Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1353/sgo.2023.a912267
Rebecca Johns, Matt Viera, Barnali Dixon
abstract:This study presents a geospatial analysis of police killings within two areas in Florida over a twenty-year period. Fatalities were mapped against social and economic characteristics of neighborhoods to ascertain if police violence ending in civilian death was concentrated in areas with high-minority and low-income populations, and those areas in proximity to gentrifying neighborhoods. We evaluated the theory that police violence against minority residents serves as a process of containment and ultimately supports the continued generation of wealth by a specific sector of society through the process of gentrification. The cycle of destruction and renewal in the urban landscape is deeply intertwined with processes of capital accumulation, class differentiation, and racial subordination. Both the West Florida and Southeast Florida areas contained a significantly higher proportion of fatal encounters occurring within tracts that were eligible to gentrify than in tracts that were in the process of gentrifying. Fort Lauderdale in particular had little overlap despite containing concentrated hotspots of incidents in combination with high-minority and low–NSES tracts. This same pattern is apparent in the Lakeland area in west Florida. Our findings are consistent with Laniyonu's observation that police interactions tend to increase in tracts just outside of gentrified areas, but seldom within them.
{"title":"Police Violence as Containment of Black Bodies during Urban Renewal: A Spatial Analysis of Civilian Deaths by Police in Florida","authors":"Rebecca Johns, Matt Viera, Barnali Dixon","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2023.a912267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a912267","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This study presents a geospatial analysis of police killings within two areas in Florida over a twenty-year period. Fatalities were mapped against social and economic characteristics of neighborhoods to ascertain if police violence ending in civilian death was concentrated in areas with high-minority and low-income populations, and those areas in proximity to gentrifying neighborhoods. We evaluated the theory that police violence against minority residents serves as a process of containment and ultimately supports the continued generation of wealth by a specific sector of society through the process of gentrification. The cycle of destruction and renewal in the urban landscape is deeply intertwined with processes of capital accumulation, class differentiation, and racial subordination. Both the West Florida and Southeast Florida areas contained a significantly higher proportion of fatal encounters occurring within tracts that were eligible to gentrify than in tracts that were in the process of gentrifying. Fort Lauderdale in particular had little overlap despite containing concentrated hotspots of incidents in combination with high-minority and low–NSES tracts. This same pattern is apparent in the Lakeland area in west Florida. Our findings are consistent with Laniyonu's observation that police interactions tend to increase in tracts just outside of gentrified areas, but seldom within them.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"21 1","pages":"386 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1353/sgo.2023.a912270
Jon C. Malinowski
{"title":"Regional Geography of the United States and Canada, Fifth Edition by Daniel R. Montello, Michael T. Applegarth, and Tom L. McKnight (review)","authors":"Jon C. Malinowski","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2023.a912270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a912270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"54 1","pages":"434 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1353/sgo.2023.a912265
Nabeela Farhat, Selima Sultana
abstract:Socioeconomic inequalities among foreign-born populations in the United States in minor-emerging gateways are rarely discussed in existing inequality literature. This study helps to fill that gap by examining inequality and spatial integration among immigrant, US–born White, and Black populations in a minor gateway metropolitan area of Greensboro–High Point, NC. The 2020 Census five-year (2016–2020) estimate of American Community Survey (ACS) housing and demographic data, the location quotient (LQ), Lorenz curve, and Gini Index are utilized. The LQ values suggest immigrant groups are more concentrated with Black populations than White populations, but US–born Black and White populations are far more segregated than immigrant groups. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficients confirm that White populations experience the least inequality while the greatest income inequality exists among US–born Black populations, followed by immigrant populations. Further, disparities in income are greater for immigrants living in their underrepresented communities than those who live in overrepresented neighborhoods. The study concludes that immigrant populations living in segregated neighborhoods with a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minorities have lower education and English language competency than those living in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of US–born residents, and hence have lower income inequality among populations.
{"title":"Immigrants and Inequality: Evidence from a Minor-Emerging Gateway Metropolitan Area in NC","authors":"Nabeela Farhat, Selima Sultana","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2023.a912265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a912265","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Socioeconomic inequalities among foreign-born populations in the United States in minor-emerging gateways are rarely discussed in existing inequality literature. This study helps to fill that gap by examining inequality and spatial integration among immigrant, US–born White, and Black populations in a minor gateway metropolitan area of Greensboro–High Point, NC. The 2020 Census five-year (2016–2020) estimate of American Community Survey (ACS) housing and demographic data, the location quotient (LQ), Lorenz curve, and Gini Index are utilized. The LQ values suggest immigrant groups are more concentrated with Black populations than White populations, but US–born Black and White populations are far more segregated than immigrant groups. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficients confirm that White populations experience the least inequality while the greatest income inequality exists among US–born Black populations, followed by immigrant populations. Further, disparities in income are greater for immigrants living in their underrepresented communities than those who live in overrepresented neighborhoods. The study concludes that immigrant populations living in segregated neighborhoods with a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minorities have lower education and English language competency than those living in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of US–born residents, and hence have lower income inequality among populations.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"195 1","pages":"340 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1353/sgo.2023.a912266
Michael J. Allen, Jennifer L. Whytlaw, Nicole Hutton, Jeremy S. Hoffman
abstract:In the face of anthropogenic climate change, the ability of communities to reduce the heat-health burden remains a significant public health issue. This research is the first to identify cooling centers across the southeastern United States, providing a resource for stakeholders. The study evaluates the spatial relationship of these venues for heat-vulnerable populations. Using a survey and publicly available data, researchers identified 1,433 cooling centers, though significant variability exists across states and local jurisdictions. Of the nine states examined, Tennessee was the only location with a health system–supported cooling center network. Only 36 percent of the Southeast's population lives within a fifteen-minute drive of a cooling center. In most states, less than 10 percent of vulnerable populations (elderly, non-white, below poverty) are within this driveshed. Most cooling centers were found in urban environments, although heat vulnerability is not exclusively a city issue. Further research is needed to strengthen cross-agency collaboration and evaluate the effectiveness of cooling centers in areas of both high and low population density. Some states have integrated heat as part of hazard mitigation plans, but additional research is needed to explore how these plans go beyond hazard identification and strengthen vulnerable communities' ability to mitigate heat risk.
{"title":"Heat Mitigation in the Southeastern United States: Are Cooling Centers Equitable and Strategic?","authors":"Michael J. Allen, Jennifer L. Whytlaw, Nicole Hutton, Jeremy S. Hoffman","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2023.a912266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a912266","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the face of anthropogenic climate change, the ability of communities to reduce the heat-health burden remains a significant public health issue. This research is the first to identify cooling centers across the southeastern United States, providing a resource for stakeholders. The study evaluates the spatial relationship of these venues for heat-vulnerable populations. Using a survey and publicly available data, researchers identified 1,433 cooling centers, though significant variability exists across states and local jurisdictions. Of the nine states examined, Tennessee was the only location with a health system–supported cooling center network. Only 36 percent of the Southeast's population lives within a fifteen-minute drive of a cooling center. In most states, less than 10 percent of vulnerable populations (elderly, non-white, below poverty) are within this driveshed. Most cooling centers were found in urban environments, although heat vulnerability is not exclusively a city issue. Further research is needed to strengthen cross-agency collaboration and evaluate the effectiveness of cooling centers in areas of both high and low population density. Some states have integrated heat as part of hazard mitigation plans, but additional research is needed to explore how these plans go beyond hazard identification and strengthen vulnerable communities' ability to mitigate heat risk.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"3 1","pages":"366 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1353/sgo.2023.a912268
David Kaplan
abstract:The establishment of formal disciplinary-based associations is vital to the growth of the discipline and in facilitating the activities of people who work within the discipline. This geographical note examines the development and role of geography associations in the United States. It begins by looking at the four major geography societies which originated between 1851 and 1915 and how they specialized in their outreach and functions. This is followed by examining the role of the American Association of Geographers' regional divisions, which have created more localized geography associations for AAG members. The attributes of the AAG's nine regional divisions are considered, and then members' perspectives of these regions, based on a wide-ranging survey, are discussed. The special place of the Southeastern Division of the AAG (SEDAAG) emerges in comparing attributes and perceptions of each of the nine AAG regions.
{"title":"Gauging Geography's Vitality through National and Regional Organizations","authors":"David Kaplan","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2023.a912268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a912268","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The establishment of formal disciplinary-based associations is vital to the growth of the discipline and in facilitating the activities of people who work within the discipline. This geographical note examines the development and role of geography associations in the United States. It begins by looking at the four major geography societies which originated between 1851 and 1915 and how they specialized in their outreach and functions. This is followed by examining the role of the American Association of Geographers' regional divisions, which have created more localized geography associations for AAG members. The attributes of the AAG's nine regional divisions are considered, and then members' perspectives of these regions, based on a wide-ranging survey, are discussed. The special place of the Southeastern Division of the AAG (SEDAAG) emerges in comparing attributes and perceptions of each of the nine AAG regions.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"121 1","pages":"418 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1353/sgo.2023.a912264
William Graves, Chuck McShane, Jonathan Kozar
abstract:Pandemic-era disruptions to the geography of work have led some observers to suggest that the city's critical role in production may be coming to an end. While little is currently known about the magnitude of the diffusion of workers into lower-cost and high-amenity areas, there still has been much speculation on an associated diffusion of workplaces in response. We explore the changing geography of office space in Charlotte using the Adams–Muller model of intra-urban evolution to identify several trends. First, office space consumption in central business districts (CBDs) has been stagnant, and suburban space consumption has declined since Q2 of 2020. Second, we find a trend of new office space construction and consumption in new districts which are adjacent to CBDs. Our case study of Charlotte indicates that some recentralization of office space is underway, and observations suggest that similar shifts are likely to be occurring elsewhere. While this work is in the exploratory stages, should these trends be verified as robust, it appears that cities like Charlotte may have begun a new evolutionary phase in the Adams–Muller context.
{"title":"Post-Pandemic Urban Form: Tentative Signs of Office Recentralization in Charlotte","authors":"William Graves, Chuck McShane, Jonathan Kozar","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2023.a912264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a912264","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Pandemic-era disruptions to the geography of work have led some observers to suggest that the city's critical role in production may be coming to an end. While little is currently known about the magnitude of the diffusion of workers into lower-cost and high-amenity areas, there still has been much speculation on an associated diffusion of workplaces in response. We explore the changing geography of office space in Charlotte using the Adams–Muller model of intra-urban evolution to identify several trends. First, office space consumption in central business districts (CBDs) has been stagnant, and suburban space consumption has declined since Q2 of 2020. Second, we find a trend of new office space construction and consumption in new districts which are adjacent to CBDs. Our case study of Charlotte indicates that some recentralization of office space is underway, and observations suggest that similar shifts are likely to be occurring elsewhere. While this work is in the exploratory stages, should these trends be verified as robust, it appears that cities like Charlotte may have begun a new evolutionary phase in the Adams–Muller context.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"11 2","pages":"321 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The floodplains of the Southeast’s stream network once hosted immense brakes of rivercane (Arundinaria gigantea), a disturbance-dependent native bamboo with both cultural and ecological significance. Ecologically, rivercane alters its local environments, boosts biodiversity and biomass, and protects streambanks from erosion and storm damage. Indigenous peoples of the Southeast have used rivercane for millennia, for material and cultural purposes, and formerly maintained its health and extent through harvesting and fire. Settler-colonial incursions largely destroyed rivercane, through the more intense disturbance of different land management practices, and brakes now exist mainly in relatively small areas. While numerous rivercane restoration projects are in process throughout its natural range, no comprehensive inventory of living rivercane exists. In this paper, we present both human context and the results of LiDAR analysis that identifies canebrakes based on the physical characteristics of the plant and brake. In our study area on the Little Tennessee River in western North Carolina, we found rivercane on about 9 percent of the floodplain area, based on QL1 LiDAR data available from the state of North Carolina. The technique can be applied in any part of rivercane’s range, and the resulting inventory used in support of both cultural and ecological goals.
{"title":"Using Lidar to Find the Southeast’s Remnant Rivercane","authors":"G. R. Dobbs, D. Styers","doi":"10.1353/sgo.0.a913117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.0.a913117","url":null,"abstract":"The floodplains of the Southeast’s stream network once hosted immense brakes of rivercane (Arundinaria gigantea), a disturbance-dependent native bamboo with both cultural and ecological significance. Ecologically, rivercane alters its local environments, boosts biodiversity and biomass, and protects streambanks from erosion and storm damage. Indigenous peoples of the Southeast have used rivercane for millennia, for material and cultural purposes, and formerly maintained its health and extent through harvesting and fire. Settler-colonial incursions largely destroyed rivercane, through the more intense disturbance of different land management practices, and brakes now exist mainly in relatively small areas. While numerous rivercane restoration projects are in process throughout its natural range, no comprehensive inventory of living rivercane exists. In this paper, we present both human context and the results of LiDAR analysis that identifies canebrakes based on the physical characteristics of the plant and brake. In our study area on the Little Tennessee River in western North Carolina, we found rivercane on about 9 percent of the floodplain area, based on QL1 LiDAR data available from the state of North Carolina. The technique can be applied in any part of rivercane’s range, and the resulting inventory used in support of both cultural and ecological goals.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"28 1","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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