Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2259671
Mervyn Hartwig
"Comment on the roundtable discussion ‘Does critical realism need the concept of three domains of reality?’." Journal of Critical Realism, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Notes1 For a discussion of the difference between orthodox and original critical realism see Hartwig's (2009) article ‘“Orthodox” Critical Realism and the Critical Realist Embrace’ in Journal of Critical Realism 8 (2): 233–257.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2256109
Michalis Christodoulou
ABSTRACTThis article provides a critical realist (CR) alternative to the standard approaches to Thematic Analysis (TA) in qualitative research, namely the Braun-Clarke approach (reflexivity while coding themes), the Attride-Sterling approach (clustering basic, global and organizing themes), and Boyatzis' approach (clarifying criteria for assessing the absence/presence of themes in the raw material). In the CR traditions, the experiential themes /inferential themes /dispositional themes and the data/codes/themes distinctions have been proposed recently as the methodological device for answering the question “what is the theme”. The aim of this article is threefold. First, I bring to light the inconsistencies of the non-CR approaches to TA, second, I discuss critically the CR approaches to TA and finally I offer a CR-based approach to TA which builds upon them by introducing specific innovations from social network analysis which make abductive and retroductive reasoning a shareable procedure for answering “what is the theme?”.KEYWORDS: Connectingabstractionthematic analysisrelational mapone-mode network Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"The four C’s model of thematic analysis. A critical realist perspective","authors":"Michalis Christodoulou","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2256109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2256109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article provides a critical realist (CR) alternative to the standard approaches to Thematic Analysis (TA) in qualitative research, namely the Braun-Clarke approach (reflexivity while coding themes), the Attride-Sterling approach (clustering basic, global and organizing themes), and Boyatzis' approach (clarifying criteria for assessing the absence/presence of themes in the raw material). In the CR traditions, the experiential themes /inferential themes /dispositional themes and the data/codes/themes distinctions have been proposed recently as the methodological device for answering the question “what is the theme”. The aim of this article is threefold. First, I bring to light the inconsistencies of the non-CR approaches to TA, second, I discuss critically the CR approaches to TA and finally I offer a CR-based approach to TA which builds upon them by introducing specific innovations from social network analysis which make abductive and retroductive reasoning a shareable procedure for answering “what is the theme?”.KEYWORDS: Connectingabstractionthematic analysisrelational mapone-mode network Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2253608
Carl Auerbach
ABSTRACTThis paper addresses a question posed by the increase of democratic backsliding: whether democracy itself is compatible with human nature. It analyses democracy as a layered system consisting of three levels: the political/institutional, the social/interactional and the psychological/intrapsychic. At each level it uses evolutionary theory to describes features of a ‘light side’ of human nature that makes democracy possible, and of a ‘dark side’ of human nature that leads to democratic backsliding. At the political/institutional level these features are the reduction of reactive aggression and the capacity for the intragroup stranger. At the social/interactional level they are the cultural evolution of cooperative norms and an inclusive group identity. At the psychological/intrapsychic level they are the coherent, continuous positive self-experiences produced by shared positive emotions. However, these mechanisms can misfire at each level, producing the dark side that leads to democratic backsliding.KEYWORDS: Democracydemocratic backslidingcritical realismgroup selection theorycultural evolutioncooperation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The terms ‘light side’ and ‘dark side’ are used in this paper as an expository device. Although they do have a binary form, they should not be taken as suggesting that any particular political action can be simply fit into one category or the other. A more nuanced language that is beyond the scope of this footnote to elaborate is based on the big history tradition (Christian Citation2018). According to this tradition, human evolution is the result of collective learning, that is, group collaboration to develop and share concepts and information (Christian Citation2018). Patomaki, elaborates this basic thesis by distinguishing between progressive collective learning and pathological collective learning (Patomäki and Morgan Citation2023). Progressive collective learning involves learning processes that increase the learning capacity of a system, whereas pathological collective learning involves processes that reduce the system’s learning capacity. Put in these terms, the light side of human nature is the processes that increase our species capacity to collaborate, and the dark side is processes that reduce this capacity.2 A standard critical realist concept of structure and levels involves their ontology. A high-level structure exists when it emerges from complex interactions between activities of the entities constituting that structure. The higher-level structure then acts on its constituents by means of downward causation (Bhaskar Citation2016). Archer’s morphogenetic theory offers an example of this when Archer opposes analysing social structure as nothing but a global description of the agents who occupy that structure (Archer and Morgan Citation2020). My own view is that the levels theorized in this paper are emergent from the levels below them
摘要本文探讨了民主倒退愈演愈烈所带来的一个问题:民主本身是否符合人性?它将民主分析为一个由三个层面组成的分层系统:政治/制度，社会/互动和心理/内在。在每一个层面上，它都使用进化论来描述人性中使民主成为可能的“光明面”和导致民主倒退的“黑暗面”的特征。在政治/制度层面上，这些特征是反应性攻击的减少和群体内陌生人的能力。在社会/互动层面，它们是合作规范和包容性群体认同的文化演变。在心理/心理层面，它们是由共同的积极情绪产生的连贯、持续的积极自我体验。然而，这些机制在每个层面上都可能失灵，产生导致民主倒退的阴暗面。关键词:民主;民主倒退;批判现实主义;群体选择理论;注1:本文使用“光明面”和“黑暗面”这两个术语作为一种说明性的手段。虽然它们确实有一种二元形式，但它们不应被视为暗示任何特定的政治行动可以简单地归入一类或另一类。一种更微妙的语言，超出了这个脚注的范围，是基于大的历史传统(Christian Citation2018)。根据这一传统，人类进化是集体学习的结果，即群体合作发展和共享概念和信息(Christian Citation2018)。Patomaki通过区分渐进式集体学习和病理性集体学习来阐述这一基本论点(Patomäki和Morgan Citation2023)。渐进式集体学习涉及提高系统学习能力的学习过程，而病态集体学习涉及降低系统学习能力的过程。换句话说，人性光明的一面是增强我们这个物种合作能力的过程，而黑暗的一面是削弱这种能力的过程标准的批判现实主义的结构和层次概念涉及到它们的本体论。当一个高级结构从构成该结构的实体的活动之间的复杂交互中出现时，它就存在了。更高层次的结构然后通过向下的因果关系作用于其组成部分(Bhaskar Citation2016)。阿彻的形态发生理论提供了一个例子，阿彻反对将社会结构分析仅仅作为占据该结构的主体的全局描述(阿彻和摩根引文2020)。我个人的观点是，本文中理论的层次是从它们下面的层次中涌现出来的。例如，社会/互动层面的社会身份来自于个体在心理/内在心理层面的互动。此外，这些社会身份会影响个人心理。然而，一些读者可能会认为这种级别概念过于简单化和分层(参见Patomäki和Morgan Citation2023)。如果读者也有同样的疑问，那么本文中所描述的层次可能被视为对复杂的民主制度提供了有用的描述。关于水平和涌现的另一个分析见Bunge (Citation2004)将民主定义为一种处理冲突的机制是一种极其狭隘的定义，似乎仅仅从政治行动的角度来定义民主，而没有提到经济民主。因此，这个定义往好里说是有限的，往坏里说是不充分的。特别是一些马克思主义理论家认为，在资本主义制度下，民主是不可能的。另一种与本文观点一致的观点是，民主社会契约允许公民选择一种他们认为有益的经济制度。例如，马克思主义经济学家理查德·沃尔夫(Richard Wolff)在他的著作《工作中的民主:治愈资本主义》(Wolff引文2012)中认为，政治民主可以以工人自主企业的形式导致经济民主。本文对社会/互动和心理/心理层面机制的分析，可能有助于将这些企业的运作方式理论化。这一建议与Jessop对Poulantzis和马克思的解读是一致的，即权力可以从社会关系的角度来分析(Jessop and Morgan Citation2022)本文对民主的定义似乎排除了直接行动，如大规模抗议与民主不相容，而是民主倒退的实例。事实并非如此。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2251238
Vibeke Samsonsen, Inger Kristin Heggdalsvik
This paper argues the case for taking a critical realist (CR) approach to social work research. The normativity in social work is often under-communicated in the social sciences, resulting in research that has an unclear value base as its starting point. Social work practice promotes social change and people's development, empowerment, and liberation. By taking a CR of view as a starting point for researching social problems, the focus shifts towards explaining phenomena by revealing and discussing the mechanisms through which they are produced and maintained. Child welfare issues are argued to be “wicked problems”, on top of which the practice of social work itself is a complex field. Two studies from the field of child and family welfare are presented here to illustrate how CR has been fruitfully applied in research on such complex phenomena. These two studies comprise research on child protection assessment and parental high conflict.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2251816
Juan David Parra
ABSTRACTThis article advocates for the validity of Realist Evaluation (RE) as a manifestation of Critical Realism in evaluation research despite criticisms suggesting that the former disregards principles from Bhaskarian ontology. Specifically, I argue that critics overstate RE's philosophical actualism in their argument that its inclination towards technocratic knowledge impedes its scrutiny of stratified social systems. Notwithstanding its limitations in fully elucidating causal structural mechanisms in social inquiry, I argue that RE's research rationale can contribute to the stages of explanatory research based on CR by bridging the comprehension of mechanisms linked to micro-interventions with exploring potential structural forces operating across levels of reality. To illustrate this point, I present a case of a policy evaluation study I led that demonstrates how a RE-oriented research design facilitated a transition from investigating specific programme mechanisms within the interventions' context to proposing transcendental questions about the governance of the education system in Colombia.KEYWORDS: Realist evaluationstratificationactualismstructure and agencycausality AcknowledgementsMany of the ideas in the article emerged from valuable discussions during the IACR 2022 annual critical realism conference held in The Hague, The Netherlands. I was fortunate to have Margaret Archer, the influential and inspiring CR scholar who sadly died this year, as part of the audience during my presentation of a preliminary version of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Roy Bhaskar is considered a founder of this philosophical tradition (Maisuria and Banfield Citation2022).2 Retroduction, as a mode of reasoning, is central to CR. I define this concept and will refer to this argument later in the article.3 Indeed, in his Realist Manifesto, Pawson (Citation2013) presents Bhaskar’s Realist Theory of Science—published in the late 1970s—as one of the foremost intellectual precursors of RE.4 Consequently, RE scholars maintain that mainstream approaches to programme assessment, like impact evaluation (highly deductive) or constructivist case studies (highly inductive), do not offer sufficient guidance for comprehensive scrutiny of programme mechanisms (Tikly Citation2015).5 As RE scholars explain, these hypotheses may arise through the examination of various sources, such as pertinent empirical or academic literature addressing the phenomena of interest. Additionally, discussions with specific stakeholders, such as programme designers or implementers, can help distil potential explanations for why particular interventions may be effective in specific contexts.6 That is, practising a social science that ‘necessarily takes the form of explanatory critique and so directly impinges on the project of human emancipation from reproduced structures of domination that constrain our essential freedom’ (Bh
值得注意的是，这种分层理论的概念与Bhaskar和Danermark (Citation2006)早先提出的分层系统的概念相呼应，该概念概念化了因果解释如何考虑“与现实的不同层次或方面相对应的多种机制，这些机制可能具有根本不同的类型(并可能划分不同学科的位置)”(288)Bhaskar (Citation2016)将溯因法定义为“涉及重新描述或重新语境化的推理模式，最常见的是(在批判现实主义研究中)在解释所提到的状态、条件或事件的因果机制或过程方面”(79)正如Sorinola等人(Citation2017)进一步阐明的那样，在可再生能源的背景下，包括在倡议实施时存在的更广泛的历史、文化、经济、地理和结构因素，其中包括个人(利益相关者的特征和能力);人际关系(关系);制度设置(规则、规范和习俗)和基础设施系统(更广泛的社会、经济和文化环境)在这一点上，值得一提的是，Alderson (Citation2021)对RE的部分批评强调了它缺乏对批判理论的承诺，因此未能“促进正义和平等”(34)。然而，这种对特定价值的先验承诺的概念似乎与巴斯卡尔本人相矛盾。考虑一下，例如，下面的引用:“对于批判现实主义，解释理论暗示，而不是(如霍克海默和哈贝马斯)预设，对解放的承诺。因此，我们不需要以我们对解放的兴趣来开始我们对解释机制的探索;相反，我们对解放的兴趣可以从搜索中产生”(Bhaskar Citation2016, 101)。因此，支持分层本体论的承诺，而不是明确的价值观宣言，赋予了可再生能源为解放导向的研究做出贡献的内在潜力JU代表乔丹Única.18正如Manzano (Citation2016)所解释的那样，“在第一组访谈中提出的问题将主要是探索性的，这些问题的措辞应该试图确定该计划如何为谁以及在什么情况下工作。”探究背景的问题可能会询问受访者在项目实施之前/期间/之后的经历。例如:“在项目实施之前，你的工作有什么不同?”、“这个新项目对每个人都适用吗?”、“你能给我解释一下你认为在哪些人群和哪些地方使用这种方法会更有效吗?”(Manzano Citation2016, 354)补充信息:作者juan David Parra juan David Parra是哥伦比亚北方大学教育研究所的助理教授。他参与了几项评价研究，是拉丁美洲现实主义评价(教育)的先驱。2022年，他加入了一个由圣母大学领导的国际联盟，担任美国国际开发署“支持整体和可操作的教育研究”(SHARE)倡议的技术顾问，该倡议旨在推进中低收入国家的教育学习重点。他的作品发表在《第三世界季刊》、《英国教育社会学杂志》、《国际教育发展杂志》和《国际教育定性研究杂志》等同行评议期刊上。他还在NORRAG(教育培训国际政策与合作网络)最近编辑的《国际教育与发展中的系统思考》一书中贡献了一章(爱德华·埃尔加出版社，2023年)。他拥有鹿特丹伊拉斯谟大学国际社会研究所发展研究博士学位。
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Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2237341
Li Li, Jing Wang, Samrat Hazra
ABSTRACT In the discourse of value-laden tourism research, knowledge about the mechanisms that manifest civilized tourism is limited. This paper uses empirical research as a basis from which to explore the generative powers of civilized tourism at the structural level of society. It identifies the structural properties of civilized tourism and five situational logics. Civilized tourism is related to civility, China’s Dream, and social etiquette. These other ideas provide a condition for civilized tourism to exist. All the situational logics function to co-determine the nature of civilized tourism in the cultural system. Based on the findings, it concludes that the call for civilized tourism in China provides a condition for the formation of ethicality in tourism, which is not reducible to tourism stakeholders. The formation of ethicality is conditioned by the product of past socio-cultural interactions whilst engineered by the protective and corrective situational logics of the idealizations taking place in the present time.
{"title":"A realist analysis of civilized tourism in China: a cultural structural perspective","authors":"Li Li, Jing Wang, Samrat Hazra","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2237341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2237341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the discourse of value-laden tourism research, knowledge about the mechanisms that manifest civilized tourism is limited. This paper uses empirical research as a basis from which to explore the generative powers of civilized tourism at the structural level of society. It identifies the structural properties of civilized tourism and five situational logics. Civilized tourism is related to civility, China’s Dream, and social etiquette. These other ideas provide a condition for civilized tourism to exist. All the situational logics function to co-determine the nature of civilized tourism in the cultural system. Based on the findings, it concludes that the call for civilized tourism in China provides a condition for the formation of ethicality in tourism, which is not reducible to tourism stakeholders. The formation of ethicality is conditioned by the product of past socio-cultural interactions whilst engineered by the protective and corrective situational logics of the idealizations taking place in the present time.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":"22 1","pages":"692 - 719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2229180
Senem Sanal-Erginel, S. Kuter
ABSTRACT Critical realism is a valuable philosophical stance in providing an in-depth analysis of multi-dimensional and multi-layered relationships in social science. Considering the scarcity of studies on this philosophical framework in social science, this study aimed, from multiple viewpoints, to examine the multi-faceted and multi-stratified experiences, events, structures, and mechanisms underlying democratic school climate in primary school education in Northern Cyprus, through a critical realist philosophical stance. The analysis of the data obtained from teachers, headteachers, and students in five state schools revealed that certain factors limited the opportunities for achieving a democratic school culture. The inadequacy of the education system manifested itself in various forms at the empirical level and therefore affected the climates of the participating schools. The fragmented governance, the pressure of the college entrance examination, and the lack of integration of the newly arrived migrants were found to be influencing the climate in the participating schools.
{"title":"In search of a democratic school culture: an analysis from the lenses of critical realism","authors":"Senem Sanal-Erginel, S. Kuter","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2229180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2229180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Critical realism is a valuable philosophical stance in providing an in-depth analysis of multi-dimensional and multi-layered relationships in social science. Considering the scarcity of studies on this philosophical framework in social science, this study aimed, from multiple viewpoints, to examine the multi-faceted and multi-stratified experiences, events, structures, and mechanisms underlying democratic school climate in primary school education in Northern Cyprus, through a critical realist philosophical stance. The analysis of the data obtained from teachers, headteachers, and students in five state schools revealed that certain factors limited the opportunities for achieving a democratic school culture. The inadequacy of the education system manifested itself in various forms at the empirical level and therefore affected the climates of the participating schools. The fragmented governance, the pressure of the college entrance examination, and the lack of integration of the newly arrived migrants were found to be influencing the climate in the participating schools.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":"22 1","pages":"605 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2229179
Richard Bärnthaler, Corinna Dengler
ABSTRACT Using an (eco-)feminist Marxist-Polanyian theoretical lens, this article explores the diverse relations between contemporary care-crisis symptoms in Western Europe and its generative structures. It investigates the potential of three possible responses to the crisis to transform rather than reproduce these structures: (un)conditional cash transfers, universal basic services, and time politics. Drawing upon critical realism and the evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection, and retention, we seek to make sense of the dynamic between competing crisis construals and their effects on actuality. To answer our research question What are the transformative potentials of different responses to the contemporary care crisis in Western Europe?, we move from meta-theoretical abstractions to a theoretically grounded, concrete application of critical realism in the social sciences. We conclude that a symbiosis of time politics and universal basic services together with a universal, but not unconditional, guaranteed (minimum) income offers substantial transformative potentials.
{"title":"Universal basic income, services, or time politics? A critical realist analysis of (potentially) transformative responses to the care crisis","authors":"Richard Bärnthaler, Corinna Dengler","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2229179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2229179","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using an (eco-)feminist Marxist-Polanyian theoretical lens, this article explores the diverse relations between contemporary care-crisis symptoms in Western Europe and its generative structures. It investigates the potential of three possible responses to the crisis to transform rather than reproduce these structures: (un)conditional cash transfers, universal basic services, and time politics. Drawing upon critical realism and the evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection, and retention, we seek to make sense of the dynamic between competing crisis construals and their effects on actuality. To answer our research question What are the transformative potentials of different responses to the contemporary care crisis in Western Europe?, we move from meta-theoretical abstractions to a theoretically grounded, concrete application of critical realism in the social sciences. We conclude that a symbiosis of time politics and universal basic services together with a universal, but not unconditional, guaranteed (minimum) income offers substantial transformative potentials.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":"22 1","pages":"670 - 691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48518089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2225330
H. Richards
ABSTRACT Building on the moral economy of Andrew Sayer and Dave Elder-Vass, this article advocates for a functional (not functionalist) approach to morals and ethics, and consequently to economics. By choosing words responsibly it aims to be an example of the conscientious attitude it advocates. In the first section, I find that Andrew Sayer's approach dovetails with Pierre Macherey's – notably due to Sayer's linking of the biological dependency and vulnerability of humans to realist ethics, via the key word needs. Ditto for Dave Elder-Vass and Macherey for similar reasons. Simplifying, the second section examines the contrary of biological models of norms: juridical models of norms, especially Kant's jurisprudence and Leon Walras's pure economics. The third section, Les valeurs de la vie, showcases Elder-Vass on how to build a functional economy. Then it further supports Macherey's proposals drawing on two of his main sources, Michel Foucault and Georges Canguilhem.
{"title":"In praise of functional morals and ethics","authors":"H. Richards","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2225330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2225330","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Building on the moral economy of Andrew Sayer and Dave Elder-Vass, this article advocates for a functional (not functionalist) approach to morals and ethics, and consequently to economics. By choosing words responsibly it aims to be an example of the conscientious attitude it advocates. In the first section, I find that Andrew Sayer's approach dovetails with Pierre Macherey's – notably due to Sayer's linking of the biological dependency and vulnerability of humans to realist ethics, via the key word needs. Ditto for Dave Elder-Vass and Macherey for similar reasons. Simplifying, the second section examines the contrary of biological models of norms: juridical models of norms, especially Kant's jurisprudence and Leon Walras's pure economics. The third section, Les valeurs de la vie, showcases Elder-Vass on how to build a functional economy. Then it further supports Macherey's proposals drawing on two of his main sources, Michel Foucault and Georges Canguilhem.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":"22 1","pages":"626 - 644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48920694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2023.2217494
Taiwo Oseni, M. Rahim, Susan Foster
ABSTRACT This paper exemplifies a theoretical and methodological evaluation of IT Initiatives. It discusses post-implementation modifications (ERP-PIM) to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for the purpose of business process optimization (BPO) from a Context-Initiative-Mechanism-Outcome (CIMO) perspective. CIMO suggests that context and mechanisms are factors triggering causal effects responsible for outcomes derived from technology initiatives. Through conceptualization, data collection/analysis, and retroduction, the paper proposes a middle-range theory to facilitate the explanation of outcomes from diverse post-implementation initiatives. Data from multiple case study identifies situational and action-formation mechanisms, and actions as essential to realizing the desired outcomes. The proposed ERP-PIM-CIMO theory encapsulates: (i) Business Process Optimization (BPO) as context, (ii) ERP-PIM as structure, (iii) Business Process Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Flexibility as observable events, (iv) ERP capability as causal mechanism, (v) actions as necessary for the actualization of mechanism, and finally (vi) effort and cost, knowledge, and training as factors influencing actualization.
{"title":"A realist evaluation of post-implementation modifications: a context-initiative-mechanism-outcome perspective","authors":"Taiwo Oseni, M. Rahim, Susan Foster","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2217494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2217494","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper exemplifies a theoretical and methodological evaluation of IT Initiatives. It discusses post-implementation modifications (ERP-PIM) to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for the purpose of business process optimization (BPO) from a Context-Initiative-Mechanism-Outcome (CIMO) perspective. CIMO suggests that context and mechanisms are factors triggering causal effects responsible for outcomes derived from technology initiatives. Through conceptualization, data collection/analysis, and retroduction, the paper proposes a middle-range theory to facilitate the explanation of outcomes from diverse post-implementation initiatives. Data from multiple case study identifies situational and action-formation mechanisms, and actions as essential to realizing the desired outcomes. The proposed ERP-PIM-CIMO theory encapsulates: (i) Business Process Optimization (BPO) as context, (ii) ERP-PIM as structure, (iii) Business Process Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Flexibility as observable events, (iv) ERP capability as causal mechanism, (v) actions as necessary for the actualization of mechanism, and finally (vi) effort and cost, knowledge, and training as factors influencing actualization.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":"22 1","pages":"645 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46603829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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