Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101087
Hyeon Gi Hong , Hieu Nguyen , Amani Alkhamees , Kee-Joon Lee
Compromised periodontal conditions pose challenges in orthodontic treatment. In particular, maxillomandibular skeletal discrepancies may require large-scale tooth movement, making it essential to avoid round-tripping movements to minimize dental and periodontal side effects. This case report describes a 49-year-old male patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and severe alveolar bone loss, particularly affecting the anterior teeth, who sought non-surgical treatment with aesthetic lingual orthodontic appliances. A comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan were formulated to establish a flat occlusal plane and Class I molar relationship while minimizing round-tripping of the anterior segment. Segmental distalization of mandibular molars, followed by intrusion of the mandibular incisors, was performed with the aid of miniscrews to achieve normal occlusion and an improved facial profile without further alveolar bone loss. This case report highlights the use of segmental archwires and an orthodontic force system based on the centre of resistance to preserve periodontal support in a middle-aged patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and severe alveolar bone loss.
{"title":"Non-surgical treatment of adult skeletal class III patient with severe alveolar bone loss by sequential segmental displacement and third molar extraction: A case report","authors":"Hyeon Gi Hong , Hieu Nguyen , Amani Alkhamees , Kee-Joon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compromised periodontal conditions pose challenges in orthodontic treatment. In particular, maxillomandibular skeletal discrepancies may require large-scale tooth movement, making it essential to avoid round-tripping movements to minimize dental and periodontal side effects. This case report describes a 49-year-old male patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and severe alveolar bone loss, particularly affecting the anterior teeth, who sought non-surgical treatment with aesthetic lingual orthodontic appliances. A comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan were formulated to establish a flat occlusal plane and Class I molar relationship while minimizing round-tripping of the anterior segment. Segmental distalization of mandibular molars, followed by intrusion of the mandibular incisors, was performed with the aid of miniscrews to achieve normal occlusion and an improved facial profile without further alveolar bone loss. This case report highlights the use of segmental archwires and an orthodontic force system based on the centre of resistance to preserve periodontal support in a middle-aged patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and severe alveolar bone loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101092
Sayed Abdul Hadhi, Monis Raza, Achint Juneja, Stuti Mohan
Objective
To evaluate the load–deflection characteristics of Damon™ Ultima (0.014 × 0.0275“) wires compared with heat-activated nickel–titanium (HANT, 0.014 × 0.025”) wires across different passive self-ligating brackets (PSLBs).
Material and methods
One hundred eight bracket–wire assemblies were allocated into six groups based on three PSLB systems (Damon™ Ultima, Damon™ Q, Unitek™ Gemini SL) and two wire types. A modified ISO 15841 three-point bending test was performed at 37 ̊C using an Instron machine, with deflections recorded at 0.5 mm steps from 3.0 to 0.5 mm. A supplementary wet-after-thermocycling protocol (5000 cycles; artificial saliva) assessed ecological validity. Statistical analysis (SPSS v23) included t-tests, one-way ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis tests, and effect-size estimation (Cohen's d, Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals; multiple comparisons were adjusted using the Holm–Bonferroni method.
Results
Damon™ Ultima wires produced significantly lower deactivation forces than HANT wires across PSLBs at 1.0- and 1.5-mm deflections (P < 0.001). Activation differences were bracket-dependent, with significant reductions observed mainly in Damon™ Ultima brackets. Wet-after-thermocycling reduced deactivation forces by 23–37% at 1.0–1.5 mm, with large paired effect sizes (Hedges’g ≈–1.5 to–1.9). Force delivery remained light and consistent despite the larger 0.0275″ cross-section.
Conclusion
Within the limits of this bench study, Damon™ Ultima wires exhibited lower unloading forces at clinically relevant deflections across PSLBs, potentially facilitating earlier bracket engagement and rotational efficiency. However, rotational control was not directly measured, and clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings.
{"title":"Load–deflection characteristics of Damon™ Ultima vs heat-activated NiTi wires in passive self-ligating brackets: An in-vitro experimental study","authors":"Sayed Abdul Hadhi, Monis Raza, Achint Juneja, Stuti Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the load–deflection characteristics of Damon™ Ultima (0.014<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->0.0275“) wires compared with heat-activated nickel–titanium (HANT, 0.014<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->0.025”) wires across different passive self-ligating brackets (PSLBs).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>One hundred eight bracket–wire assemblies were allocated into six groups based on three PSLB systems (Damon™ Ultima, Damon™ Q, Unitek™ Gemini SL) and two wire types. A modified ISO 15841 three-point bending test was performed at 37<!--> <!-->̊C using an Instron machine, with deflections recorded at 0.5<!--> <!-->mm steps from 3.0 to 0.5<!--> <!-->mm. A supplementary wet-after-thermocycling protocol (5000 cycles; artificial saliva) assessed ecological validity. Statistical analysis (SPSS v23) included <em>t</em>-tests, one-way ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis tests, and effect-size estimation (Cohen's <em>d</em>, Hedges’ <em>g</em>) with 95% confidence intervals; multiple comparisons were adjusted using the Holm–Bonferroni method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Damon™ Ultima wires produced significantly lower deactivation forces than HANT wires across PSLBs at 1.0- and 1.5-mm deflections (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Activation differences were bracket-dependent, with significant reductions observed mainly in Damon™ Ultima brackets. Wet-after-thermocycling reduced deactivation forces by 23–37% at 1.0–1.5<!--> <!-->mm, with large paired effect sizes (Hedges’g ≈–1.5 to–1.9). Force delivery remained light and consistent despite the larger 0.0275″ cross-section.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Within the limits of this bench study, Damon™ Ultima wires exhibited lower unloading forces at clinically relevant deflections across PSLBs, potentially facilitating earlier bracket engagement and rotational efficiency. However, rotational control was not directly measured, and clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101089
Claire-Adeline Dantagnan , Maureen Boudrot , Julia Bosco , Gauthier Dot , Ali Nassif , Philippe François , Jean-Pierre Attal
Objective
Universal adhesives (UAs), introduced in 2011, are well established in restorative dentistry but remain relatively unexplored in orthodontics, where their capacity to bond to enamel and multiple restorative materials could simplify bonding protocols and reduce the need for primers. This systematic review evaluated the bond strength of UA for orthodontic applications — including bracket bonding, fixed retainers, and bonding to restorative surfaces — compared with conventional adhesives.
Search methods
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by Google Scholar and reference lists. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD420250654277). The search covered 2011 to 1 December 2024. Eligible studies were in vitro, in vivo, or clinical studies in English assessing UA for orthodontic bonding. Exclusion criteria were case reports, reviews, abstracts, theses, and non-orthodontic applications. Risk of bias was assessed with QUIN tool (in vitro) and RoB-2 (clinical).
Results
Of 401 records, 323 remained after removing duplicates; 248 were excluded at title/abstract and 38 at full text, leaving 37 studies (36 in vitro; 1 with an in vitro and clinical component). Seven orthodontic applications were investigated. UA generally provided sufficient bond strength, except on some metal restorations. On enamel, phosphoric-acid etching for 15 s improved adhesion. On ceramics, hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) or sandblasting enhanced performance. For polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and composite restorations, bur roughening or sandblasting improved results.
Conclusions
UAs may simplify orthodontic bonding across enamel and restorative surfaces without separate primers, but more clinical studies are needed.
目的：通用粘接剂（UAs）于2011年推出，在修复牙科中已经很好地建立了，但在正畸学中仍然相对未被探索，在正畸学中，它们与牙釉质和多种修复材料的粘合能力可以简化粘合方案并减少对引物的需求。本系统综述评估了与传统黏合剂相比，UA在正畸应用中的粘接强度，包括托槽粘接、固定固位器和与修复体表面的粘接。检索方法：检索PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane Library，并辅以谷歌Scholar和参考文献列表。协议在PROSPERO中注册（ID: CRD420250654277）。搜索范围从2011年到2024年12月1日。符合条件的研究是体外、体内或临床研究，用英语评估UA对正畸结合的影响。排除标准为病例报告、综述、摘要、论文和非正畸应用。采用QUIN工具（体外）和rob2（临床）评估偏倚风险。结果：401条记录中，去除重复后保留323条；248项在标题/摘要中被排除，38项在全文中被排除，剩下37项研究（36项体外研究，1项体外和临床成分）。调查了7例正畸应用。除了一些金属修复体外，UA通常提供足够的结合强度。在搪瓷上，磷酸蚀刻15s可改善附着力。在陶瓷上，氢氟酸蚀刻（HF）或喷砂增强了性能。对于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和复合修复体，粗化或喷砂改善了结果。结论：UAs可以简化牙釉质与修复体表面的正畸结合，无需单独的引物，但需要更多的临床研究。
{"title":"Effectiveness of universal adhesives for orthodontic bonding to enamel and restorative materials: A systematic review","authors":"Claire-Adeline Dantagnan , Maureen Boudrot , Julia Bosco , Gauthier Dot , Ali Nassif , Philippe François , Jean-Pierre Attal","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Universal adhesives (UAs), introduced in 2011, are well established in restorative dentistry but remain relatively unexplored in orthodontics, where their capacity to bond to enamel and multiple restorative materials could simplify bonding protocols and reduce the need for primers. This systematic review evaluated the bond strength of UA for orthodontic applications — including bracket bonding, fixed retainers, and bonding to restorative surfaces — compared with conventional adhesives.</div></div><div><h3>Search methods</h3><div>Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by Google Scholar and reference lists. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD420250654277). The search covered 2011 to 1 December 2024. Eligible studies were in vitro, in vivo, or clinical studies in English assessing UA for orthodontic bonding. Exclusion criteria were case reports, reviews, abstracts, theses, and non-orthodontic applications. Risk of bias was assessed with QUIN tool (in vitro) and RoB-2 (clinical).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 401 records, 323 remained after removing duplicates; 248 were excluded at title/abstract and 38 at full text, leaving 37 studies (36 in vitro; 1 with an in vitro and clinical component). Seven orthodontic applications were investigated. UA generally provided sufficient bond strength, except on some metal restorations. On enamel, phosphoric-acid etching for 15<!--> <!-->s improved adhesion. On ceramics, hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) or sandblasting enhanced performance. For polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and composite restorations, bur roughening or sandblasting improved results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>UAs may simplify orthodontic bonding across enamel and restorative surfaces without separate primers, but more clinical studies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101085
Talia Vanesa Carrasco Cisneros , Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata , Mauricio Aguirre Balseca , Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas , Eduardo Miranda
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between maxillary atresia and mandibular deviation in young adults using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Material and methods
A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using 208 CBCT scans from 2022 to 2025, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria: 65 with maxillary atresia and 20 controls without maxillary atresia, matched for age and sex distribution. Maxillary atresia was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania transverse analysis, while mandibular deviation was measured as the displacement of the menton relative to the craniofacial midline. Additional assessments included occlusal relationships and craniometric evaluation of mandibular body, ramus, and condylar height. Data reliability was confirmed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.90). Non-parametric tests (chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation) were applied.
Results
Mandibular deviation ≥ 2 mm was observed in 84.62% of patients with maxillary atresia (mean 3.52 ± 1.73 mm) compared to 30% of controls (mean 1.92 ± 0.79 mm), with a significant difference. Patients with atresia also showed greater variability in deviation severity and a predominance of left-side deviation (58.91%). Unilateral crossbite was significantly associated with greater mandibular deviation and maxillary constriction. Comparisons of skeletal dimensions revealed that condylar and ramus asymmetries were more pronounced in the atresia group than in controls. However, the correlation between the degree of maxillary constriction and mandibular deviation was weak and not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Maxillary atresia was strongly associated with the presence of mandibular deviation, occlusal asymmetry, and vertical skeletal imbalance, although the magnitude of constriction did not directly predict the degree of deviation. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of maxillary atresia to reduce the risk of mandibular asymmetry and associated skeletal discrepancies.
{"title":"Relationship between maxillary atresia and mandibular deviation in young adults: A retrospective CBCT study","authors":"Talia Vanesa Carrasco Cisneros , Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata , Mauricio Aguirre Balseca , Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas , Eduardo Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between maxillary atresia and mandibular deviation in young adults using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using 208 CBCT scans from 2022 to 2025, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria: 65 with maxillary atresia and 20 controls without maxillary atresia, matched for age and sex distribution. Maxillary atresia was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania transverse analysis, while mandibular deviation was measured as the displacement of the menton relative to the craniofacial midline. Additional assessments included occlusal relationships and craniometric evaluation of mandibular body, ramus, and condylar height. Data reliability was confirmed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.90). Non-parametric tests (chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation) were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mandibular deviation<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->mm was observed in 84.62% of patients with maxillary atresia (mean 3.52<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.73<!--> <!-->mm) compared to 30% of controls (mean 1.92<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.79<!--> <!-->mm), with a significant difference. Patients with atresia also showed greater variability in deviation severity and a predominance of left-side deviation (58.91%). Unilateral crossbite was significantly associated with greater mandibular deviation and maxillary constriction. Comparisons of skeletal dimensions revealed that condylar and ramus asymmetries were more pronounced in the atresia group than in controls. However, the correlation between the degree of maxillary constriction and mandibular deviation was weak and not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maxillary atresia was strongly associated with the presence of mandibular deviation, occlusal asymmetry, and vertical skeletal imbalance, although the magnitude of constriction did not directly predict the degree of deviation. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of maxillary atresia to reduce the risk of mandibular asymmetry and associated skeletal discrepancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate mandibular retromolar bone availability across skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), considering crown- and root-level trajectories.
Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study analysed 120 CBCT scans (18–60 years; mean age 29.8 ± 9.8 years) obtained between 2022 and 2025 from an institutional database. From an initial pool of 465 scans, inclusion criteria comprised adults without third molars, alveolar bone loss, or craniofacial anomalies. Measurements were performed along two reference lines (cusp and sagittal) at four planes (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm). Statistical analyses included Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests (α = 0.05).
Results
Retromolar space decreased significantly from plane 0 to plane 6 in both reference lines, with consistently smaller and more variable values in the sagittal line (root level). Skeletal Class III patients exhibited the greatest mean space (6.9 mm), followed by Class I (5.3 mm) and Class II (3.8 mm). No significant differences were observed among facial biotypes. Males presented significantly larger values than females across nearly all planes.
Conclusions
Mandibular retromolar space is more restricted at the root level and varies according to skeletal Class and sex. Class II patients present the most limited space and therefore require the most cautious distalization planning. CBCT assessment is essential to guide individualized biomechanics and minimize the risk of root-cortical contact or iatrogenic complications.
{"title":"CBCT evaluation of mandibular retromolar space in adult patients according to skeletal Class and facial biotype: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Joffre Dario Pasmay Narvaez , Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata , Mauricio Aguirre Balseca , Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas , Daysi Cristina Galarza Maldonado","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate mandibular retromolar bone availability across skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), considering crown- and root-level trajectories.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study analysed 120 CBCT scans (18–60 years; mean age 29.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->9.8 years) obtained between 2022 and 2025 from an institutional database. From an initial pool of 465 scans, inclusion criteria comprised adults without third molars, alveolar bone loss, or craniofacial anomalies. Measurements were performed along two reference lines (cusp and sagittal) at four planes (0, 2, 4, and 6<!--> <!-->mm). Statistical analyses included Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests (α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Retromolar space decreased significantly from plane 0 to plane 6 in both reference lines, with consistently smaller and more variable values in the sagittal line (root level). Skeletal Class III patients exhibited the greatest mean space (6.9<!--> <!-->mm), followed by Class I (5.3<!--> <!-->mm) and Class II (3.8<!--> <!-->mm). No significant differences were observed among facial biotypes. Males presented significantly larger values than females across nearly all planes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mandibular retromolar space is more restricted at the root level and varies according to skeletal Class and sex. Class II patients present the most limited space and therefore require the most cautious distalization planning. CBCT assessment is essential to guide individualized biomechanics and minimize the risk of root-cortical contact or iatrogenic complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this systematic review was to analyse and compare the effectiveness of clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FAs) in orthodontic movement of the anterior teeth (OMAT) in adults.
Methods
A systematic search of studies comparing CAs and FAs in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted and covered publications up to September 2024. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were eligible. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's tools for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and for non-RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool assessed the quality of evidence.
Results
Twelve studies were included. Two RCTs presented a low risk of bias, and a moderate risk of bias was found in 10 non-RCTs. The FAs showed superior buccolingual crown translation in 2 studies, while 2 favored CAs, and 2 found no significant differences. Mesiodistal translation was reported to be equal between FAs and CAs in 2 studies. Study results regarding extrusion movements were inconsistent, with 3 studies favouring CAs, and 2 studies FAs, while intrusion was equally effective, with 1 study favouring each. Tipping movements showed mixed results, with 1 study favouring each respective treatment and 2 reporting no significant differences. Torque control was better with FAs in 1 study, while 1 study reported no significant difference.
Conclusion
This review shows that the efficacy of vertical OMAT was inconsistent, while FAs appear to offer superior rotation and torque control, based on limited evidence from a small number of studies.
本系统综述的目的是分析和比较透明矫正器（CAs）和固定矫治器（FAs）在成人前牙正畸运动（OMAT）中的有效性。方法系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Science Direct、Web of Science、Scopus、b谷歌Scholar等数据库中比较CAs和FAs的研究，检索截止到2024年9月的出版物。随机和非随机临床试验均符合条件。使用Cochrane随机对照试验（rct）和非rct工具进行偏倚风险评估。推荐、评估、发展和评价分级（GRADE）工具评估证据的质量。结果共纳入12项研究。两项随机对照试验存在低偏倚风险，10项非随机对照试验存在中等偏倚风险。2项研究中FAs表现出较好的舌冠翻译，2项研究中ca表现出较好的冠翻译，2项研究无显著差异。据报道，在2项研究中，FAs和CAs的中远端翻译是相等的。关于挤压运动的研究结果不一致，有3项研究支持CAs， 2项研究支持FAs，而侵入同样有效，各有1项研究支持。给小费的动作显示出不同的结果，有一项研究支持每一种处理方式，有两项研究报告没有显著差异。1项研究中FAs患者的转矩控制较好，另1项研究无显著差异。本综述显示，基于少量研究的有限证据，垂直OMAT的疗效不一致，而FAs似乎提供了更好的旋转和扭矩控制。
{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of clear aligners and fixed appliances in orthodontic movement of the anterior teeth in adults: A systematic review","authors":"Pascal Ubuzima , Eugene Nshimiyimana , Dimitrios Michelogiannakis , Christelle Mukeshimana , Patrick Mazimpaka , Janvier Habumugisha , Hakan Turkkahraman , Hiroshi Kamioka","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The aim of this systematic review was to analyse and compare the effectiveness of clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FAs) in orthodontic movement of the anterior teeth (OMAT) in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of studies comparing CAs and FAs in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted and covered publications up to September 2024. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were eligible. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's tools for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and for non-RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool assessed the quality of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve studies were included. Two RCTs presented a low risk of bias, and a moderate risk of bias was found in 10 non-RCTs. The FAs showed superior buccolingual crown translation in 2 studies, while 2 favored CAs, and 2 found no significant differences. Mesiodistal translation was reported to be equal between FAs and CAs in 2 studies. Study results regarding extrusion movements were inconsistent, with 3 studies favouring CAs, and 2 studies FAs, while intrusion was equally effective, with 1 study favouring each. Tipping movements showed mixed results, with 1 study favouring each respective treatment and 2 reporting no significant differences. Torque control was better with FAs in 1 study, while 1 study reported no significant difference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review shows that the efficacy of vertical OMAT was inconsistent, while FAs appear to offer superior rotation and torque control, based on limited evidence from a small number of studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101082
Jian Liu , Si Liu , Jiyan Wang , Guangning Long , Zhiqiang Ouyang , Jun Guo , Fen Liu , Jianyong Wu , Fei Tong
Background
The Magnetic Treatment System Combined with Miniscrews (MTSCM) is a novel orthodontic appliance designed to deliver continuous and stable forces for tooth movement while enhancing alveolar bone remodelling. This study evaluated the efficacy and biological effects of MTSCM compared with conventional NiTi spring in a Beagle dog model.
Methods
Twelve Beagle dogs underwent extraction of the mandibular first and second premolars and truncation of the ipsilateral maxillary canine crowns. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: MTSCM group (M group), conventional NiTi spring group (N group), and control group. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before and after force application to assess tooth movement. Bone remodelling was evaluated by tetracycline double fluorescence labelling, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.
Results
The MTSCM generated stable forces ranging from 60 to 160 g. Both M and N groups showed significant reductions in the distance between the mandibular third premolar and canine compared to the control group (P < 0.001), with greater displacement and less inclination in the M group. Bone mineral deposition rates and osteoblast counts were significantly higher in the M group than in the N group (P < 0.001), indicating enhanced bone formation. Osteoclast counts were also elevated in both experimental groups, with the M group showing more TRAP-positive cells than the N group (P < 0.01), suggesting intensified bone remodelling under magnetic stimulation.
Conclusions
MTSCM promotes efficient, controlled tooth movement and enhances bone remodelling, suggesting promising clinical applications in orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"Comparison of a magnetic treatment system combined with miniscrews and a conventional NiTi spring for tooth movement and bone formation: A Beagle model study","authors":"Jian Liu , Si Liu , Jiyan Wang , Guangning Long , Zhiqiang Ouyang , Jun Guo , Fen Liu , Jianyong Wu , Fei Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Magnetic Treatment System Combined with Miniscrews (MTSCM) is a novel orthodontic appliance designed to deliver continuous and stable forces for tooth movement while enhancing alveolar bone remodelling. This study evaluated the efficacy and biological effects of MTSCM compared with conventional NiTi spring in a Beagle dog model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve Beagle dogs underwent extraction of the mandibular first and second premolars and truncation of the ipsilateral maxillary canine crowns. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: MTSCM group (M group), conventional NiTi spring group (N group), and control group. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before and after force application to assess tooth movement. Bone remodelling was evaluated by tetracycline double fluorescence labelling, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MTSCM generated stable forces ranging from 60 to 160<!--> <!-->g. Both M and N groups showed significant reductions in the distance between the mandibular third premolar and canine compared to the control group (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), with greater displacement and less inclination in the M group. Bone mineral deposition rates and osteoblast counts were significantly higher in the M group than in the N group (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), indicating enhanced bone formation. Osteoclast counts were also elevated in both experimental groups, with the M group showing more TRAP-positive cells than the N group (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), suggesting intensified bone remodelling under magnetic stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MTSCM promotes efficient, controlled tooth movement and enhances bone remodelling, suggesting promising clinical applications in orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101079
Mohammad Moslem Imani , Arya Imani , Sattar Akbari , Masoud Sadeghi , Annette B. Brühl , Serge Brand
Background and objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), marked by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, poses significant risks due to its association with cardiovascular diseases. This study systematically analyzed the link between circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels and OSA, highlighting its role as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction and its potential connection to cardiovascular disease.
Material and methods
The databases searched for the meta-analysis included PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to March 22, 2025. Effect sizes were calculated using the standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and advanced statistical techniques such as subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were employed to ensure the robustness of findings. Additional assessments included publication bias tests and trial sequential analysis to confirm adequate sample size and reliability.
Results
Of 406 identified records, 19 articles (28 studies) met inclusion criteria, revealing significantly higher VCAM-1 levels in OSA patients (SMD = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.45–2.35; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses consistently showed elevated VCAM-1 level, with variations across ethnicity and OSA severity, while sensitivity analysis confirmed robustness despite high heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). Publication bias and trial sequential analysis highlighted reliability but emphasized cautious interpretation of results.
Conclusions
VCAM-1 shows potential as a biomarker for OSA, indicating systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction linked to cardiovascular risks. Its utility in early detection and treatment development is promising, but further research is needed to validate findings across populations and explore its connection to OSA-related comorbidities for innovative therapies.
背景和目的：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA），以睡眠期间反复出现的上气道阻塞为特征，因其与心血管疾病相关而具有重大风险。本研究系统分析了循环血管细胞粘附分子-1 （VCAM-1）水平与OSA之间的联系，强调了其作为内皮功能障碍的生物标志物的作用及其与心血管疾病的潜在联系。材料与方法：meta分析检索的数据库包括PubMed/Medline、Scopus、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI，检索截止日期为2025年3月22日。使用95%置信区间（ci）的标准平均差（SMD）计算效应量，并采用亚组、元回归和敏感性分析等先进统计技术来确保结果的稳健性。其他评估包括发表偏倚检验和试验顺序分析，以确认足够的样本量和可靠性。结果：在406篇文献中，有19篇（28项研究）符合纳入标准，显示OSA患者的VCAM-1水平显著升高（SMD=1.90, 95% CI: 1.45-2.35; P2=94%）。发表偏倚和试验序列分析强调可靠性，但强调对结果的谨慎解释。结论：VCAM-1有可能作为OSA的生物标志物，表明全身性炎症和内皮功能障碍与心血管风险相关。它在早期检测和治疗开发中的应用是有希望的，但需要进一步的研究来验证人群的发现，并探索其与osa相关合并症的联系，以进行创新治疗。
{"title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis on association of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels in obstructive sleep apnea adults: A possible link between cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Mohammad Moslem Imani , Arya Imani , Sattar Akbari , Masoud Sadeghi , Annette B. Brühl , Serge Brand","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), marked by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, poses significant risks due to its association with cardiovascular diseases. This study systematically analyzed the link between circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels and OSA, highlighting its role as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction and its potential connection to cardiovascular disease.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The databases searched for the meta-analysis included PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to March 22, 2025. Effect sizes were calculated using the standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and advanced statistical techniques such as subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were employed to ensure the robustness of findings. Additional assessments included publication bias tests and trial sequential analysis to confirm adequate sample size and reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 406 identified records, 19 articles (28 studies) met inclusion criteria, revealing significantly higher VCAM-1 levels in OSA patients (SMD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.90, 95% CI: 1.45–2.35; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.00001). Subgroup analyses consistently showed elevated VCAM-1 level, with variations across ethnicity and OSA severity, while sensitivity analysis confirmed robustness despite high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->94%). Publication bias and trial sequential analysis highlighted reliability but emphasized cautious interpretation of results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VCAM-1 shows potential as a biomarker for OSA, indicating systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction linked to cardiovascular risks. Its utility in early detection and treatment development is promising, but further research is needed to validate findings across populations and explore its connection to OSA-related comorbidities for innovative therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The automated segmentation of maxillary and mandibular bones in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining the standards of digital dentistry and orthodontics, with applications in mini-implant placement, dental implantology, orthognathic surgery, and bone graft planning.
Objective
To systematically assess the performance of AI models – particularly U-Net-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) – for automated segmentation of maxillary bone structures in CBCT, following the PICOS model (Population – CBCT scans of human maxillae; Intervention – AI-based segmentation; Comparator – manual segmentation; Outcome – accuracy; Study design – diagnostic accuracy studies).
Material and methods
This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024592182). Eligibility criteria included studies applying AI to maxillary bone segmentation in CBCT and reporting quantitative accuracy metrics. Risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The GRADE tool for formulating and grading recommendations in clinical practice was also employed. Data collected comprised number of CBCT scans, AI model architecture, evaluation metrics, and reported clinical applications.
Results
Thirty-one studies, analysing 11,432 CBCT scans, met the inclusion criteria. AI models consistently achieved high segmentation accuracy, with Dice similarity coefficients frequently exceeding 0.98, while substantially reducing processing time compared to manual segmentation. Applications ranged from implant planning and orthognathic surgery to digital orthodontics. Persistent challenges included anatomical variability, imaging artifacts, and the limited availability of high-quality annotated datasets.
Conclusions
AI-based segmentation of maxillary and mandibular bones in CBCT demonstrates promising accuracy and efficiency compared with manual techniques. Nevertheless, the certainty of evidence is limited by retrospective designs and small, heterogeneous samples. Large-scale, prospective multicentre studies with standardized evaluation are needed before these methods can be reliably adopted in routine clinical practice.
{"title":"Effectiveness of automated segmentation of maxillofacial structures in cone-beam computed tomography images using artificial intelligence: A systematic review","authors":"Alin M. Iacob , Alessio Verdecchia , Yolanda García-Mesa , Enrico Spinas , Teresa Cobo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The automated segmentation of maxillary and mandibular bones in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining the standards of digital dentistry and orthodontics, with applications in mini-implant placement, dental implantology, orthognathic surgery, and bone graft planning.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically assess the performance of AI models – particularly U-Net-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) – for automated segmentation of maxillary bone structures in CBCT, following the PICOS model (Population – CBCT scans of human maxillae; Intervention – AI-based segmentation; Comparator – manual segmentation; Outcome – accuracy; Study design – diagnostic accuracy studies).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024592182). Eligibility criteria included studies applying AI to maxillary bone segmentation in CBCT and reporting quantitative accuracy metrics. Risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The GRADE tool for formulating and grading recommendations in clinical practice was also employed. Data collected comprised number of CBCT scans, AI model architecture, evaluation metrics, and reported clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one studies, analysing 11,432 CBCT scans, met the inclusion criteria. AI models consistently achieved high segmentation accuracy, with Dice similarity coefficients frequently exceeding 0.98, while substantially reducing processing time compared to manual segmentation. Applications ranged from implant planning and orthognathic surgery to digital orthodontics. Persistent challenges included anatomical variability, imaging artifacts, and the limited availability of high-quality annotated datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI-based segmentation of maxillary and mandibular bones in CBCT demonstrates promising accuracy and efficiency compared with manual techniques. Nevertheless, the certainty of evidence is limited by retrospective designs and small, heterogeneous samples. Large-scale, prospective multicentre studies with standardized evaluation are needed before these methods can be reliably adopted in routine clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101066
Amir Attique , Muhammad Hasnain Sakrani BDS, FCPS , Sadaf Siddiqui BDS, FCPS , Ambreen Javed , Sundus Munir , Zartash Shaukat , Umar Hussain BDS, FCPS, MS(Biostat) , Ahsan Mahmood Shah BDS, FCPS, MOrth, FFD, MHPE,MHR , Nikolaos Pandis
Background
Shorter orthodontic treatment duration can minimize adverse effects. There is a lack of literature comparing McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi (MBT™) and Roth® prescriptions on canine retraction rate.
Objective
To compare the rate of maxillary canine retraction between MBT™ and Roth® bracket prescriptions.
Material and methods
A split-mouth prospective clinical trial was conducted on 40 orthodontic patients over three months, requiring maxillary first premolar extractions. One side was bonded with MBT™ brackets and the contralateral side with Roth brackets. Leveling and alignment were completed with 0.017″ × 0.025″ stainless steel archwire. Canine retraction was initiated using sliding mechanics with nickel-titanium coil springs. Measurements were taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.
Results
Mean age was 20.1(2.9) years, and 57.5% were female. MBT™ brackets demonstrated a significantly higher rate of canine retraction than Roth brackets. The mean differences in retraction rates at one, two, and three months were 0.2 mm, 0.13 mm, and 0.13 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). The total canine movement over three months was also significantly greater in the MBT™ group (mean difference: 0.45 mm/month [95%CI: 0.32, 0.59]). On average, the rate of canine movement, after adjusting for time, was 0.16 mm/month lower in Roth® compared to MBT™ (95% CI: −0.19, −0.12, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
MBT™ brackets facilitate a higher rate of canine retraction compared to Roth® brackets. MBT™ can used in cases requiring faster canine movement, while Roth® brackets may benefit from additional adjuncts to improve efficiency.
背景：缩短正畸治疗时间可以减少不良反应。比较McLaughlin， Bennett, and Trevisi （MBT™）和Roth®处方对犬缩回率的影响缺乏文献。目的：比较MBT™和Roth®支托架处方的上颌犬齿后缩率。材料与方法：对40例需要拔除上颌第一前磨牙的正畸患者进行为期3个月的裂口前瞻性临床试验。一侧用MBT™托槽粘接，对侧用Roth托槽粘接。用0.017″×0.025″不锈钢拱丝完成调平和对准。犬齿的收放是由镍钛线圈弹簧的滑动力学开始的。分别于4周、8周和12周进行测量。数据分析采用线性混合模型。结果：平均年龄20.1（2.9）岁，女性占57.5%。MBT™托槽比Roth托槽显示出更高的犬齿后缩率。在1个月、2个月和3个月时，拔牙率的平均差异分别为0.2mm、0.13mm和0.13mm (PConclusion：与Roth®托槽相比，MBT™托槽的拔牙率更高。MBT™可以在需要更快的犬类运动的情况下使用，而Roth®支架可以从额外的附件中受益，以提高效率。
{"title":"Comparison of maxillary canine retraction using MBT™ versus Roth®. Prescriptions in young adult orthodontic patients: A split-mouth prospective clinical trial","authors":"Amir Attique , Muhammad Hasnain Sakrani BDS, FCPS , Sadaf Siddiqui BDS, FCPS , Ambreen Javed , Sundus Munir , Zartash Shaukat , Umar Hussain BDS, FCPS, MS(Biostat) , Ahsan Mahmood Shah BDS, FCPS, MOrth, FFD, MHPE,MHR , Nikolaos Pandis","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Shorter orthodontic treatment duration can minimize adverse effects. There is a lack of literature comparing McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi (MBT™) and Roth® prescriptions on canine retraction rate.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the rate of maxillary canine retraction between MBT™ and Roth® bracket prescriptions.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A split-mouth prospective clinical trial was conducted on 40 orthodontic patients over three months, requiring maxillary first premolar extractions. One side was bonded with MBT™ brackets and the contralateral side with Roth brackets. Leveling and alignment were completed with 0.017″<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->0.025″ stainless steel archwire. Canine retraction was initiated using sliding mechanics with nickel-titanium coil springs. Measurements were taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age was 20.1(2.9) years, and 57.5% were female. MBT™ brackets demonstrated a significantly higher rate of canine retraction than Roth brackets. The mean differences in retraction rates at one, two, and three months were 0.2<!--> <!-->mm, 0.13<!--> <!-->mm, and 0.13<!--> <!-->mm, respectively (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The total canine movement over three months was also significantly greater in the MBT™ group (mean difference: 0.45<!--> <!-->mm/month [95%CI: 0.32, 0.59]). On average, the rate of canine movement, after adjusting for time, was 0.16<!--> <!-->mm/month lower in Roth® compared to MBT™ (95% CI: −0.19, −0.12, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MBT™ brackets facilitate a higher rate of canine retraction compared to Roth® brackets. MBT™ can used in cases requiring faster canine movement, while Roth® brackets may benefit from additional adjuncts to improve efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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