Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.75
Rebecca J. Atencio, F. Sanglard
Despite Jair Bolsonaro’s persistent efforts to undermine public trust in the 2022 election results, his defeat was upheld and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva returned to the presidency. But the subsequent storming of government offices by Bolsonaro’s supporters, along with other challenges facing Lula, left the country at an uncertain juncture.
{"title":"A Victory for Democracy in Brazil?","authors":"Rebecca J. Atencio, F. Sanglard","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.75","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Jair Bolsonaro’s persistent efforts to undermine public trust in the 2022 election results, his defeat was upheld and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva returned to the presidency. But the subsequent storming of government offices by Bolsonaro’s supporters, along with other challenges facing Lula, left the country at an uncertain juncture.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.43
Juliana Restrepo Sanín
Rates of gender-based violence in Latin America are high, but so is the number of women in national parliaments. This article analyzes that apparent paradox, paying attention to feminist and women’s rights mobilization in the region, the role of women in politics, and the development of legislation to address violence against women. Despite a comprehensive reshaping of the legal landscape, there are significant challenges to the implementation of these laws, including violence against women in politics. But feminist transnational activism continues to call for action.
{"title":"Women’s Empowerment and Fight against Violence in Latin America","authors":"Juliana Restrepo Sanín","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.43","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of gender-based violence in Latin America are high, but so is the number of women in national parliaments. This article analyzes that apparent paradox, paying attention to feminist and women’s rights mobilization in the region, the role of women in politics, and the development of legislation to address violence against women. Despite a comprehensive reshaping of the legal landscape, there are significant challenges to the implementation of these laws, including violence against women in politics. But feminist transnational activism continues to call for action.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87439863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.49
B. Bull, Antulio Rosales
After a deterioration of democratic conditions in Venezuela, in 2017 the United States intensified its sanctions imposed on the regime of Nicolás Maduro. The sanctions failed to topple the regime, but they accelerated the transformation of the Venezuelan economy. To counter the sanctions, Maduro carried out substantive economic policy changes, resulting in the emergence of a neo-patrimonial and authoritarian form of capitalism. In this new model, private ownership is the rule, and economic agents operate for profit. Yet there is frequent state intervention that denies individuals’ fundamental political and economic rights, and the purpose of laws and regulations is ensuring regime survival.
{"title":"How Sanctions Led to Authoritarian Capitalism in Venezuela","authors":"B. Bull, Antulio Rosales","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.49","url":null,"abstract":"After a deterioration of democratic conditions in Venezuela, in 2017 the United States intensified its sanctions imposed on the regime of Nicolás Maduro. The sanctions failed to topple the regime, but they accelerated the transformation of the Venezuelan economy. To counter the sanctions, Maduro carried out substantive economic policy changes, resulting in the emergence of a neo-patrimonial and authoritarian form of capitalism. In this new model, private ownership is the rule, and economic agents operate for profit. Yet there is frequent state intervention that denies individuals’ fundamental political and economic rights, and the purpose of laws and regulations is ensuring regime survival.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83140867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.56
Hope Bastian
The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded a crisis of legitimacy for Cuba’s first leader of the post-Castro era. The initial pandemic response, relying on lockdowns, was effective but worsened the country’s economic problems. Then a wave of infections driven by a new variant of the virus overwhelmed the celebrated public health system. Instead of acknowledging citizens’ sacrifices and grievances, the government has sought to discredit dissent. But there have been protests of unprecedented scale, and hundreds of thousands of Cubans have left the country since the borders reopened in late 2021.
{"title":"Cuba’s Pandemic Crisis","authors":"Hope Bastian","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.56","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded a crisis of legitimacy for Cuba’s first leader of the post-Castro era. The initial pandemic response, relying on lockdowns, was effective but worsened the country’s economic problems. Then a wave of infections driven by a new variant of the virus overwhelmed the celebrated public health system. Instead of acknowledging citizens’ sacrifices and grievances, the government has sought to discredit dissent. But there have been protests of unprecedented scale, and hundreds of thousands of Cubans have left the country since the borders reopened in late 2021.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.63
Virginia Garrard
Guatemala is the most Protestant country in Latin America, with a rising population of Pentecostals. Although evangelicals have had substantial social and political influence for decades—one of them was a military dictator at the height of the country’s civil war in the early 1980s, and was later tried for genocide—many remain ambivalent about direct engagement with secular power. Instead, evangelical groups have been active in addressing gaps left by the state in a society struggling with violence, in areas such as education, social services, and security.
{"title":"Pentecostalism and Power in Guatemala","authors":"Virginia Garrard","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.63","url":null,"abstract":"Guatemala is the most Protestant country in Latin America, with a rising population of Pentecostals. Although evangelicals have had substantial social and political influence for decades—one of them was a military dictator at the height of the country’s civil war in the early 1980s, and was later tried for genocide—many remain ambivalent about direct engagement with secular power. Instead, evangelical groups have been active in addressing gaps left by the state in a society struggling with violence, in areas such as education, social services, and security.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89097288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.36
M. Bentley
Even political actors who disregard the international consensus against aggressive war may still fear the taboos surrounding the most powerful weapons.
即使是无视反对侵略战争的国际共识的政治行为者，也可能仍然害怕围绕最强大武器的禁忌。
{"title":"Putin, Taboos, and Weapons of Mass Destruction","authors":"M. Bentley","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.36","url":null,"abstract":"Even political actors who disregard the international consensus against aggressive war may still fear the taboos surrounding the most powerful weapons.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88623896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some nongovernmental organizations have gone beyond advocacy or delivering aid, conducting investigations to help enforce international law. The activities of the most aggressive groups themselves may exceed legal bounds.
{"title":"Taking the Law into Their Own Hands?","authors":"S. Stroup","doi":"10.4324/9781315241883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315241883","url":null,"abstract":"Some nongovernmental organizations have gone beyond advocacy or delivering aid, conducting investigations to help enforce international law. The activities of the most aggressive groups themselves may exceed legal bounds.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87351629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.9
Layna Mosley, B. Rosendorff
Following the 2008 global financial crisis, years of low interest rates provided a rare opportunity for many developing nations to borrow in international markets—whether issuing bonds in their own currencies, securing loans from private-sector banks and commodity traders, or borrowing from China, which emerged as a dominant official creditor. Developing countries’ overall external debt rose to a record level during this period. As central banks raise interest rates sharply to counter a global rise in inflation, many of these countries are at risk of default. The mix of public and private creditors and the opacity of many loan terms make it difficult to coordinate restructuring. The key factor may be domestic politics.
{"title":"The Unfolding Sovereign Debt Crisis","authors":"Layna Mosley, B. Rosendorff","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.9","url":null,"abstract":"Following the 2008 global financial crisis, years of low interest rates provided a rare opportunity for many developing nations to borrow in international markets—whether issuing bonds in their own currencies, securing loans from private-sector banks and commodity traders, or borrowing from China, which emerged as a dominant official creditor. Developing countries’ overall external debt rose to a record level during this period. As central banks raise interest rates sharply to counter a global rise in inflation, many of these countries are at risk of default. The mix of public and private creditors and the opacity of many loan terms make it difficult to coordinate restructuring. The key factor may be domestic politics.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80418654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.15
Pawel Popiel
In the past few years, efforts to regulate digital platform services have grown in analytical sophistication, acquired political momentum, and started to produce legislative and regulatory interventions. The emerging policy frameworks—which tend to focus on content, data, and market power concerns—show degrees of variation, by region and by policy domain, and reflect various normative and policy goals. This essay examines their underlying policy goals, normative commitments, and the tensions and trade-offs they present.
{"title":"The Push to Regulate Digital Markets and Services","authors":"Pawel Popiel","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.15","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few years, efforts to regulate digital platform services have grown in analytical sophistication, acquired political momentum, and started to produce legislative and regulatory interventions. The emerging policy frameworks—which tend to focus on content, data, and market power concerns—show degrees of variation, by region and by policy domain, and reflect various normative and policy goals. This essay examines their underlying policy goals, normative commitments, and the tensions and trade-offs they present.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90155465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.3
T. V. Paul
The post-Cold War era witnessed intense globalization, evident in expanding links between countries in economic, technological, demographic, and cultural areas. Today there is increasing fear that globalization is being replaced by rising nationalism, protectionism, territorial aggrandizement, and a new form of Cold War marked by contestation over great power spheres of influence. Although many tendencies to deglobalization are present, they have not yet brought about a complete breakdown of the globalization process, and the power of antiglobalization forces may be overstated. Parallel trends suggest that a form of “truncated globalization” may be emerging, even as antiglobalization backlashes continue in some domains.
{"title":"The Specter of Deglobalization","authors":"T. V. Paul","doi":"10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.3","url":null,"abstract":"The post-Cold War era witnessed intense globalization, evident in expanding links between countries in economic, technological, demographic, and cultural areas. Today there is increasing fear that globalization is being replaced by rising nationalism, protectionism, territorial aggrandizement, and a new form of Cold War marked by contestation over great power spheres of influence. Although many tendencies to deglobalization are present, they have not yet brought about a complete breakdown of the globalization process, and the power of antiglobalization forces may be overstated. Parallel trends suggest that a form of “truncated globalization” may be emerging, even as antiglobalization backlashes continue in some domains.","PeriodicalId":45614,"journal":{"name":"Current History","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87462963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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