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Higher education, post-conflict democratization and the legacies of authoritarian rule: The Tripoli University Programme for Rebuilding Libya 高等教育,冲突后的民主化和独裁统治的遗产:的黎波里大学重建利比亚计划
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920981365
Sansom Milton
In this paper, the role of higher education in post-uprising Libya is analysed in terms of its relationship with transitional processes of democratization and civic development. It begins by contextualising the Libyan uprising within the optimism of the ‘Arab Spring’ transitions in the Middle East. Following this, the relationship between higher education and politics under the Qadhafi regime and in the immediate aftermath of its overthrow is discussed. A case-study of a programme designed to support Tripoli University in contributing towards democratisation will then be presented. The findings of the case-study will be reflected upon to offer a set of recommendations for international actors engaging in political and civic education in conflict-affected settings, in particular in the Middle East.
本文从高等教育与民主化过渡进程和公民发展的关系入手,分析了高等教育在起义后利比亚的作用。它首先将利比亚起义置于中东“阿拉伯之春”过渡的乐观情绪中。在此之后,讨论了卡扎菲政权及其被推翻后的高等教育与政治之间的关系。随后将介绍一个旨在支持的黎波里大学为民主化做出贡献的项目的案例研究。案例研究的结果将得到反映,为在受冲突影响的环境中,特别是在中东从事政治和公民教育的国际行为者提供一系列建议。
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引用次数: 2
Building tolerance through human rights education: The missing link 通过人权教育建立宽容:缺失的一环
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920977291
Marlana Salmon-Letelier, S. Garnett Russell
Human rights education (HRE) is an emerging practice across formal and informal educational sectors worldwide. However, most literature and theory on HRE emphasize the importance of imparting knowledge about human rights. In this paper, we argue that increasing tolerance among students is a vital but understudied aspect of HRE. This paper is based on the results of a mixed methods longitudinal study conducted in three classrooms across two New York City public high schools. Our methods include a pre-/post- survey, classroom observations, and semi-structured individual and group interviews. The findings indicate that merely teaching about human rights issues is necessary but not sufficient to shift deeply embedded attitudes that contribute to the transformative nature of the human rights framework. We present tolerance as a necessary precursor to positive social change and sustainable human rights implementation.
人权教育是世界各地正规和非正规教育部门的一种新兴做法。然而,大多数关于人权教育的文献和理论都强调传授人权知识的重要性。在本文中,我们认为提高学生的宽容度是HRE的一个重要但研究不足的方面。本文基于在纽约市两所公立高中的三间教室进行的混合方法纵向研究的结果。我们的方法包括事前/事后调查、课堂观察以及半结构化的个人和小组访谈。调查结果表明,仅仅教授人权问题是必要的,但不足以改变根深蒂固的态度,这种态度有助于人权框架的变革性质。我们认为宽容是积极社会变革和可持续落实人权的必要前提。
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引用次数: 2
The democratic school experiences framework: A tool for the design and self-assessment of democratic experiences in formal education 民主学校经验框架:设计和自我评估正规教育民主经验的工具
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920971810
I. de Groot, Jane C. Lo
In many democratic societies, schools are expected to prepare their students for participation in democratic societies. (Self)assessment frameworks, designed by scholars and curriculum developers, support the development of school initiated democratic experiences. Existing frameworks, however, are not designed to capture the interplay between the practices organized, related educational activities, and the types of aims pursued in education programs. To address this void, this paper presents an eight-sectored framework that captures the multiplicity of democratic education and participation in schools.
在许多民主社会,人们期望学校为学生参与民主社会做好准备。(自我)评估框架,由学者和课程开发者设计,支持学校发起的民主经验的发展。然而,现有的框架并没有被设计用来捕捉有组织的实践、相关的教育活动和教育计划中追求的目标类型之间的相互作用。为了解决这一空白,本文提出了一个八个部门的框架,该框架捕捉了民主教育和学校参与的多样性。
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引用次数: 3
Experiencing service learning partnership: A human development perspective of community members 体验服务学习伙伴关系:社区成员的人类发展视角
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920971808
Ntimi N. Mtawa, S. Fongwa
Service–learning has, arguably, gained significant currency as a pedagogical and engagement mechanism within the broader discourse of universities and their role in community development. However, less emphasis has been placed on the human development dimensions of service–learning for community members, with the focus largely being on students’ experiential learning and other academic outcomes for the university. Though usually conceived as an integral part in university–community partnerships, community members’ role in the conception and implementation of service–learning initiatives is from a peripheral position. In this paper, we interrogate this lacuna by applying core tenets of the human development approach to document the experiences and perceptions of community members within a university–community service learning partnerships. From the analysis of qualitative data n = 22, we demonstrate that while service–learning enhances agency, it continues to operate within a historical context and contemporary political economy of South Africa, which obscure community members’ active participation and empowerment towards inclusive and sustainable valued outcomes.
可以说,在大学及其在社区发展中的作用的更广泛讨论中,服务学习作为一种教学和参与机制已经获得了重要的影响力。然而,对社区成员服务学习的人类发展层面的重视程度较低,主要关注学生的体验式学习和大学的其他学术成果。尽管通常被认为是大学-社区伙伴关系的一个组成部分,但社区成员在服务-学习倡议的概念和实施中的作用处于次要地位。在本文中,我们通过应用人类发展方法的核心原则来记录大学-社区服务学习伙伴关系中社区成员的经验和看法,来质疑这一缺陷。根据定性数据的分析 = 22,我们证明,虽然服务-学习增强了能动性,但它仍在南非的历史背景和当代政治经济中运作,这掩盖了社区成员对包容性和可持续价值成果的积极参与和赋权。
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引用次数: 3
The official discourse of social justice in citizenship education: A comparison between Japan and China 公民教育中社会正义的官方话语:中日比较
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920971811
Sicong Chen
Against the contemporary background of international and national commitments to citizenship education for social justice, this paper examines and compares the subject, aim and extent of social justice in citizenship education behind official rhetorics in Japan and China. It develops a three-dimensional framework of social justice to analyse, through mixed methods of text analysis, a set of selected authoritative documents, including official policies, national curriculum guidelines and government-authorized textbooks. The results reveal discursive divergences and convergences between the Japanese and Chinese cases. Social justice in the Japanese discourse tends to be constructed as recognitive injustice eliminable through identical treatment towards one another by individuals. By contrast, social justice in the Chinese discourse tends to be constructed as distributive justice achievable through differential treatment by the party-state. Common to the two cases is that both pay scant attention to collective actions for and the global bearing of social justice. The paper argues that the two cases similarly stop short of promoting comprehensive, transformative and global social justice education.
在国际和国家致力于公民教育以实现社会正义的当代背景下,本文考察并比较了日本和中国官方修辞背后的公民教育中社会正义的主题、目标和程度。它开发了一个社会正义的三维框架,通过文本分析的混合方法,分析一套精选的权威文件,包括官方政策,国家课程指南和政府批准的教科书。结果揭示了日本和中国案例之间的话语差异和趋同。在日本的话语中,社会正义倾向于被构建为通过个人对彼此的相同待遇来消除的公认的不公正。相比之下,中国话语中的社会正义往往被构建为通过党国之间的差别待遇来实现的分配正义。这两种情况的共同之处在于,它们都很少关注社会正义的集体行动和全球影响。本文认为,这两个案例同样没有促进全面的、变革的和全球的社会正义教育。
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引用次数: 3
Learning, making and flourishing in non-formal spaces: Participatory arts and social justice 非正式空间中的学习、制作和繁荣:参与式艺术和社会正义
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920971809
P. Wright, Barry Down, C. Davies
This article considers Participatory Arts and sociocultural understandings of justice and praxis through the example of Big hART, an Australian multi-award winning provider where both artists and participants – often disenfranchised and marginalised young people – co-create the work (Matarasso, 2018). Enacting social justice principles, Big hART works alongside young people to improve their life outcomes through arts practice strengthening young people’s critical capabilities by inducting them as both makers and responders to their own lives and the world around them. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research across three sites in rural and regional Australia we highlight how multidimensional and multi-modal arts-based projects contribute to young people’s lives through theorising the attributes and dimensions of twenty productive conditions and practices identified as essential for social change. These possibilities are important as when these conditions are purposefully enacted, the power of the arts for sense-making and identity development is revealed in non-formal learning spaces. Theoretically unpacking these conditions and practices and linking them with research outcomes helps build understanding of the generative power of Participatory Arts through the ways Big hART builds bridges between young people and their communities and the developmental trajectories they may take through being ‘at-promise’ rather than ‘at-risk’.
本文通过Big hART的例子来考虑参与式艺术和对正义和实践的社会文化理解,Big hART是澳大利亚一家屡获殊荣的供应商,艺术家和参与者——通常是被剥夺公民权和边缘化的年轻人——共同创作作品(Matarasso, 2018)。Big hART遵循社会正义原则,与年轻人一起通过艺术实践来改善他们的生活成果,通过引导他们成为自己生活和周围世界的创造者和响应者来加强年轻人的批判能力。通过在澳大利亚农村和地区的三个地点进行为期三年的人种学研究,我们强调了多维度和多模式的艺术项目如何通过将20种生产条件和实践的属性和维度理论化来为年轻人的生活做出贡献,这些条件和实践被认为是社会变革所必需的。这些可能性很重要,因为当这些条件有目的地实施时,艺术的力量在非正式的学习空间中被揭示出来。从理论上分析这些条件和实践,并将它们与研究成果联系起来,有助于通过Big hART在年轻人和他们的社区之间建立桥梁的方式,以及他们可能通过“有希望”而不是“有风险”采取的发展轨迹,建立对参与式艺术的生成能力的理解。
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引用次数: 3
Communities as asset: Using positive communication to enhance the holistic well-being of South Africans 社区是资产:利用积极的沟通增进南非人的整体福祉
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/1746197920971792
D. Polk, Madison A. Pollino
Young South Africans who live in contexts of poverty face many challenges and obstacles in their attempts to rise out of their circumstances. However, adding support in the form of well-being teams who take ownership of promoting well-being may facilitate resilience and serve an important supportive function. Four different well-being teams participated in a focus group interview. They consisted of teachers, learners, parents, and a mixed group. The theory of positive communication provided a framework to understand the themes that emerged. Therefore, in an effort to level the playing field for these young South Africans, the educational system should create more spaces that enable and facilitate learning and that promote positive communication.
生活在贫困环境中的南非年轻人在努力摆脱困境时面临许多挑战和障碍。然而,以幸福团队的形式增加支持,他们负责促进幸福感,这可能有助于增强韧性,并发挥重要的支持作用。四个不同的幸福团队参加了焦点小组访谈。他们由教师、学习者、家长和一个混合群体组成。积极沟通理论为理解出现的主题提供了一个框架。因此,为了努力为这些南非年轻人创造公平的竞争环境,教育系统应该创造更多的空间,促进学习和促进积极沟通。
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引用次数: 1
International colleges and the cultivation of social capital in a divided Thailand: A narrative study of leadership perspectives at a Bangkok-based campus 在分裂的泰国,国际学院与社会资本的培养:对曼谷一所大学的领导视角的叙事研究
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1746197919844716
M. Ferguson
The establishment of international colleges in public universities has been part of a deliberate national strategy to modernize higher education in Thailand since the 1990s. These colleges use English as the medium of instruction, employ many international faculty, and promote more Western approaches to teaching and learning such as student-centered education. In addition, international colleges have served a more symbolic role. They serve as markers of civilization and sophistication, a symbol to be cultivated for the purpose of elevating one’s status in an already deeply divided Thai society. This narrative case study aims to situate Thailand’s first public university international college in a long-standing historical framework characterized by paradoxes and prejudices deeply rooted in Thai society. Stories are collected from members of the executive leadership of the college. It is argued that the themes emerging from the leadership narrative are consistent with the historical framework.
自20世纪90年代以来,在公立大学建立国际学院一直是泰国高等教育现代化国家战略的一部分。这些学院使用英语作为教学媒介,聘请许多国际教师,并推广更多的西方教学方法,如以学生为中心的教育。此外,国际学院发挥了更具象征意义的作用。它们是文明和成熟的标志,是在已经严重分裂的泰国社会中提升自己地位的一种象征。本叙述性案例研究旨在将泰国第一所公立大学国际学院置于泰国社会根深蒂固的悖论和偏见的长期历史框架中。故事是从学院的行政领导成员那里收集来的。有人认为,领导力叙事中出现的主题与历史框架是一致的。
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引用次数: 2
What’s the problem? Investigation of Dutch policy statements in search of causes of stagnating citizenship education 有什么问题吗?调查荷兰政策声明,寻找公民教育停滞的原因
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1746197919833373
Anneke Meester-van Laar, GD Bertram-Troost, J. Hoogland, D. D. De Ruyter
Based on the findings of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement notes in 2010 that the development of citizenship education is stagnating. In response to this stagnation, some countries, including the Netherlands, are tempted to act more prescriptively in matters of citizenship education. Prior to and in the interest of the search for a solution, we think it is first and foremost important to gain insight into the extent to which the Dutch policy on citizenship education itself contributes to the stagnation. Reconstruction of the policy theory (as a part of document analysis) is used as a method to analyse the various policy statements. Our analysis demonstrates that there are sufficient indications to state that what the Dutch government wants and why is unclear and that there are specific normative beliefs underlying the policy which may conflict with beliefs of the implementers. We assume that the indicators found are not conducive to enable or motivate school leaders to implement the policy as desired by the government.
根据国际公民与公民教育研究的结果,国际教育成就评估协会在2010年指出,公民教育的发展停滞不前。为了应对这种停滞,包括荷兰在内的一些国家试图在公民教育问题上采取更规范的行动。在寻求解决方案之前,我们认为,最重要的是要深入了解荷兰公民教育政策本身在多大程度上导致了这种停滞。政策理论的重构(作为文献分析的一部分)被用作分析各种政策陈述的方法。我们的分析表明,有足够的迹象表明,荷兰政府想要什么以及为什么不清楚,并且存在特定的规范性信念,这些信念可能与实施者的信念相冲突。我们假设发现的指标不利于促使或激励学校领导按照政府的意愿实施政策。
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引用次数: 1
Efficiency versus social justice? Teachers’ roles in the epoch of globalisation 效率vs社会正义?全球化时代教师的角色
IF 0.6 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1746197919852564
Christina Hajisoteriou, P. Angelides
The literature portrays globalisation as a ‘Janus-like phenomenon’, implying that it has two ‘heads’ like the mythical giant Janus; beyond the rise of hyber-liberalism, xenophobia and socio-economic inequity, globalisation has also humanistic and democratic elements. In this context, a global agenda of social justice and equity of educational opportunity appears to be counteracted by global discourses of neoliberalism, which are embedded in international performance indicators, and international tests and scores. Apparently, teachers in the era of globalisation are assigned with diverse, and often ‘unbalanced’, social and professional roles. In such a context, this article aims to address the following question: What roles are teachers called to play in the epoch of globalisation? In this article, we acknowledge that global preoccupation with efficiency and performance has contributed to the development a managerialist model of education causing the de-professionalisation of teachers. Such model has in turn restricted teachers’ opportunities to mediate social justice. Nonetheless, what we conclude is that teachers are not ‘trapped’ in a trade-off between efficiency and equity. Even if we accept that neoliberalism is an inevitable top-down policy framework, neoliberal settings can still provide spaces for teachers to act as democratic agents by developing autonomous, active and collegial professional identities. However, this article concludes that teachers working in solidarity in local/global coalitions may counteract the hegemony of neoliberalism by bringing bottom-up structural transformation towards social justice, equity and diversity recognition.
文献将全球化描述为一种“双面神现象”,暗示它有两个“头”,就像神话中的巨人两面神;除了极端自由主义、仇外心理和社会经济不平等的兴起之外,全球化还具有人文主义和民主因素。在这种情况下,社会正义和教育机会公平的全球议程似乎被新自由主义的全球话语所抵消,这些话语被纳入国际绩效指标、国际测试和分数中。显然,全球化时代的教师被赋予了多样化的、往往是“不平衡的”社会和职业角色。在这样的背景下,本文旨在解决以下问题:在全球化时代,教师应该扮演什么角色?在本文中,我们承认全球对效率和绩效的关注促进了教育管理主义模式的发展,导致了教师的去专业化。这种模式反过来又限制了教师调解社会正义的机会。尽管如此,我们得出的结论是,教师并没有被困在效率与公平之间的权衡中。即使我们接受新自由主义是一个不可避免的自上而下的政策框架,新自由主义的环境仍然可以为教师提供空间,通过发展自主的、积极的和合议的职业身份,作为民主的代理人。然而,本文的结论是,在地方/全球联盟中团结一致的教师可以通过带来自下而上的结构变革来实现社会正义、公平和多样性的承认,从而抵消新自由主义的霸权。
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引用次数: 10
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Education Citizenship and Social Justice
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