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In praise of functional morals and ethics 赞美功能道德和伦理
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2225330
H. Richards
ABSTRACT Building on the moral economy of Andrew Sayer and Dave Elder-Vass, this article advocates for a functional (not functionalist) approach to morals and ethics, and consequently to economics. By choosing words responsibly it aims to be an example of the conscientious attitude it advocates. In the first section, I find that Andrew Sayer's approach dovetails with Pierre Macherey's – notably due to Sayer's linking of the biological dependency and vulnerability of humans to realist ethics, via the key word needs. Ditto for Dave Elder-Vass and Macherey for similar reasons. Simplifying, the second section examines the contrary of biological models of norms: juridical models of norms, especially Kant's jurisprudence and Leon Walras's pure economics. The third section, Les valeurs de la vie, showcases Elder-Vass on how to build a functional economy. Then it further supports Macherey's proposals drawing on two of his main sources, Michel Foucault and Georges Canguilhem.
摘要本文以Andrew Sayer和Dave Elder Vass的道德经济学为基础,主张对道德和伦理以及经济学采取功能主义(而非功能主义)的方法。通过负责任地措辞,它旨在成为其倡导的认真态度的典范。在第一节中,我发现Andrew Sayer的方法与Pierre Macherey的方法相吻合——特别是由于Sayer通过关键词需求将人类的生物依赖性和脆弱性与现实主义伦理联系起来。出于类似的原因,Dave Elder Vass和Macherey也是如此。简单地说,第二节考察了规范的生物学模型的反面:规范的司法模型,特别是康德的法理学和莱昂·沃拉斯的纯经济学。第三部分“生活的价值”展示了Elder Vass如何建立功能性经济。然后,它进一步支持马切雷的建议,借鉴了他的两个主要来源,米歇尔·福柯和乔治·坎吉勒姆。
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引用次数: 0
A realist evaluation of post-implementation modifications: a context-initiative-mechanism-outcome perspective 实施后修改的现实主义评估:情境-主动性-机制-结果视角
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217494
Taiwo Oseni, M. Rahim, Susan Foster
ABSTRACT This paper exemplifies a theoretical and methodological evaluation of IT Initiatives. It discusses post-implementation modifications (ERP-PIM) to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for the purpose of business process optimization (BPO) from a Context-Initiative-Mechanism-Outcome (CIMO) perspective. CIMO suggests that context and mechanisms are factors triggering causal effects responsible for outcomes derived from technology initiatives. Through conceptualization, data collection/analysis, and retroduction, the paper proposes a middle-range theory to facilitate the explanation of outcomes from diverse post-implementation initiatives. Data from multiple case study identifies situational and action-formation mechanisms, and actions as essential to realizing the desired outcomes. The proposed ERP-PIM-CIMO theory encapsulates: (i) Business Process Optimization (BPO) as context, (ii) ERP-PIM as structure, (iii) Business Process Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Flexibility as observable events, (iv) ERP capability as causal mechanism, (v) actions as necessary for the actualization of mechanism, and finally (vi) effort and cost, knowledge, and training as factors influencing actualization.
摘要本文举例说明了对IT计划的理论和方法评估。它从上下文倡议机制结果(CIMO)的角度讨论了企业资源规划(ERP)系统的实施后修改(ERP-PIM),以实现业务流程优化(BPO)。CIMO认为,背景和机制是引发因果效应的因素,对技术举措产生的结果负责。通过概念化、数据收集/分析和回溯,本文提出了一个中间范围理论,以便于解释不同实施后举措的结果。来自多个案例研究的数据确定了情景和行动形成机制,以及实现预期结果所必需的行动。所提出的ERP-PIM-CIMO理论概括了:(i)业务流程优化(BPO)作为上下文,(ii)ERP-PIM作为结构,(iii)业务流程效率、有效性和灵活性作为可观察事件,(iv)ERP能力作为因果机制,(v)机制实现所需的行动,最后(vi)努力和成本、知识,培训是影响实现的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Critical realism, the climate crisis and (de)growth 批判现实主义,气候危机和(去)增长
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217050
H. Buch‐Hansen, P. Nielsen
ABSTRACT What does it entail to study the climate crisis from – or consistently with – a critical realist perspective? The paper addresses this question in three steps. First, it considers the boundaries of critical realism in relation to climate crisis research. In this context it identifies climate science as a field that in important respects resonates implicitly with critical realism. Conversely, a book by human ecologist Andreas Malm is introduced as an example of a work that, while sympathetic to critical realism, in key respects contradicts core features of it. Second, to illustrate what an analysis of the crisis informed by critical realism can look like, the paper brings into focus the main causes of the climate crisis – including the capitalist growth imperative, neoliberalism, and consumer culture. Finally, the status quo project, the green growth project and the degrowth project are identified as fundamentally different ways of approaching the climate crisis.
从批判现实主义的角度研究气候危机需要什么?本文分三步解决了这个问题。首先,它考虑了与气候危机研究有关的批判现实主义的界限。在这种背景下,它将气候科学确定为一个在重要方面与批判现实主义隐含共鸣的领域。相反,人类生态学家安德烈亚斯·马尔姆(Andreas Malm)的一本书被作为一个作品的例子介绍给读者,尽管该书同情批判现实主义,但在关键方面却与它的核心特征相矛盾。其次,为了说明批判现实主义对危机的分析是什么样的,本文将气候危机的主要原因集中在一起——包括资本主义增长的必要性、新自由主义和消费文化。最后,现状项目、绿色增长项目和去增长项目被认为是处理气候危机的根本不同的方式。
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引用次数: 0
The contributions of scientific realism and critical realism to realist evaluation 科学现实主义和批判现实主义对现实主义评价的贡献
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217052
Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, D. D. De Souza, J. Eastwood
ABSTRACT Realist evaluation has gained prominence in the field of evaluation in recent years. Its theory-driven approach to explaining how and why programmes work or not makes it attractive to many novices, early career researchers, and organizations implementing various programmes globally and relevant to policymakers and programme implementers. While realist evaluation seeks to be pragmatic, adopting principles and methods that can be used to help focus an evaluation, its deep ontological and epistemological foundations make its application in real-life situations challenging. In this paper, we seek to unpack the key tenets scaffolding the practical application of realist evaluation. Although Pawson and Tilley foreground realist evaluation in applied scientific realism, we argue that an amalgam of scientific and critical realist principles underpins realist evaluation. We unpack these principles and illustrate how they fit into each other to provide a cogent theoretical foundation for realist evaluation.
近年来,现实主义评价在评价领域日益突出。它以理论为导向的方法来解释方案如何运作以及为什么运作,这对许多新手、早期职业研究人员和在全球实施各种方案的组织具有吸引力,并与政策制定者和方案实施者相关。虽然现实主义评价寻求务实,采用可用于帮助集中评价的原则和方法,但其深刻的本体论和认识论基础使其在现实生活中的应用具有挑战性。在本文中,我们试图解开支撑现实主义评价实际应用的关键原则。尽管Pawson和Tilley在应用科学现实主义中展望了现实主义评价,但我们认为,科学和批判现实主义原则的结合是现实主义评价的基础。我们对这些原则进行了解读,并说明了它们是如何相互融合的,为现实主义评价提供了有力的理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Critical realism and the ontology of Eco-Marxism between emergence and hybrid monism 批判现实主义与生态马克思主义本体论——介于萌芽与混合一元论之间
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2218205
F. Martín
ABSTRACT Eco-Marxism presents a debate between two theoretical schools: metabolic rift theory, developed by John Foster and others, and world-ecology, proposed by Jason W. Moore. The debate refers ultimately to ontology, more precisely to the relation between society and nature. Critical realism plays a central role as the philosophical underlabouring for metabolic rift theory and has implications regarding the Anthropocene/Capitalocene debate as well. Reviewing the debate through CR categories provides clarity about the specifically social character of the causes of ecological disruptions. Using CR, metabolic rift theorists could explain the interdisciplinary character of their analyses. By distinguishing between real transfactual mechanisms and their actual interaction in open systems, I intend to show that neither metabolic rift theory, nor its interdisciplinary approach to the Anthropocene, involve Cartesian Dualism, as Moore claims. World-Ecology provides an alternative historical account of capitalism's environmental history, but it does not critically replace metabolic rift theory.
生态马克思主义提出了两个理论流派之间的争论:由约翰·福斯特等人提出的代谢裂缝理论和杰森·w·摩尔提出的世界生态学。争论最终指向本体论,更确切地说,指向社会与自然的关系。批判现实主义作为代谢裂谷理论的哲学基础发挥着核心作用,对人类世/资本世的争论也有影响。通过社会责任分类来回顾这场辩论,可以清楚地了解生态破坏原因的具体社会特征。利用CR,代谢裂谷理论可以解释他们分析的跨学科特征。通过区分真正的跨事实机制和它们在开放系统中的实际相互作用,我打算表明,无论是代谢断裂理论,还是它对人类世的跨学科研究方法,都不像摩尔所说的那样涉及笛卡尔二元论。世界生态学提供了资本主义环境史的另一种历史解释,但它并没有批判性地取代代谢裂缝理论。
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引用次数: 0
Putting philosophy to work: developing the conceptual architecture of research projects 将哲学付诸实践:开发研究项目的概念架构
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217054
Adam J. Nichol, Catherine Hastings, Dave Elder-Vass
ABSTRACT Research necessarily entails the close interrelation of concepts and arguments, including solutions to a range of meta-questions, whether acknowledged explicitly or not. Despite this, few detailed accounts currently exist that support researchers to develop their complex conceptual architectures, especially in critical realist spheres. Indeed, many published accounts often omit much of this ‘messiness’ that sits behind, yet is foundational to, research projects. Those accounts that do seek to portray how/why researchers have made decisions (e.g. about connections between research philosophy, methodology, methods, theory and empirical evidence) tend to focus on one set of meta-questions, or occasionally on the relationships between two sets, at a time. Therefore, this paper presents a flexible framework – supported by specific examples from studies – that we hope will be useful in supporting researchers from all traditions, but especially critical realists, to carefully think through and develop more holistic connections in their conceptual architecture.
摘要研究必然需要概念和论点的密切相互关系,包括一系列元问题的解决方案,无论是否明确承认。尽管如此,目前很少有详细的描述支持研究人员开发他们复杂的概念架构,尤其是在批判性现实主义领域。事实上,许多已发表的报道往往忽略了研究项目背后的“混乱”,但这是研究项目的基础。那些试图描述研究人员如何/为什么做出决定的描述(例如,关于研究哲学、方法论、方法、理论和实证之间的联系)往往一次关注一组元问题,或者偶尔关注两组元问题之间的关系。因此,本文提出了一个灵活的框架——由研究的具体例子支持——我们希望这将有助于支持所有传统的研究人员,尤其是批判性现实主义者,在他们的概念架构中仔细思考并发展更全面的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Accounting for complexity in critical realist trials: the promise of PLS-SEM 批判现实主义审判复杂性的解释:PLS-SEM的前景
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217652
H. Singleton, S. Porter, J. Beavis, L. Falconer, J. Hernández, D. Holley
ABSTRACT Background: Randomized controlled trials have been criticized for their inability to identify and differentiate the causal mechanisms that generate the outcomes they measure. One solution is the development of realist trials that combine the empirical precision of trials' outcome data with realism's theoretical capacity to identify the powers that generate outcomes. Main Body: We review arguments for and against this position and conclude that critical realist trials are viable. Using the example of an evaluation of the educational effectiveness of virtual reality simulation, we explore whether Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling can move statistical analysis beyond correlational analysis to support realist identification of the mechanisms that generate correlations. Conclusion: We tentatively conclude that PLS-SEM, with its ability to identify ‘points of action’, has the potential to provide direction for researchers and practitioners in terms of how, for whom, when, where and in what circumstances an intervention has worked.
摘要背景:随机对照试验因无法识别和区分产生其测量结果的因果机制而受到批评。一个解决方案是开发现实主义试验,将试验结果数据的经验精度与现实主义识别产生结果的力量的理论能力相结合。主体:我们回顾了支持和反对这一立场的论点,并得出结论,批判性现实主义审判是可行的。通过评估虚拟现实模拟的教育有效性的例子,我们探讨了偏最小二乘结构方程建模是否可以将统计分析超越相关性分析,以支持现实主义地识别产生相关性的机制。结论:我们初步得出结论,PLS-SEM具有识别“行动点”的能力,有可能为研究人员和从业者提供干预措施如何、对谁、何时、何地以及在何种情况下起作用的指导。
{"title":"Accounting for complexity in critical realist trials: the promise of PLS-SEM","authors":"H. Singleton, S. Porter, J. Beavis, L. Falconer, J. Hernández, D. Holley","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2217652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2217652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Randomized controlled trials have been criticized for their inability to identify and differentiate the causal mechanisms that generate the outcomes they measure. One solution is the development of realist trials that combine the empirical precision of trials' outcome data with realism's theoretical capacity to identify the powers that generate outcomes. Main Body: We review arguments for and against this position and conclude that critical realist trials are viable. Using the example of an evaluation of the educational effectiveness of virtual reality simulation, we explore whether Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling can move statistical analysis beyond correlational analysis to support realist identification of the mechanisms that generate correlations. Conclusion: We tentatively conclude that PLS-SEM, with its ability to identify ‘points of action’, has the potential to provide direction for researchers and practitioners in terms of how, for whom, when, where and in what circumstances an intervention has worked.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42349038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Painting with natural pigments on drowning land: the necessity of beauty in a new economy 在淹没的土地上用天然颜料作画:新经济中美的必要性
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217056
Maria Jordet
ABSTRACT This article draws on insights of young people learning to make natural pigments and traditional paintings in acute climate vulnerable areas. Why do they paint during ongoing crises and how do they voice their future concerns? Critical realism is applied as a meta-theory in this field-based study in a slum area in Kolkata and the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Methods comprise focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. Analysis was done in an abductive process, applying Roy Bhaskar’s model of ‘four-planar social being’. The analysis demonstrates how painting with natural pigments leads the young ones towards: (a) discovering beauty in nature (b) transcendence of borders (c) transformation and responsible action (d) discovering one’s own dignity. Findings are discussed considering the key concepts co-presence and crisis system. I reflect upon how this local effort can inspire a new economy, with the signposts: becoming co-present with the natural world and the necessity of beauty.
摘要本文借鉴了年轻人在气候脆弱地区学习制作天然颜料和传统绘画的经验。他们为什么在持续的危机中作画,以及如何表达他们对未来的担忧?在这项基于实地的研究中,批判现实主义被作为一种元理论应用于加尔各答贫民窟和孙德尔本斯红树林。方法包括焦点小组、半结构化访谈和参与者观察。分析是在一个溯因过程中进行的,应用了罗伊·巴斯卡的“四平面社会存在”模型。该分析展示了用天然颜料绘画如何引导年轻人走向:(a)发现自然之美(b)超越边界(c)转变和负责任的行动(d)发现自己的尊严。讨论的结果考虑到共同存在和危机系统的关键概念。我反思了当地的努力如何激发一种新的经济,其标志是:与自然世界和美丽的必要性共存。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific realism and quantum theory: on the status of the ‘unobservables’ 科学实在论与量子理论:论“不可观测物”的地位
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217051
A Chakraborty
ABSTRACT Scientific realism does not view theoretical terms as mere instruments of experimental predictions; it grants referential status to natural kind terms with 'epistemic access' and view scientific theories and terms as corresponding to physical phenomena and entities which exist independently of observation, and as thereby being the source of objective -approximate and not absolute- knowledge of the physical realm. As a result, scientific realism is accused of ontologising the unobservables. Against this charge, scientific realism posits the idea of the dialectical relation between theoretical terms referring to the unobservables and scientific methods. The second argument made by realism is the ‘no miracle’ thesis. These arguments stand challenged by the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The aim of the paper is to examine the relevance of the two arguments of scientific realism in countering the idea that the existence of quantum states in the microphysical world renders realism obsolete.
科学实在论并不认为理论术语仅仅是实验预测的工具;它赋予具有“认识通路”的自然类术语参考地位,并将科学理论和术语视为与独立于观察而存在的物理现象和实体相对应,从而成为物理领域的客观-近似而非绝对-知识的来源。因此,科学现实主义被指责为对不可观察的事物进行本体论。针对这一指控,科学实在论提出了不可观测的理论术语与科学方法之间辩证关系的观点。现实主义提出的第二个论点是“没有奇迹”的论点。这些论点受到哥本哈根量子力学解释的挑战。本文的目的是检验科学实在论的两个论点在反驳量子态在微观物理世界中的存在使实在论过时的观点时的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
On integral theory: an exercise in dialectical critical realism 论整体理论:辩证批判现实主义的实践
IF 2.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217053
Iskra Núñez
ABSTRACT This article offers an omissive critique of integral theory. To this objective, the article draws upon dialectical logic to investigate the affinities between integral theory and critical realism. Section 1 identifies new possibilities regarding the role of metatheory in practice by unpacking the metatheoretical coordinates of critical realism and integral theory. After providing a brief history of the origins of critical realism and integral theory, I review the ontological, epistemological, and methodological metatheorems of dialectical critical realism, and I put them to work to provide an omissive critique of integral theory. Then I introduce the notion of strictly non-dialectic because it functions to explain formally how integral theory relates to critical realism. Section 2 isolates the inadequacies at every moment in the passage from the MELD dialectic. Section 3 concludes the article with a discussion of the implications of foregrounding a critical realist ontology for integral theory.
摘要本文对积分理论提出了一个漏洞百出的批评。为此,本文运用辩证逻辑研究了整体理论与批判现实主义的密切关系。第一节通过打开批判实在论和积分理论的元理论坐标,确定了元理论在实践中作用的新可能性。在简要介绍了批判现实主义和积分理论的起源之后,我回顾了辩证批判现实主义的本体论、认识论和方法论元定理,并将它们付诸实践,以提供对积分理论的遗漏性批判。然后我引入了严格非辩证法的概念,因为它的作用是正式解释积分理论如何与批判实在论相联系。第2节将文章中每一个时刻的不足之处从MELD辩证法中分离出来。第三节讨论了批判现实主义本体论对整体理论的启示。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Critical Realism
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