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Resident and Staff Time and Activity Allocation in a Juvenile Justice Facility 青少年司法机构的住院医师和工作人员时间和活动分配
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1925615
Odessa Luna, Ashley A. Anderson, J. Rapp
ABSTRACT Adolescents in juvenile justice facilities often lack critical social, academic, and vocational skills, which may limit their academic and employment opportunities following their release. One time period during which adjudicated adolescents can practice these critical skills with other residents and staff might be during leisure periods in their dorms. However, it is unclear (a) what activities are available for residents during leisure periods and (b) the extent to which staff members engage with residents during these activities. The purpose of the current study was to directly assess how residents and staff members in four dorms in a juvenile justice facility, which included a well-functioning comparison dormitory, allocated their time across available activities during indoor and outdoor leisure periods. Results indicated a lack of skill building activities available to residents across three of the four dorms, with residents often allocating their time to activities (e.g., television and video games) which might not promote pivotal life skills. The practical implications of these findings, as well as future directions for juvenile justice facilities and researchers, are briefly discussed.
青少年司法机构中的青少年往往缺乏关键的社会、学术和职业技能,这可能会限制他们获释后的学业和就业机会。被裁决的青少年可以与其他居民和工作人员一起练习这些关键技能的一段时间可能是在他们宿舍的休闲时间。然而,目前尚不清楚(a)居民在休闲期间可以进行哪些活动,以及(b)工作人员在这些活动期间与居民接触的程度。本研究的目的是直接评估少年司法机构四个宿舍(包括一个功能良好的对照宿舍)的居民和工作人员如何在室内和室外休闲期间将时间分配给可用的活动。结果表明,四个宿舍中有三个宿舍的居民缺乏技能培养活动,居民经常将时间分配给可能无法提高关键生活技能的活动(如电视和视频游戏)。简要讨论了这些发现的实际意义,以及青少年司法机构和研究人员的未来方向。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring Narratives of Three South African Fathers with Children in Care: Insights for Consideration 探索三位南非父亲带着孩子的叙述:值得思考的见解
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1908869
Ajwang' Warria
ABSTRACT The significance of fathers in the lives of their children is increasingly getting recognition worldwide, including in South Africa. However, critical gaps exist in the inclusion of fathers as child protection is maternally focussed and it seems to be a particular form of gatekeeping for fathers. This study engaged involved fathers on their inclusion and/or exclusion in identifying solutions toward their increased participation in relationship building with their children in a residential care facility. It this way, it also builds on family strengthening and reunification interventions. This was a qualitative study. Purposive sampling was applied and involved fathers with children in care were recruited by social workers. Using observation and interviews, three involved fathers were interviewed, and the data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The findings indicate that although fathers wanted to participate in the lives of their children, they felt alienated. Thus, a transformative gender-sensitive social work and gender-conscious practice with men is recommended through development of specialized models of working with men similar to approaches with and for marginalized clients. Improved engagement of fathers and enhancing father-mother-child relationships are crucial for transformative child welfare and family practice and toward family strengthening and reunification interventions.
父亲在孩子生活中的重要性在世界范围内日益得到认可,包括在南非。然而,在父亲的参与方面存在着重大差距,因为儿童保护是以母亲为中心的,这似乎是父亲的一种特殊形式。本研究让参与的父亲参与和/或排斥,以确定解决方案,使他们更多地参与与子女在寄宿护理机构建立关系。通过这种方式,它还建立在加强家庭和团聚干预的基础上。这是一项定性研究。采用有目的的抽样方法,由社会工作者招募照顾儿童的父亲。采用观察法和访谈法对三名参与调查的父亲进行访谈,并采用解释现象学分析对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,尽管父亲们想要参与孩子的生活,但他们感到被疏远了。因此,建议通过发展与边缘化客户类似的与边缘化客户合作的专门模式,开展对性别问题敏感的变革性社会工作和对男性有性别意识的实践。改善父亲的参与和加强父亲-母亲-儿童关系对于儿童福利和家庭实践的变革以及加强家庭和团聚干预措施至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Differences in Treatment Approaches by Residential Treatment Facilities 住宅处理设施处理方法的差异
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1910613
K. Herbell, S. Ault
ABSTRACT The accessibility and use of evidence-based mental health treatment are crucial to children and adolescents with mental health and behavioral health disorders. However, there is little known regarding treatment approaches in residential treatment facilities serving children and adolescents. As mental health disorders affect children and adolescents of all sociodemographic backgrounds, it is important to examine and identify differences in treatment approaches. This study’s primary objective was to describe the differences in treatment approaches offered by facilities varying in region, ownership (i.e., private nonprofit vs private for-profit/public), Medicaid status, and client factors (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity). Data from the 2018 National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS) was analyzed using Cohen’s h to examine the differences in treatment approaches by sociodemographic characteristics in 576 residential treatment facilities. The largest differences in treatment approaches varied by the race/ethnicity and the gender of the client population composition. Particularly, psychotropic medication, seclusion, and restraint were more prevalent when the client composition was majority males, African American or Black, or Native American or Alaska Native. Implications for research and practice related to the intersection of sociodemographic and treatment approaches for research and practice are discussed.
基于证据的心理健康治疗的可及性和使用对患有心理健康和行为健康障碍的儿童和青少年至关重要。然而,在为儿童和青少年服务的住院治疗机构中,人们对治疗方法知之甚少。由于精神健康障碍影响到所有社会人口背景的儿童和青少年,因此检查和确定治疗方法的差异非常重要。本研究的主要目的是描述不同地区、所有权(即私人非营利与私人营利性/公共)、医疗补助状况和客户因素(即年龄、性别、种族、民族)不同的设施所提供的治疗方法的差异。使用Cohen 's h分析了2018年国家精神卫生服务调查(N-MHSS)的数据,以检查576家住院治疗机构中社会人口统计学特征在治疗方法上的差异。治疗方法的最大差异因客户人口构成的种族/民族和性别而异。特别是,当病人主要为男性、非裔美国人或黑人、美洲原住民或阿拉斯加原住民时,精神药物、隔离和约束更为普遍。对研究和实践相关的社会人口学和治疗方法的交叉影响的研究和实践进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Commentary on Education Experiences in Residential Settings 居住环境下的教育体验述评
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1886026
L. Holmes
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引用次数: 0
Electronic Device Utilization, Bullying, School Experiences, and Discharge Destination of Youth Admitted to an Inpatient Unit for Psychiatric Illness 精神病住院青年电子设备使用、欺凌、上学经历及出院目的地
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1899883
M. Preyde, Shrenik Parekh, J. Heintzman
ABSTRACT The rate of admission to treatment facilities for psychiatric illness in youth is rising. There is also concern for their use of screen-time behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to explore hospitalized youth ratings for their utilization of social media and electronic devices, and their school experiences including bullying, and to compare their ratings to the provincial norm. The discharge plans were also examined. A survey with standardized questions taken from a provincial survey was administered while youth were in hospital. The mean age of the 111 youth who participated was 15.3 years (SD 1.4), and 78 (70%) identified as female. A high percentage of youth reported five or more hours of daily social media use, being bullied and bullying others; 57% reported a moderate to severe problem with digital media use. Adolescent patients reported greater problematic behaviors than the average adolescent. An unexpected finding was that many patients were discharged from the hospital to residential treatment programs. Youth reported many concerns with bullying, high use of electronics and poor school experiences. Many patients were discharged to specialized community residential treatment programs, which can be seen as essential components for the continuity of mental health treatment.
摘要青少年因精神疾病进入治疗机构的比率正在上升。他们对屏幕时间行为的使用也令人担忧。本研究的目的是探讨住院青年对社交媒体和电子设备的使用情况以及他们的学校经历(包括欺凌)的评分,并将他们的评分与省级标准进行比较。还审查了排放计划。一项从省级调查中抽取标准化问题的调查是在年轻人住院期间进行的。参与的111名青年的平均年龄为15.3岁(SD 1.4),其中78人(70%)为女性。高比例的年轻人报告说,他们每天使用社交媒体五个小时或五个小时以上,受到欺凌和欺凌他人;57%的人报告数字媒体使用存在中度至重度问题。青少年患者报告的问题行为比一般青少年更严重。一个意想不到的发现是,许多患者出院后接受住院治疗。年轻人报告说,他们对欺凌、大量使用电子产品和糟糕的学校经历感到担忧。许多患者出院后接受了专门的社区住院治疗计划,这可以被视为心理健康治疗连续性的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
Psychotropic Medication Prescribing in a Juvenile Justice Facility: Evidence of a Limited Discontinuation Process 少年司法机构的精神药物处方:有限停药过程的证据
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1887789
A. N. Anderson, J. Rapp, Erica D. Kierce
ABSTRACT This study examined medical files for former residents of a juvenile residential facility. A review of medical files for 135 adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses revealed 57 (42.2%) received one or more psychotropic medications during their stay. The most frequently prescribed psychotropic medications for residents were stimulants (53.6%), antidepressants (50.9%), and antipsychotics (19.3%). Some residents simultaneously received two (n = 15; 26.3%), three (n= 6; 10.5%), four (n= 6; 10.53%), five (n = 4; 7.02%), and six (n = 1; 1.75%) psychotropic medications. Nevertheless, 22 (38.6%) of the 57 residents who received psychotropic medication experienced discontinuation of all psychotropic medication prior to discharge. Individuals who received antipsychotic medication were (a) most likely to receive multiple psychotropic medications and (b) least likely to experience discontinuation of any medication. Similarly, residents who entered the facility with psychotropic medication were less likely to experience discontinuation than those who received psychotropic medication after intake.
摘要本研究调查了一所青少年收容机构的前居民的医疗档案。一项对135名被判性犯罪的青少年的医疗档案的审查显示,57人(42.2%)在逗留期间服用了一种或多种精神药物。居民最常服用的精神药物是兴奋剂(53.6%)、抗抑郁药(50.9%)和抗精神病药(19.3%)。一些居民同时服用了两种(n=15;26.3%)、三种(n=6;10.5%)、四种(n=6;10.53%)、五种(n=4;7.02%)和六种(n=1;1.75%)精神药物。然而,在57名接受精神药物治疗的居民中,有22人(38.6%)在出院前停止了所有精神药物治疗。接受抗精神病药物治疗的个体(a)最有可能接受多种精神药物治疗,(b)最不可能停药。同样,与服用精神药物的居民相比,服用精神药物进入该设施的居民不太可能出现停药的情况。
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引用次数: 2
Defining Seclusion: A Qualitative Multiphase Study Based on the Perspectives of Youth and Professionals in Secure Residential Youth Care in the Netherlands 定义隔离:一项基于荷兰青年和专业人员安全住宅青年护理视角的定性多阶段研究
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2021.1879710
Melissa van Dorp, K. Nijhof, E. Mulder, A. Popma
ABSTRACT Using seclusion in youth mental health care is controversial, as it can have physical and psychological consequences for youth and professionals. Notably, there is a wide disparity in how seclusion is defined in literature and practice. This leads to a diffuse image of what seclusion comprises, complicates measuring its prevalence, and hampers initiatives to reduce its use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an unambiguous and measurable definition of seclusion supported by youth and professionals in secure residential youth care in the Netherlands. A qualitative multiphase approach was used to examine which elements of the definition are essential and receive consensus among youth and professionals. After a brief literature review, a Delphi survey and focus groups were performed. In total, 11 (ex-)clients and 33 professionals with extensive experience in secure residential youth care participated. Youth and professionals arrived at the following definition: “an involuntary placement in a room or area the client is not allowed or able to leave”. During the implementation process, observations showed broad support for the definition by youth and professionals. With this, a foundation has been provided to monitor and reduce the use of seclusion in secure residential youth care in the Netherlands.
在青少年精神卫生保健中使用隔离是有争议的,因为它可能对青少年和专业人员产生生理和心理上的后果。值得注意的是,在文学和实践中对隐居的定义存在着很大的差异。这导致人们对隔离的概念模糊不清,使衡量其普遍程度变得复杂,并阻碍了减少隔离使用的举措。因此,本研究的目的是建立一个明确的、可测量的隔离定义,由荷兰的青年和专业人士在安全的住宿青年护理中支持。采用了定性的多阶段方法来审查定义的哪些要素是必不可少的,并在青年和专业人员中获得共识。在简要的文献回顾后,进行德尔菲调查和焦点小组。共有11位(前)服务对象和33位在有保障的住宿青少年护理方面有丰富经验的专业人士参与。青年和专业人士得出了以下定义:“在客户不被允许或不能离开的房间或区域的非自愿安置”。在执行过程中,观察结果显示青年和专业人员广泛支持这一定义。这样,就建立了一个基金会,以监测和减少在荷兰安全的青年寄宿照料中使用隔离。
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引用次数: 8
Residential Youth Care Combined with Systemic Interventions: Exploring Relationships between Family-Centered Care and Outcomes 结合系统干预的青少年寄宿关怀:探讨以家庭为中心的关怀与结果的关系
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1863894
A. Blankestein, R. V. D. van der Rijken, J. L. Broekhoven, A. Lange, I. Simons, L. van Domburgh, F. Van Santvoort, R. Scholte
ABSTRACT Family-centered care, in terms of parental involvement and family-centered staff attitude and behavior during placement in secure residential youth care, is increasingly being combined with systemic interventions. Little is known, however, about this combination of family-centered residential care and systemic interventions. This study assessed whether levels of parental involvement or family-centered staff attitude and behavior during placement predicted outcomes of systemic interventions. We first assessed the outcomes in the full sample of families receiving systemic interventions and thereafter in families receiving systemic interventions with a strong evidence base (Multidimensional Family Therapy, Multisystemic Therapy [specializing in treatment of individuals with an intellectual disability/with problem sexual behavior], Relational Family Therapy [MDFT, MST(-ID/-PSB), RGT]) and systemic interventions with a less strong evidence base (Attachment Based Family Therapy, Flexible Assertive Community Treatment [FACT], FamilyFACT, Forensic Ambulant Systemic Therapy, Systemic Therapy [ABFT, (Family)FACT, FAST, ST]). Results revealed that higher levels of parental involvement predicted less family empowerment and a longer duration of the systemic intervention. Higher levels of family-centered staff attitude and behavior predicted more parental distress, a shorter duration of the residential placement and a shorter duration of the systemic intervention. Combinations of secure residential youth care with different systemic interventions of different evidence bases resulted in different outcomes. Future research is needed to establish which components of family-centered care or systemic interventions contribute to adolescent outcomes.
以家庭为中心的护理,在安置在安全住宅青年护理期间,父母参与和以家庭为中心的工作人员的态度和行为,正越来越多地与系统干预相结合。然而,人们对这种以家庭为中心的住宿护理和系统干预的结合知之甚少。本研究评估了在安置期间,父母参与或以家庭为中心的员工态度和行为水平是否能预测系统干预的结果。我们首先评估了接受系统干预的全样本家庭的结果,然后评估了接受具有强大证据基础的系统干预的家庭的结果(多维家庭治疗,多系统治疗[专门治疗智力残疾/性行为问题的个体],关系家庭治疗[MDFT, MST(-ID/-PSB), RGT])和证据基础较弱的系统干预(基于依恋的家庭治疗,灵活果断的社区治疗[FACT], FamilyFACT,法医门诊系统治疗,系统治疗[ABFT, (Family)FACT, FAST, ST])。结果显示,父母参与程度越高,家庭授权越少,系统干预的持续时间越长。以家庭为中心的工作人员态度和行为水平越高,父母的痛苦程度越高,住院安置时间越短,系统干预时间越短。青少年安全住宿照护与不同证据基础的不同系统干预相结合会产生不同的结果。未来的研究需要确定以家庭为中心的护理或系统干预的哪些组成部分有助于青少年的结果。
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引用次数: 2
Editorial 社论
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/0886571x.2020.1852829
C. Harvie, Boon-Chye Lee
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 1.2 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1805393
P. Mcnamara, Kristin Duppong Hurley
While this collection of papers on family partnering was in development, life within children’s residential services was very different from the present reality. Arrival of the COVID19 pandemic has impacted residential programs for children, young people and their families around the globe in myriad ways. Anecdotally, we learn that virtual communication has improved regularity of contact and enhanced connectedness between some children and their families. However, for others, social distancing and isolation have proved challenging and re-triggered past trauma. Serious illness in family members, caregivers and teachers has been greatly distressing; too often this culminates in intense grief with the loss of loved ones. Such experiences can create even greater obstacles to repairing family disruption and healing trauma than those evident prior to the pandemic. Papers included in this special issue of Residential Treatment for Children and Youth address effective partnering with families in residential care programs operating within child welfare systems in Australia and the United States. Collectively, the approaches described appear consistent with the rationale underpinning the Family Engagement Inventory (FEI) Child Welfare theme (Children’s Bureau, Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2015): ‘ . . . meaningful family engagement contributes not only to the well-being of the child and the family, but also to the well-being of the community’. The FEI standpoint has much in common with privileging of family partnering within the International Consensus Statement on Therapeutic Residential Care (Whittaker et al., 2016); the essence of this is encapsulated in the following excerpts: ‘Our vision of therapeutic residential care is integrally linked with the spirit of partnership between the families we seek to serve and our total staff complement. . . . (that is) to strive constantly to forge and maintain strong and vital family linkages . . .. Effective and humane therapeutic residential care is best seen as a support to families who are struggling, rather than as a substitute for families who have failed (Geurts et al., 2012).’ The robust conviction manifest in these and similar contemporary sources, along with a burgeoning international literature, suggest that the sector is largely persuaded of the importance of family partnering to achievement of best practice and good outcomes from residential care. However, papers in this Special Issue reveal that important challenges remain in developing, resourcing and implementing effective family partnering in the field. True RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN & YOUTH 2020, VOL. 37, NO. 4, 265–268 https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1805393
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Residential Treatment for Children & Youth
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