Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2019.1598314
K. Jolivette, N. Swoszowski, R. Ennis, Janette A Nihles
ABSTRACT The Facility-wide Tiered Fidelity Inventory (FW-TFI) is a treatment fidelity tool used to evaluate implementation of positive behavior interventions and support (PBIS) framework systems, data, and practices at Tiers I, II, and III in residential and juvenile facilities where the needs of the children and youth are served within 24-hour/7-day a week service delivery models. This manuscript details the development process undertaken to adapt the School-wide Tiered Fidelity Inventory for use when PBIS is implemented across all settings by all staff of a facility. A three-stage process, involving a representative sample of national stakeholders, is detailed, with each phase briefly described along with ideas shared and decisions made by the stakeholders. We offer two illustrative examples of the FW-TFI process undertaken and the data gleaned from implementation with a hypothetical therapeutic residential hospital and residential juvenile facility. We conclude with practice and policy implications.
{"title":"FW-PBIS Tiered Fidelity Inventory Tool for Use in 24/7 Delivery Models in Residential and Juvenile Justice Facilities: Process for Blending Researcher and Stakeholder Input","authors":"K. Jolivette, N. Swoszowski, R. Ennis, Janette A Nihles","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2019.1598314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2019.1598314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Facility-wide Tiered Fidelity Inventory (FW-TFI) is a treatment fidelity tool used to evaluate implementation of positive behavior interventions and support (PBIS) framework systems, data, and practices at Tiers I, II, and III in residential and juvenile facilities where the needs of the children and youth are served within 24-hour/7-day a week service delivery models. This manuscript details the development process undertaken to adapt the School-wide Tiered Fidelity Inventory for use when PBIS is implemented across all settings by all staff of a facility. A three-stage process, involving a representative sample of national stakeholders, is detailed, with each phase briefly described along with ideas shared and decisions made by the stakeholders. We offer two illustrative examples of the FW-TFI process undertaken and the data gleaned from implementation with a hypothetical therapeutic residential hospital and residential juvenile facility. We conclude with practice and policy implications.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2019.1598314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1781021
S. Portwood, A. Suzanne Boyd, K. S. Barber
ABSTRACT In response to the continuing need for agencies providing residential care and treatment to children and youth to develop and/or to enhance their ability to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of their services, this article explores successful strategies for building and sustaining research capacity in these settings. Between five and six years following a collaborative project to implement a program of outcomes research across 37 sites (representing 32 agencies) in two southeastern states, the authors investigated the extent to which research infrastructure and activities had been sustained and/or expanded since the project ended and examined the role of various factors in facilitating and supporting these efforts. At the time of this follow-up study, 24 (75%) of the agencies participating in the original study were still in operation (in the same or some modified form). Of these, 20 (83.3%) responded to an online survey. Overall, data supported a nine-step model for building research capacity that can serve as a guide for a wide range of agencies seeking to obtain scientifically sound data regarding the outcomes of children in their care.
{"title":"A Data-informed Model for Building Research Capacity in Out-of-home Care and Treatment Settings for Children and Youth","authors":"S. Portwood, A. Suzanne Boyd, K. S. Barber","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1781021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1781021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In response to the continuing need for agencies providing residential care and treatment to children and youth to develop and/or to enhance their ability to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of their services, this article explores successful strategies for building and sustaining research capacity in these settings. Between five and six years following a collaborative project to implement a program of outcomes research across 37 sites (representing 32 agencies) in two southeastern states, the authors investigated the extent to which research infrastructure and activities had been sustained and/or expanded since the project ended and examined the role of various factors in facilitating and supporting these efforts. At the time of this follow-up study, 24 (75%) of the agencies participating in the original study were still in operation (in the same or some modified form). Of these, 20 (83.3%) responded to an online survey. Overall, data supported a nine-step model for building research capacity that can serve as a guide for a wide range of agencies seeking to obtain scientifically sound data regarding the outcomes of children in their care.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1781021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48202585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1774464
Linda Vaskinn, A. Mellblom, Pamela M. Waaler, Oda Skagseth, C. Bjørkli, J. Kjøbli
ABSTRACT Considering the high prevalence of mental health challenges among the residential youth care (RYC) population, it is imperative that research-informed interventions are implemented in this setting. However, little research is available regarding RYC implementation practices. Leadership is a vital influencer of implementation success. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further the knowledge base concerning effective implementation in RYC by investigating implementation leadership behavior. Utilizing qualitative methods, RYC providers were asked about effective implementation leadership behaviors, with an emphasis on similarities and variations in behavior enacted by different leadership levels within the organization. The results indicate that relations-oriented and task-oriented leadership behavior are more important than change-oriented implementation leadership behavior among the providers interviewed. The reported behaviors differed in terms of leadership level. The top executive leadership was more involved in task-oriented leadership behavior (i.e., monitoring activities, resource procurement), while the facility management was more involved with relations-oriented behaviors (i.e., providing support, facilitating cooperation). Finally, the results are discussed in light of RYC characteristics and implementation stages.
{"title":"Implementation in Residential Youth Care: Providers Perspectives on Effective Leadership Behavior","authors":"Linda Vaskinn, A. Mellblom, Pamela M. Waaler, Oda Skagseth, C. Bjørkli, J. Kjøbli","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1774464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1774464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Considering the high prevalence of mental health challenges among the residential youth care (RYC) population, it is imperative that research-informed interventions are implemented in this setting. However, little research is available regarding RYC implementation practices. Leadership is a vital influencer of implementation success. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further the knowledge base concerning effective implementation in RYC by investigating implementation leadership behavior. Utilizing qualitative methods, RYC providers were asked about effective implementation leadership behaviors, with an emphasis on similarities and variations in behavior enacted by different leadership levels within the organization. The results indicate that relations-oriented and task-oriented leadership behavior are more important than change-oriented implementation leadership behavior among the providers interviewed. The reported behaviors differed in terms of leadership level. The top executive leadership was more involved in task-oriented leadership behavior (i.e., monitoring activities, resource procurement), while the facility management was more involved with relations-oriented behaviors (i.e., providing support, facilitating cooperation). Finally, the results are discussed in light of RYC characteristics and implementation stages.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1774464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44418201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751017
Vanessa V. Klodnick, Brenda Kissane, Rebecca P. Johnson, Candy Malina, Allison R. Ewing, Marc A. Fagan
ABSTRACT Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based practice found to improve emotional and relational coping skills among individuals experiencing severe psychological distress. Building on previous adolescent adaptations, a multidisciplinary steering committee adapted DBT for a residential and psychiatric care context designed for 18–20 year olds with serious mental health conditions preparing to age out of child service systems. The study examined acceptability and feasibility of the adapted-DBT. Materials & Methods. The steering committed developed and administered a DBT quality measure. Twenty-five participants enrolled, completing interviews with standardized self-report measures and open-ended questions at enrollment, three and six months of DBT participation. The research team collected and analyzed participant individual therapy and group skills training attendance, program exits, and study attrition using descriptive and non-parametric statistical tests as well as thematic qualitative coding. Results. Adapted DBT showed promise: 64% participated for three-months and 52% for six-months. Mindfulness and distress tolerance increased significantly from enrollment to six months. Perceived benefits included improved self-awareness, impulse control, communication, and relationship quality. Discussion. Interpersonal and self-management skills learned through DBT may be critical for vulnerable youth as they transition to adulthood. Additional adaptations for young adults in residential settings and implications for practice are discussed.
{"title":"Adapting Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Young Adults Diagnosed with Serious Mental Health Conditions in Residential Care: A Feasibility Study","authors":"Vanessa V. Klodnick, Brenda Kissane, Rebecca P. Johnson, Candy Malina, Allison R. Ewing, Marc A. Fagan","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based practice found to improve emotional and relational coping skills among individuals experiencing severe psychological distress. Building on previous adolescent adaptations, a multidisciplinary steering committee adapted DBT for a residential and psychiatric care context designed for 18–20 year olds with serious mental health conditions preparing to age out of child service systems. The study examined acceptability and feasibility of the adapted-DBT. Materials & Methods. The steering committed developed and administered a DBT quality measure. Twenty-five participants enrolled, completing interviews with standardized self-report measures and open-ended questions at enrollment, three and six months of DBT participation. The research team collected and analyzed participant individual therapy and group skills training attendance, program exits, and study attrition using descriptive and non-parametric statistical tests as well as thematic qualitative coding. Results. Adapted DBT showed promise: 64% participated for three-months and 52% for six-months. Mindfulness and distress tolerance increased significantly from enrollment to six months. Perceived benefits included improved self-awareness, impulse control, communication, and relationship quality. Discussion. Interpersonal and self-management skills learned through DBT may be critical for vulnerable youth as they transition to adulthood. Additional adaptations for young adults in residential settings and implications for practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1746948
J. Huefner, F. Ainsworth
ABSTRACT It is not unusual to see research studies or published opinion pieces that claim to demonstrate that home-based interventions (HBI) are more effective than group-care (GC) programs for young people with emotional and behavioral difficulties. The claim about the comparative effectiveness of HBIs in contrast to GC programs can only be true if they serve the same population of young people by age, gender, and degree of emotional and behavioral difficulties and that the outcomes for HBIs are statistically significantly better than those for GC. There is a long-standing argument between those who think that GC programs are unnecessary in comparison to those who think a mature child welfare system will always need some GC programs, albeit for a few young people with extreme difficulties. This article explores this issue in terms of how legitimate comparisons can be made between these two forms of service and how case-mix adjustment provides an established method for doing this. The purpose is to move away from ideological posturing by advocates from either side of the argument and put the debate about these forms of service and their effectiveness onto a firmer evidence base.
{"title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Home-based and Group-Care Programs for Children and Young People: The Challenge and Path Forward","authors":"J. Huefner, F. Ainsworth","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1746948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1746948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is not unusual to see research studies or published opinion pieces that claim to demonstrate that home-based interventions (HBI) are more effective than group-care (GC) programs for young people with emotional and behavioral difficulties. The claim about the comparative effectiveness of HBIs in contrast to GC programs can only be true if they serve the same population of young people by age, gender, and degree of emotional and behavioral difficulties and that the outcomes for HBIs are statistically significantly better than those for GC. There is a long-standing argument between those who think that GC programs are unnecessary in comparison to those who think a mature child welfare system will always need some GC programs, albeit for a few young people with extreme difficulties. This article explores this issue in terms of how legitimate comparisons can be made between these two forms of service and how case-mix adjustment provides an established method for doing this. The purpose is to move away from ideological posturing by advocates from either side of the argument and put the debate about these forms of service and their effectiveness onto a firmer evidence base.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1746948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48503175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751019
Karen Frensch, Graham Ashbourne, K. MacLeod, D. Bartlett, M. Preyde
ABSTRACT Many youth may make progress while accessing residential mental health treatment, though their outcomes post-discharge are varied. While some youth continue to struggle in the post-discharge environment, some are succeeding. The purpose of this report is to explore the perspectives of emerging adults who are succeeding following residential treatment about their daily functioning and life domains. In total 21 youth (mean age 20.3 years) described positive relationships with families, friends, and coworkers, success in completing school or securing employment, and using strategies to manage ongoing mental health challenges. These findings are consistent with resilience theory and may inform intervention during and after residential treatment.
{"title":"Better than Expected: Young Adults’ Perceptions of Community Living after Children’s Residential Mental Health Treatment","authors":"Karen Frensch, Graham Ashbourne, K. MacLeod, D. Bartlett, M. Preyde","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many youth may make progress while accessing residential mental health treatment, though their outcomes post-discharge are varied. While some youth continue to struggle in the post-discharge environment, some are succeeding. The purpose of this report is to explore the perspectives of emerging adults who are succeeding following residential treatment about their daily functioning and life domains. In total 21 youth (mean age 20.3 years) described positive relationships with families, friends, and coworkers, success in completing school or securing employment, and using strategies to manage ongoing mental health challenges. These findings are consistent with resilience theory and may inform intervention during and after residential treatment.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47558439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751018
S. Griffing, Bethany Casarjian, K. Maxim
ABSTRACT This article evaluates the feasibility, acceptability and initial outcomes of an innovative organizational intervention (EQ2: Empowering Direct Care Staff to Build Trauma-Responsive Communities for Youth). EQ2 is a psychoeducational training designed to build staff effectiveness in agencies that serve at-risk, trauma-impacted youth, particularly those youth involved in the child welfare and/or juvenile justice systems. EQ2 incorporates principles of trauma-informed care, mindfulness and restorative justice practices to help staff members to develop their own social and emotional regulation skills so that they can effectively model and co-regulate with youth, thereby contributing to the development of trauma-sensitive environments. Thirty-one staff members from four diverse youth-serving agencies participated in the six-session intervention delivered on-site at their programs. Preliminary results indicate that participating staff members perceived the intervention as: 1) increasing their understanding of the impact of trauma on youth behavior; 2) providing them with practical skills to proactively de-escalate crisis situations; and, 3) helping them to feel more effective in their professional roles. The data suggest that EQ2 is a promising intervention that can support positive outcomes for youth and staff, particularly in under-resourced communities.
{"title":"EQ2: Empowering Direct Care Staff to Build Trauma-Informed Communities for Youth","authors":"S. Griffing, Bethany Casarjian, K. Maxim","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article evaluates the feasibility, acceptability and initial outcomes of an innovative organizational intervention (EQ2: Empowering Direct Care Staff to Build Trauma-Responsive Communities for Youth). EQ2 is a psychoeducational training designed to build staff effectiveness in agencies that serve at-risk, trauma-impacted youth, particularly those youth involved in the child welfare and/or juvenile justice systems. EQ2 incorporates principles of trauma-informed care, mindfulness and restorative justice practices to help staff members to develop their own social and emotional regulation skills so that they can effectively model and co-regulate with youth, thereby contributing to the development of trauma-sensitive environments. Thirty-one staff members from four diverse youth-serving agencies participated in the six-session intervention delivered on-site at their programs. Preliminary results indicate that participating staff members perceived the intervention as: 1) increasing their understanding of the impact of trauma on youth behavior; 2) providing them with practical skills to proactively de-escalate crisis situations; and, 3) helping them to feel more effective in their professional roles. The data suggest that EQ2 is a promising intervention that can support positive outcomes for youth and staff, particularly in under-resourced communities.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47720461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1754996
F. Ainsworth, Paul Mastronardi
ABSTRACT This article is about using data from the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire to develop a house burden score as a way of measuring the workload of a therapeutic residential care program. The development of the score ensures that residential placement selection is based on empirical data rather than on the often-used criteria of ‘where is there a vacancy?’ It may also curb comments by inexperienced staff such as ‘our house has the most difficult young people, whereas yours are easy’. The aim of the score is to ensure that a residential program is not overburdened with too many children and young people with complex emotional and behavioral difficulties to the extent that this result is a sub-standard service for all young people.
{"title":"A House Burden Score: Measuring the Workload in Therapeutic Residential Care for Young People","authors":"F. Ainsworth, Paul Mastronardi","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2020.1754996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1754996","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is about using data from the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire to develop a house burden score as a way of measuring the workload of a therapeutic residential care program. The development of the score ensures that residential placement selection is based on empirical data rather than on the often-used criteria of ‘where is there a vacancy?’ It may also curb comments by inexperienced staff such as ‘our house has the most difficult young people, whereas yours are easy’. The aim of the score is to ensure that a residential program is not overburdened with too many children and young people with complex emotional and behavioral difficulties to the extent that this result is a sub-standard service for all young people.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1754996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2019.1682487
Tim Moore, M. McArthur, Jodi Death
ABSTRACT International research has shown that young people in residential care experience challenges and are often exposed to risks that compromise their physical and emotional safety. In particular, the literature has begun to account for the interpersonal difficulties that children and young people have with their peers: concerns about bullying, harassment, peer sexual and physical violence and exploitation. This paper builds on this literature, drawing from a study for the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse where 27 children and young people living in residential care discussed their experiences of safety. Although they reported abuse and harm (including exposure to peer violence and bullying and exploitation from outsiders) and how their peers’ experiences affected their sense of safety, our study also uncovered ways that young people supported each other and provided them relationships that were protective. The implications for policy and practice, including the need to strengthen peer relationships and foster positive peer cultures are explored.
{"title":"Brutal Bullies and Protective Peers: How Young People Help or Hinder Each Other’s Safety in Residential Care","authors":"Tim Moore, M. McArthur, Jodi Death","doi":"10.1080/0886571X.2019.1682487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2019.1682487","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT International research has shown that young people in residential care experience challenges and are often exposed to risks that compromise their physical and emotional safety. In particular, the literature has begun to account for the interpersonal difficulties that children and young people have with their peers: concerns about bullying, harassment, peer sexual and physical violence and exploitation. This paper builds on this literature, drawing from a study for the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse where 27 children and young people living in residential care discussed their experiences of safety. Although they reported abuse and harm (including exposure to peer violence and bullying and exploitation from outsiders) and how their peers’ experiences affected their sense of safety, our study also uncovered ways that young people supported each other and provided them relationships that were protective. The implications for policy and practice, including the need to strengthen peer relationships and foster positive peer cultures are explored.","PeriodicalId":45491,"journal":{"name":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0886571X.2019.1682487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47569118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/0886571X.2020.1723207
M. Nunno, M. Rauktis, Shalhevet Attar- Schwartz
This dedicated issue grew out of a symposium entitled Perceptions of safety in child welfare: Contrasting child and adult perspectives at the European Scientific Association on Residential & Family Care for Children and Adolescents (EuSARF) in Porto, Portugal, October-2018. The symposium organizers recognized that a child’s perception of safety and how that perception differs from an adult’s perspective has relevance to professional practice throughout the spectrum of child welfare interventions. Caseworkers assess safety and risk at the time of protective inquiries, removals from parental or foster homes, and placements in residential agencies. Safety assessments persist through a child’s care history to terminations from the child welfare system. Some literature indicates that adults may be guarding against their personal and age-related perceptions of risk and safety, rather than guarding children and youth against the age-appropriate persons, places, and interactions that children perceive (or should perceive) as unsafe. Tim Moore states it is “imperative to understand how children and young people (in care) understand safety, what they believe their safety needs are, and how their understanding influences what they do in situations when they are unsafe” (Moore & McArthur, 2016, p. 1). In some cases, we may be ill-equipping children with little or no teaching and guidance on how to cope with and overcome that fear. The symposium addressed five perspectives from researchers in Australia, Canada, and the United States who have examined children’s perceptions of safety while contrasting their attitudes with those adults who care for them. The implications are critical for children in out-of-home placements but are especially crucial for those children placed in therapeutic residential care since their perception of safety is a requirement for attachment and future developmental relationships. Due to their history of unstable attachment, many youths in out-of-home placements develop maladaptive belief systems for approaching relationships, making them less able to establish and maintain essential bonds with supportive adults. A symposium goal was to build a community of practice from the EUSARF symposium presenters and the audience who have a continued interest in examining children’s safety and its complex perceptual, developmental, situational, ethical, and methodological issues. The co-editors’ wish that this compendium will lead to a community of practice that prompts a vigorous research agenda, as well as practice changes.
这一专题问题源于2018年10月在葡萄牙波尔图举行的欧洲儿童和青少年住宿和家庭护理科学协会(EuSARF)题为“儿童福利中的安全感:对比儿童和成人的观点”的研讨会。研讨会组织者认识到，儿童对安全的看法以及这种看法与成人的看法有何不同，与整个儿童福利干预范围的专业实践有关。在保护性询问、离开父母或寄养家庭以及安置在寄宿机构时，社会工作者评估安全和风险。安全评估贯穿儿童的照料历史，直至儿童福利系统的终止。一些文献表明，成年人可能会防范他们个人和年龄相关的风险和安全观念，而不是保护儿童和青少年防范儿童认为(或应该认为)不安全的适龄人士、场所和互动。蒂姆·摩尔(Tim Moore)指出，“必须了解儿童和年轻人(被照顾者)如何理解安全，他们认为自己的安全需求是什么，以及他们的理解如何影响他们在不安全的情况下所做的事情”(Moore & McArthur, 2016, p. 1)。在某些情况下，我们可能没有为孩子提供足够的教育和指导，很少或根本没有如何应对和克服这种恐惧。研讨会讨论了澳大利亚、加拿大和美国研究人员的五个观点，他们研究了儿童对安全的看法，并将他们的态度与照顾他们的成年人进行了对比。这对在户外安置的儿童至关重要，但对那些在治疗性住宿护理中的儿童尤为重要，因为他们的安全感是依恋和未来发展关系的必要条件。由于他们的不稳定依恋的历史，许多在家庭外安置的年轻人对接近关系产生了不适应的信念系统，使他们无法与支持他们的成年人建立和维持必要的联系。研讨会的目标是建立一个由EUSARF研讨会主持人和对研究儿童安全及其复杂的感知、发展、情境、伦理和方法问题持续感兴趣的听众组成的实践社区。共同编者的愿望是，这个纲要将导致一个实践社区，促进一个有力的研究议程，以及实践的变化。
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