balseca ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ,&nbsp;Alex Dario Ganan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Effective orthodontic anchorage control plays a crucial role in achieving successful treatment outcomes, particularly in cases involving significant tooth movements. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) placed in the midpalatal region have become widely used due to their ability to provide absolute skeletal anchorage without depending on patient compliance. However, anatomical variables such as palatal bone thickness and possible variations according to facial pattern are essential considerations during treatment planning.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate and compare palatal bone thickness in adult patients with different facial patterns, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), with the aim of identifying possible anatomical differences that may influence TAD placement.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study analyzed 90 CBCT scans obtained between 2022 and 2025 from patients aged 18 to 45 years. The sample was evenly divided into three groups according to facial pattern (30 mesofacial, 30 brachyfacial, and 30 dolichofacial), with equal distribution between sexes and comparable ages. Linear measurements of palatal bone thickness were performed at multiple anteroposterior and lateral reference points using the 3D Slicer 5.8.1 software. Intergroup comparison was performed with Kruskal-Wallis test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A progressive decrease in palatal bone thickness was observed from anterior to posterior regions across all facial types. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups at any measured location (<em>P</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results suggest that facial pattern does not significantly influence palatal bone thickness in the evaluated regions. Therefore, clinical decisions regarding TAD placement should prioritize individual anatomical characteristics over facial patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does resin removal with different burs after orthodontic debonding influence hydrogen peroxide diffusion, bleaching efficacy, and enamel alterations during tooth bleaching? An in-vitro study","authors":"Byron Carpio-Salvatierra ,&nbsp;Mayra Alejandra Nuñez Aldaz ,&nbsp;Deisy Cristina Ferreira Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Michael Willian Favoreto ,&nbsp;Maria José Burbano-Balseca ,&nbsp;Paulo Vitor Farago ,&nbsp;Alessandro D. Loguercio","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the influence of different burs for residual resin removal after orthodontic debonding on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration into the pulp chamber, bleaching efficacy and physical changes on the enamel surface following in-office tooth bleaching.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sixty premolars subjected to bracket installation and debonding were randomized into five groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->12): no bleaching (control), only bleaching, Carbide bur<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->bleaching (CB), Diamond FF bur<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->bleaching (DB) and Zirconia bur<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->bleaching (ZB). All groups, except the control, received bleaching (H₂O₂ 35%). The H₂O₂ concentration (μg/mL) in the pulp chamber was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Bleaching efficacy was assessed by a digital spectrophotometer (ΔE_ab, ΔE₀₀, and WI_D) before and after 7 days of bleaching. Enamel surface alterations were analysed by FE-SEM. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The groups submitted to resin removal with CB and ZB post-orthodontic debonding showed a lower H₂O₂ concentration when compared to the Only Bleaching group after bleaching procedure (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.02). No significant differences were observed in bleaching efficacy between groups submitted to different burs when compared to the Only bleaching group (<em>P</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.05) across evaluated parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of CB and ZB burs to remove residual resin post-orthodontic debonding results in lower H₂O₂ concentration. However, bleaching efficacy was unaffected by bur type. Notably, ZB burs provided superior enamel surface preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}