Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1823631
Tesfaye Bayu
Abstract Agriculture is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, derived from livestock farming (enteric fermentation and manure management) and emissions from agricultural soils (i.e. application of excessive N fertilizers and decomposition of organic material). The review covers contribution of integrated fertility management to mitigate climate change and sustain agricultural production. Combined application of farmyard manure and mineral fertilizer is very economical than sole NP application in maintaining sustainable agricultural productivity. Maximum sustained crop production (2.88 t/ha) was obtained when 69 kg of NP fertilizer was applied with 10 t/ha farmyard manure. Combined application of tie ridge, farmyard manure and NP fertilizer contribute for agricultural sustainability. Applying integrated soil fertility increase total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil for agricultural sustainability. The highest carbon (12 mg/kg) was sequestered when farmyard manure was applied with NP fertilizer on maize and wheat cropped alfisoils. Application of integrated fertility management reduces N2O emissions by increase nitrogen-use efficiency. Application of animal manure and NPK fertilizer reduce CH4 into the atmosphere contributing for climate change mitigation. Integrated soil fertility management improves soil fertility contributing for agricultural sustainability. Crop yield was improved by application of integrated fertility management which sustains agriculture. Integrated soil fertility management was on option for climate change mitigation.
{"title":"Review on contribution of integrated soil fertility management for climate change mitigation and agricultural sustainability","authors":"Tesfaye Bayu","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1823631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1823631","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agriculture is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, derived from livestock farming (enteric fermentation and manure management) and emissions from agricultural soils (i.e. application of excessive N fertilizers and decomposition of organic material). The review covers contribution of integrated fertility management to mitigate climate change and sustain agricultural production. Combined application of farmyard manure and mineral fertilizer is very economical than sole NP application in maintaining sustainable agricultural productivity. Maximum sustained crop production (2.88 t/ha) was obtained when 69 kg of NP fertilizer was applied with 10 t/ha farmyard manure. Combined application of tie ridge, farmyard manure and NP fertilizer contribute for agricultural sustainability. Applying integrated soil fertility increase total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil for agricultural sustainability. The highest carbon (12 mg/kg) was sequestered when farmyard manure was applied with NP fertilizer on maize and wheat cropped alfisoils. Application of integrated fertility management reduces N2O emissions by increase nitrogen-use efficiency. Application of animal manure and NPK fertilizer reduce CH4 into the atmosphere contributing for climate change mitigation. Integrated soil fertility management improves soil fertility contributing for agricultural sustainability. Crop yield was improved by application of integrated fertility management which sustains agriculture. Integrated soil fertility management was on option for climate change mitigation.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1823631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1868162
Richard Arthur, M. F. Baidoo, G. Osei, L. Boamah, S. Kwofie
Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the potential biogas production from four main sources, in terms of the volume of methane for energy production and the equivalent avoidable carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 through to 2030. It was based on the projection of methane production from common livestock and poultry manure, possible landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and palm oil mill effluent. This paper uses sound and reliable methodology to estimate the biogas potential of these major resources, which could lead to significant achievement in environmental sustainability via biogas generation and carbon dioxide emission reduction. The results showed that a total of 690.7 million m3 and 848.74 7 million m3 of methane could be obtained from all the sources considered in 2020 and in 2030, respectively, which translates to about 1.84 TWhel and 2.28 TWhel. It also meant that a total carbon dioxide equivalent emission of 12.36 million tCO2-eq and 15.82 million tCO2-eq could be avoided in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The results of this study therefore, show the remarkable contribution that biogas technology can make, as well as serve as an immediate technical information for policies makers, government agencies, and potential investors on the development of biogas technology in Ghana. Significant achievements can be made when comprehensive attempts are made so as to provide sustainable energy by integrating and improving livestock rearing, application of comprehensive solid and liquid waste management system and usage of best practices for managing agro-processing residues, which are integral part of the socio-economic activities in Ghana.
{"title":"Evaluation of potential feedstocks for sustainable biogas production in Ghana: Quantification, energy generation, and CO2 abatement","authors":"Richard Arthur, M. F. Baidoo, G. Osei, L. Boamah, S. Kwofie","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1868162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1868162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the potential biogas production from four main sources, in terms of the volume of methane for energy production and the equivalent avoidable carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 through to 2030. It was based on the projection of methane production from common livestock and poultry manure, possible landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and palm oil mill effluent. This paper uses sound and reliable methodology to estimate the biogas potential of these major resources, which could lead to significant achievement in environmental sustainability via biogas generation and carbon dioxide emission reduction. The results showed that a total of 690.7 million m3 and 848.74 7 million m3 of methane could be obtained from all the sources considered in 2020 and in 2030, respectively, which translates to about 1.84 TWhel and 2.28 TWhel. It also meant that a total carbon dioxide equivalent emission of 12.36 million tCO2-eq and 15.82 million tCO2-eq could be avoided in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The results of this study therefore, show the remarkable contribution that biogas technology can make, as well as serve as an immediate technical information for policies makers, government agencies, and potential investors on the development of biogas technology in Ghana. Significant achievements can be made when comprehensive attempts are made so as to provide sustainable energy by integrating and improving livestock rearing, application of comprehensive solid and liquid waste management system and usage of best practices for managing agro-processing residues, which are integral part of the socio-economic activities in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1868162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1794242
A. A. Ayamba, A. A. Agyekum, Carboo Derick, Derry Dontoh
Abstract Chemical contaminants that migrate into food may affect the safety and quality of the food depending on the nature and composition of the packaging material. The introduction of different packaging materials and designs have increased the specific hazards that humans are exposed to due to chemical migration into food. In Ghana, these food contact materials are not only used for food storage or transportation but also, foods such as kenkey are cooked with these food contact materials at very high temperatures for longer periods hence increasing the possibility of the migration rate and thereby posing hazard to consumers. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality and safety of polyethylene food contact materials used in the Ghanaian food industry in terms of phthalate migration. Five different polyethylene food contact materials specifically black polyethylene bags (BPB), plain polyethylene bags (TAB), thick plain polyethylene films/bags (TPB), polyethylene food containers (PFC) and polyethylene plastic bottles (PPB) were purchased from three different markets namely; Madina, Makola and Kwame Nkrumah circle within the Accra Metropolitan Assembly. The samples were analysed using a GC-MS after extraction with aqueous and fatty foods simulants.
{"title":"Assessment of phthalate migration in polyethylene food contact materials sold on the Ghanaian market","authors":"A. A. Ayamba, A. A. Agyekum, Carboo Derick, Derry Dontoh","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1794242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1794242","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chemical contaminants that migrate into food may affect the safety and quality of the food depending on the nature and composition of the packaging material. The introduction of different packaging materials and designs have increased the specific hazards that humans are exposed to due to chemical migration into food. In Ghana, these food contact materials are not only used for food storage or transportation but also, foods such as kenkey are cooked with these food contact materials at very high temperatures for longer periods hence increasing the possibility of the migration rate and thereby posing hazard to consumers. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality and safety of polyethylene food contact materials used in the Ghanaian food industry in terms of phthalate migration. Five different polyethylene food contact materials specifically black polyethylene bags (BPB), plain polyethylene bags (TAB), thick plain polyethylene films/bags (TPB), polyethylene food containers (PFC) and polyethylene plastic bottles (PPB) were purchased from three different markets namely; Madina, Makola and Kwame Nkrumah circle within the Accra Metropolitan Assembly. The samples were analysed using a GC-MS after extraction with aqueous and fatty foods simulants.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1794242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49454489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1778998
Dires Tewabe, Temesgen Fentahun Adametie
Abstract Land use land cover (LULC) change detection based on remote sensing data is an important source of information for various decision support systems. Information derived from land use and land cover change detection is important to land conservation, sustainable development, and management of water resources. This purpose of this study is therefore concerned with identifying the change in land use and land cover detection of the Tana basin. To identify land cover changes detection; remote sensing data, satellite imagery and image processing techniques had done within three dates of 1986, 2002 and 2018 using Land sat TM 30 m resolution images. ENVI and Arc GIS soft wares had used to identify the changes. The classification had done using six land cover (water body, bushland, grassland, forestland, cultivated, and residential land) class. Preprocessing and classification of the images had analyzed carefully and accuracy assessment was tested separately using the kappa coefficient. The results showed that overall accuracy in the basin was 84.21%, 83.32% and 91.40% and kappa coefficient of 79.02%, 83.32%, 89.66% for the years 1986, 2002 and 2018 respectively. This study indicated that in the last 32 years period, agricultural land and residential areas had significantly increased by 15.61% and 8.05% respectively in the basin. Therefore, proper land management practices, integrated watershed management, and active participation of the local community should be advance to protect undesirable LULC change in the basin.
{"title":"Assessing land use and land cover change detection using remote sensing in the Lake Tana Basin, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Dires Tewabe, Temesgen Fentahun Adametie","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1778998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1778998","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Land use land cover (LULC) change detection based on remote sensing data is an important source of information for various decision support systems. Information derived from land use and land cover change detection is important to land conservation, sustainable development, and management of water resources. This purpose of this study is therefore concerned with identifying the change in land use and land cover detection of the Tana basin. To identify land cover changes detection; remote sensing data, satellite imagery and image processing techniques had done within three dates of 1986, 2002 and 2018 using Land sat TM 30 m resolution images. ENVI and Arc GIS soft wares had used to identify the changes. The classification had done using six land cover (water body, bushland, grassland, forestland, cultivated, and residential land) class. Preprocessing and classification of the images had analyzed carefully and accuracy assessment was tested separately using the kappa coefficient. The results showed that overall accuracy in the basin was 84.21%, 83.32% and 91.40% and kappa coefficient of 79.02%, 83.32%, 89.66% for the years 1986, 2002 and 2018 respectively. This study indicated that in the last 32 years period, agricultural land and residential areas had significantly increased by 15.61% and 8.05% respectively in the basin. Therefore, proper land management practices, integrated watershed management, and active participation of the local community should be advance to protect undesirable LULC change in the basin.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1778998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1750539
M. Kansiime, Idah Mugambi, L. Migiro, W. Otieno, J. Ochieng
Abstract Plant clinics have been widely established in developing countries as a novel extension approach that provides demand driven plant health advice to smallholder farmers. This paper assesses farmer participation and motivation for repeat plant clinic use, and influence on pest management adoption decisions in Kenya. Cross-sectional farm-level data were collected from 259 farm households categorised as; none, one-time and repeat plant clinic users. Mixed multinomial logistic and multivariate logit regression models were used to jointly analyse farmer participation, and decisions to take-up pest management recommendations. Results showed that participation at plant clinics is motivated by farmers’ perceived value or success of the recommendations given, the main reason given by farmers who repeatedly visited plant clinics. Non-clinic users (33%) lacked awareness, while one-time users (26%) indicated that they adapted previous advice to other pests/crops thus found no reason to return. Pest management was dominated by pesticide use, which was also the predominant recommendation at plant clinics—considering that farmers mostly presented already diseased plants. At least 34% and 28% of repeat and one-time clinic users, respectively, embraced rational pesticide use and integrated cultural practices for pest control. Model results showed higher likelihood of adoption of a combination of pesticide and cultural practices by repeat clinic users than one-time and non-users, an indication of the impact of plant clinics on pesticide risk reduction through encouraging IPM practices. More advocacy and farmer awareness are needed to ensure plant clinics turn into well-known institutions providing sustainable plant health advice in the country.
{"title":"Farmer participation and motivation for repeat plant clinic use: Implications for delivery of plant health advice in Kenya","authors":"M. Kansiime, Idah Mugambi, L. Migiro, W. Otieno, J. Ochieng","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1750539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1750539","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plant clinics have been widely established in developing countries as a novel extension approach that provides demand driven plant health advice to smallholder farmers. This paper assesses farmer participation and motivation for repeat plant clinic use, and influence on pest management adoption decisions in Kenya. Cross-sectional farm-level data were collected from 259 farm households categorised as; none, one-time and repeat plant clinic users. Mixed multinomial logistic and multivariate logit regression models were used to jointly analyse farmer participation, and decisions to take-up pest management recommendations. Results showed that participation at plant clinics is motivated by farmers’ perceived value or success of the recommendations given, the main reason given by farmers who repeatedly visited plant clinics. Non-clinic users (33%) lacked awareness, while one-time users (26%) indicated that they adapted previous advice to other pests/crops thus found no reason to return. Pest management was dominated by pesticide use, which was also the predominant recommendation at plant clinics—considering that farmers mostly presented already diseased plants. At least 34% and 28% of repeat and one-time clinic users, respectively, embraced rational pesticide use and integrated cultural practices for pest control. Model results showed higher likelihood of adoption of a combination of pesticide and cultural practices by repeat clinic users than one-time and non-users, an indication of the impact of plant clinics on pesticide risk reduction through encouraging IPM practices. More advocacy and farmer awareness are needed to ensure plant clinics turn into well-known institutions providing sustainable plant health advice in the country.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1750539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44988951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2019.1570659
Birara Endalew, Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu
Abstract Church forests provide secured habitat for plants and animals, seed banks for native plants, source of food and medicines, income source and reduce soil erosion. They are threatened by livestock grazing, harvesting of timber and non-timber forest products, conversion to farmlands and the replacement of indigenous trees by economically important tree species. So, this study aimed to estimate households’ willingness to pay for the conservation of church forests using double-bounded contingent valuation method followed by open-ended questions. The study specifically aimed to assess the households’ willingness to pay decision, to elicit households’ willingness to pay in terms of cash and labor and to analyze factors affecting households’ maximum willingness to pay. A total of 300 households was selected using a multistage sampling technique followed by a probability proportional to sample size. The result indicated that the mean willingness to pay of the respondents in cash and labor is 178 ETB and 71.51 man-days per year, respectively. On the other hand, the model result indicated that annual income, social position, membership to mahiber/senbete and size of the land near to church forest had a significant and positive effect on the households’ willingness to pay, whereas dependency ratio had a significant and negative effect. The findings imply that policymakers as well as policies designed at national level should consider annual income, dependency ratio, social position, membership to mahiber/senbete and land size near to church forest variables to design conservation practices for church forests.
{"title":"Determinants of households’ willingness to pay for the conservation of church forests in northwestern Ethiopia: A contingent valuation study","authors":"Birara Endalew, Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2019.1570659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2019.1570659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Church forests provide secured habitat for plants and animals, seed banks for native plants, source of food and medicines, income source and reduce soil erosion. They are threatened by livestock grazing, harvesting of timber and non-timber forest products, conversion to farmlands and the replacement of indigenous trees by economically important tree species. So, this study aimed to estimate households’ willingness to pay for the conservation of church forests using double-bounded contingent valuation method followed by open-ended questions. The study specifically aimed to assess the households’ willingness to pay decision, to elicit households’ willingness to pay in terms of cash and labor and to analyze factors affecting households’ maximum willingness to pay. A total of 300 households was selected using a multistage sampling technique followed by a probability proportional to sample size. The result indicated that the mean willingness to pay of the respondents in cash and labor is 178 ETB and 71.51 man-days per year, respectively. On the other hand, the model result indicated that annual income, social position, membership to mahiber/senbete and size of the land near to church forest had a significant and positive effect on the households’ willingness to pay, whereas dependency ratio had a significant and negative effect. The findings imply that policymakers as well as policies designed at national level should consider annual income, dependency ratio, social position, membership to mahiber/senbete and land size near to church forest variables to design conservation practices for church forests.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2019.1570659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49332816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2019.1594513
C. Mahamadi, E. Mawere
Abstract The effectiveness of continuous flow biosorption of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solution was investigated using water hyacinth immobilized in sodium alginate. Characterization of the biosorbent was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption process was optimized for adsorbate flow rate, initial dye concentration, and bed depth at fixed pH 8 under room conditions. The SEM showed the presence of a macroporous structure, whilst FTIR confirmed the presence of amine and hydroxyl groups. Increasing linear flow rate and initial dye concentration reduced breakthrough time (tb) and exhaustion time (te), whilst the adsorption capacity at breakthrough point (qb) increased with initial dye concentration and column bed depth. The adsorption data fitted both the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) and the Yoon–Nelson models, with a BDST model adsorption capacity per unit volume (No) value of 14.2 mg/L and a critical bed depth (Xo) of 2.23 cm obtained. Regeneration and reuse of adsorbent gave an adsorption efficiency above 80% for both dyes in the binary solution phase for 3-sorption-desoprtion cycles. Water hyacinth showed great potential as a low-cost, efficient and effective biosorbent for the purification of dye-contaminated wastewater.
{"title":"Continuous flow biosorptive removal of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes using alginate–water hyacinth beads","authors":"C. Mahamadi, E. Mawere","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2019.1594513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2019.1594513","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effectiveness of continuous flow biosorption of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solution was investigated using water hyacinth immobilized in sodium alginate. Characterization of the biosorbent was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption process was optimized for adsorbate flow rate, initial dye concentration, and bed depth at fixed pH 8 under room conditions. The SEM showed the presence of a macroporous structure, whilst FTIR confirmed the presence of amine and hydroxyl groups. Increasing linear flow rate and initial dye concentration reduced breakthrough time (tb) and exhaustion time (te), whilst the adsorption capacity at breakthrough point (qb) increased with initial dye concentration and column bed depth. The adsorption data fitted both the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) and the Yoon–Nelson models, with a BDST model adsorption capacity per unit volume (No) value of 14.2 mg/L and a critical bed depth (Xo) of 2.23 cm obtained. Regeneration and reuse of adsorbent gave an adsorption efficiency above 80% for both dyes in the binary solution phase for 3-sorption-desoprtion cycles. Water hyacinth showed great potential as a low-cost, efficient and effective biosorbent for the purification of dye-contaminated wastewater.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2019.1594513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46946544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2019.1682106
S. Sedaghathoor, Seyedeh Khadijeh Abbasnia Zare
Abstract The effect of salinity and drought stresses on three hedge shrubs was studied in a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The studied treatments included salinity at four levels (tap water, 100 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl, and Sea water), irrigation at three levels (irrigation intervals of 3, 7 and 10 days), and three hedge shrubs (Buxus hyrcana, Euonymus japonicus var. microphylla and Euonymus japonicus var. aureo-marginatum). It was found that the increase in salinity and drought negatively affected the studied traits so that the maximum Na concentration (719.9 mg kg−1) was obtained for irrigation with Sea water at the intervals of 10 and 7 days. All three shrubs irrigated with Sea water had higher Na concentration than other treatments. The lowest N content (0.393%) was obtained from the treatment of E. japonicus var. microphylla × tap water × 10-day irrigation interval and highest one (0.873%) was obtained from B. hyrcana × 100 mM NaCl × 7-day irrigation interval. The highest plant and root fresh weight (37.86 g) were related to E. japonicus var. microphylla irrigated with tap water. The highest plant dry weight of 18.77 g was related to E. japonicus var. microphylla × tap water and the lowest one (11.47 g) was related to E. japonicus var. microphylla × caspian Sea water. The highest and lowest number of axillary branches was related to irrigation with tap water and Sea water (7.29 and 0.59), respectively.
{"title":"Interactive effects of salinity and drought stresses on the growth parameters and nitrogen content of three hedge shrubs","authors":"S. Sedaghathoor, Seyedeh Khadijeh Abbasnia Zare","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2019.1682106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2019.1682106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of salinity and drought stresses on three hedge shrubs was studied in a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The studied treatments included salinity at four levels (tap water, 100 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl, and Sea water), irrigation at three levels (irrigation intervals of 3, 7 and 10 days), and three hedge shrubs (Buxus hyrcana, Euonymus japonicus var. microphylla and Euonymus japonicus var. aureo-marginatum). It was found that the increase in salinity and drought negatively affected the studied traits so that the maximum Na concentration (719.9 mg kg−1) was obtained for irrigation with Sea water at the intervals of 10 and 7 days. All three shrubs irrigated with Sea water had higher Na concentration than other treatments. The lowest N content (0.393%) was obtained from the treatment of E. japonicus var. microphylla × tap water × 10-day irrigation interval and highest one (0.873%) was obtained from B. hyrcana × 100 mM NaCl × 7-day irrigation interval. The highest plant and root fresh weight (37.86 g) were related to E. japonicus var. microphylla irrigated with tap water. The highest plant dry weight of 18.77 g was related to E. japonicus var. microphylla × tap water and the lowest one (11.47 g) was related to E. japonicus var. microphylla × caspian Sea water. The highest and lowest number of axillary branches was related to irrigation with tap water and Sea water (7.29 and 0.59), respectively.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2019.1682106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44901109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2019.1603418
F. A. Kuranchie, Prosper Naah Angnunavuri, F. Attiogbe, Esi Nana Nerquaye-Tetteh
Abstract Gasoline plays an important role as fuel for engines, but its use is replete with a high probability of adverse health to persons along the distribution chain, especially pump attendants. This study is a systematic review of the literature on gasoline exposure and the specific risks of adverse health on pump attendants by benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene (BTEX) to instigate policy in Ghana. A careful review of the literature indicates that pump attendants are at risk of developing cancer and non-cancer health hazards. This is particularly so in Ghana due to poor safe work practices and controls at pump stations. Occupational and environmental health and safety is not legislated in Ghana, there is poor awareness of gasoline hazards (especially BTEX) among pump attendants, and poor pump infrastructure controls for BTEX exposure mitigation. Although Ghana has revised the motor gasoline standard to reflect 1%v/v benzene and 35%v/v maximum volatile aromatic compounds, the absence of an exposure standard for BTEX compounds makes it necessary to monitor these compounds. In the absence of a national occupational, health and safety legislation, corporate organizations must establish specific policies that are committed to minimizing exposure to BTEX compounds including personal protection, adequate engineering controls, and tailored management practices.
{"title":"Occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) to pump attendants in Ghana: Implications for policy guidance","authors":"F. A. Kuranchie, Prosper Naah Angnunavuri, F. Attiogbe, Esi Nana Nerquaye-Tetteh","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2019.1603418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2019.1603418","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gasoline plays an important role as fuel for engines, but its use is replete with a high probability of adverse health to persons along the distribution chain, especially pump attendants. This study is a systematic review of the literature on gasoline exposure and the specific risks of adverse health on pump attendants by benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene (BTEX) to instigate policy in Ghana. A careful review of the literature indicates that pump attendants are at risk of developing cancer and non-cancer health hazards. This is particularly so in Ghana due to poor safe work practices and controls at pump stations. Occupational and environmental health and safety is not legislated in Ghana, there is poor awareness of gasoline hazards (especially BTEX) among pump attendants, and poor pump infrastructure controls for BTEX exposure mitigation. Although Ghana has revised the motor gasoline standard to reflect 1%v/v benzene and 35%v/v maximum volatile aromatic compounds, the absence of an exposure standard for BTEX compounds makes it necessary to monitor these compounds. In the absence of a national occupational, health and safety legislation, corporate organizations must establish specific policies that are committed to minimizing exposure to BTEX compounds including personal protection, adequate engineering controls, and tailored management practices.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2019.1603418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2019.1602101
J. Lieschke
Abstract Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicas) are widely distributed in estuarine and nearshore waters within the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In Australia, it is an iconic recreational species that is also important commercially, with the largest commercial fishery being in the Murray River estuary and nearby coastal environments. To determine habitat preferences and movements between the estuary and the open ocean, 24 mulloway were acoustically tagged and followed for three years. Tagged fish were tracked using 20 receivers deployed along the estuary from its mouth to 65 km upstream. However, during the study thirteen (54%) of the tagged mulloway were caught and kept by anglers, hampering analysis of mulloway movements but providing opportunistic data on angling pressure and sizes of captured fish. Although generalised movement patterns could be gleaned from the remaining data, this case study exemplifies the challenges of telemetric studies of intensively angled fishes in estuaries and other semi-enclosed waters.
{"title":"Angling pressure impedes a three-year telemetry study on mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicas) in a western Victorian estuary, Southern Australia","authors":"J. Lieschke","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2019.1602101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2019.1602101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicas) are widely distributed in estuarine and nearshore waters within the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In Australia, it is an iconic recreational species that is also important commercially, with the largest commercial fishery being in the Murray River estuary and nearby coastal environments. To determine habitat preferences and movements between the estuary and the open ocean, 24 mulloway were acoustically tagged and followed for three years. Tagged fish were tracked using 20 receivers deployed along the estuary from its mouth to 65 km upstream. However, during the study thirteen (54%) of the tagged mulloway were caught and kept by anglers, hampering analysis of mulloway movements but providing opportunistic data on angling pressure and sizes of captured fish. Although generalised movement patterns could be gleaned from the remaining data, this case study exemplifies the challenges of telemetric studies of intensively angled fishes in estuaries and other semi-enclosed waters.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2019.1602101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42905367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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