Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1724064
A. M. Houssou, D. Cocan, V. Mireșan, C. Bonou, E. Montchowui
Abstract This study was carried out to assess the chronic effects of both an insecticide (spirotetramat) and a herbicide (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on two phytoplankton species: Monoraphidium griffithii and Coscinodiscus sp. The effects of the chemicals on an exponentially-growing population of the two species were evaluated using single compounds and a compound mixture. The experiments lasted for 27 days. The results show a decrease in the populations’ growth for both species after the application of single pesticides and the mixture. 2,4-D applied alone and the mixture of both chemicals have affected the organisms the most. Both pesticides have induced an increase in chlorophyll-a content in M. griffithii while no effect was observed on chlorophyll-a in Coscinodiscus sp. A significant effect was recorded in the cell size of both species with both pesticides. The two spirotetramat tested concentrations have induced an increase in cell size, while the opposite effect was obtained for the (2,4-D) herbicide concentrations. The mixture of compounds induced an additive effect on the cell size of both species. These results indicate the risk which the two chemicals represent in a natural environment. They are agents that can have chronic impairments at the physiology or behavior level of such phytoplankton species as M. griffithii or Coscinodiscus sp. Such impairments might consequently affect the health of the ecosystem.
{"title":"Effect of spirotetramat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic pesticides on two phytoplankton species (Monoraphidium griffithii and Coscinodiscus sp.) in a single and compound mixture laboratory exposure","authors":"A. M. Houssou, D. Cocan, V. Mireșan, C. Bonou, E. Montchowui","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1724064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1724064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was carried out to assess the chronic effects of both an insecticide (spirotetramat) and a herbicide (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on two phytoplankton species: Monoraphidium griffithii and Coscinodiscus sp. The effects of the chemicals on an exponentially-growing population of the two species were evaluated using single compounds and a compound mixture. The experiments lasted for 27 days. The results show a decrease in the populations’ growth for both species after the application of single pesticides and the mixture. 2,4-D applied alone and the mixture of both chemicals have affected the organisms the most. Both pesticides have induced an increase in chlorophyll-a content in M. griffithii while no effect was observed on chlorophyll-a in Coscinodiscus sp. A significant effect was recorded in the cell size of both species with both pesticides. The two spirotetramat tested concentrations have induced an increase in cell size, while the opposite effect was obtained for the (2,4-D) herbicide concentrations. The mixture of compounds induced an additive effect on the cell size of both species. These results indicate the risk which the two chemicals represent in a natural environment. They are agents that can have chronic impairments at the physiology or behavior level of such phytoplankton species as M. griffithii or Coscinodiscus sp. Such impairments might consequently affect the health of the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1724064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41344154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1782006
Negash Tessema Roba, A. Kebede, Dame Yadeta
Abstract Nowadays, the land use and land cover change and its impacts are revealing on different natural resource and man-made systems. This study attempted to examine the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics on this using multi-spectral satellite imageries in Geographical Information System (GIS) in the Kesem sub-basin of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. It also attempted to assess the community perceptions on this using field observation. Three LULC maps were produced by analyzing remotely sensed images of Landsat satellite imageries within three periods of time from 1986 to 2013. Supervised image classification was used to map LULC classes and explain the drivers, and causes were linked to the changes. The result from LULC maps of 2013 showed nine major land use and land cover types. From 1986 to 2000, there were, among others, a dramatic expansion of agricultural land, massive settlement, and widespread eucalyptus plantation, all of which contributed to a dramatic decrement of shrub land and acacia in the sub-basin. The major driving forces for these changes were population density and over-use of land. The major consequences are the degradation of biodiversity, and loss of natural resources. The significant need of new and sweeping land use policy whose key tenets involve conservation and rehabilitation of land resources and appropriate land use planning is offered to policymakers.
{"title":"Modeling land use dynamics in the Kesem sub-basin, Awash River basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Negash Tessema Roba, A. Kebede, Dame Yadeta","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1782006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1782006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nowadays, the land use and land cover change and its impacts are revealing on different natural resource and man-made systems. This study attempted to examine the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics on this using multi-spectral satellite imageries in Geographical Information System (GIS) in the Kesem sub-basin of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. It also attempted to assess the community perceptions on this using field observation. Three LULC maps were produced by analyzing remotely sensed images of Landsat satellite imageries within three periods of time from 1986 to 2013. Supervised image classification was used to map LULC classes and explain the drivers, and causes were linked to the changes. The result from LULC maps of 2013 showed nine major land use and land cover types. From 1986 to 2000, there were, among others, a dramatic expansion of agricultural land, massive settlement, and widespread eucalyptus plantation, all of which contributed to a dramatic decrement of shrub land and acacia in the sub-basin. The major driving forces for these changes were population density and over-use of land. The major consequences are the degradation of biodiversity, and loss of natural resources. The significant need of new and sweeping land use policy whose key tenets involve conservation and rehabilitation of land resources and appropriate land use planning is offered to policymakers.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1782006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1791462
Birhan Agmas, M. Adugna
Abstract This paper studies the practice of synthetic chemical use among farmers and its possible occurrence as residue in fish foods in North-West Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was carried out from January to December 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique embedded with simple random sampling was employed for the selection of sampling units. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of farmers. Data entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The results showed that farmers applied chemicals indiscriminately and inappropriately on their farm, using unsafe storage facilities, ignoring risks and safety instructions. Consequently, farmers respond that insecticides and herbicides were used up to 100% and 96.4% of their farms, respectively. Most of the farmers (80.16%) of the study area have poor attitudes and practices of pesticide usage. Multivariable analysis showed, illiterate educational level; Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.7, 6.77; Land holders situation (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.52, 2.9) has been formally not trained about pesticides usage (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.06, 8.37) and not read pesticide labels (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI: 1.62, 13.64) were significantly associated with possible poor attitude and practice of pesticide contamination. We conclude that there are high possibilities of chemical residues affects fish and occurring in food products (in milk, meat, fish, vegetable and fruit) that may have a public health risk in the study area. Therefore, one health intervention is required.
{"title":"Attitudes and practices of farmers with regard to pesticide use in NorthWest Ethiopia","authors":"Birhan Agmas, M. Adugna","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1791462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1791462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the practice of synthetic chemical use among farmers and its possible occurrence as residue in fish foods in North-West Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was carried out from January to December 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique embedded with simple random sampling was employed for the selection of sampling units. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of farmers. Data entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The results showed that farmers applied chemicals indiscriminately and inappropriately on their farm, using unsafe storage facilities, ignoring risks and safety instructions. Consequently, farmers respond that insecticides and herbicides were used up to 100% and 96.4% of their farms, respectively. Most of the farmers (80.16%) of the study area have poor attitudes and practices of pesticide usage. Multivariable analysis showed, illiterate educational level; Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.7, 6.77; Land holders situation (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.52, 2.9) has been formally not trained about pesticides usage (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.06, 8.37) and not read pesticide labels (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI: 1.62, 13.64) were significantly associated with possible poor attitude and practice of pesticide contamination. We conclude that there are high possibilities of chemical residues affects fish and occurring in food products (in milk, meat, fish, vegetable and fruit) that may have a public health risk in the study area. Therefore, one health intervention is required.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1791462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42929011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1840863
P. Opoku, E. Gikunoo, E. K. Arthur, G. Foli
Abstract This study evaluated the hyperaccumulation potential of four indigenous plant species: Chromolaena ordorata (CO), Paspalum viginatum (PV), Chrysopogon zizanioides (CZ) and Cynodon dactylon (CD) using soil polluted by the illegal gold mining activities. Nine treatments were used in this study: Control, CO, CZ, PV, CD, CO+PV, CO+CD, CZ+PV and CZ+CD samples. The soils’ physico-chemical properties and the concentration of some selected heavy metals and metalloid (As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) were determined. Plant growth and dynamics of pH, electrical conductivity and heavy metals and metalloid in the gold ore mined soil were monitored for nine weeks. Accumulation, bioaccumulation and translocation potentials were determined. The mined soil was loamy textured and acidic with pH ranging between 5.71 and 6.24. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorous contents were relatively low (0.21 %, 0.09 % and 4.79 mg/kg soil, respectively). Concentrations of Pb, Cu, Ni, As and Cd (40.22, 30.54, 23.58, 6.18 and 0.27 mg/kg, respectively) in the area were below the WHO permissible limits. CO+PV combination resulted in higher reductions in As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb (40.1, 53.1, 36.8, 29.3 and 41.2%, respectively) from the mined soil. All the investigated plant species recorded BR > 1 for Cd and BR < 1 for As, Cu, Ni and Pb. Therefore, all studied plant species are good phytoextractors for Cd.
{"title":"Removal of selected heavy metals and metalloids from an artisanal gold mining site in Ghana using indigenous plant species","authors":"P. Opoku, E. Gikunoo, E. K. Arthur, G. Foli","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1840863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1840863","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluated the hyperaccumulation potential of four indigenous plant species: Chromolaena ordorata (CO), Paspalum viginatum (PV), Chrysopogon zizanioides (CZ) and Cynodon dactylon (CD) using soil polluted by the illegal gold mining activities. Nine treatments were used in this study: Control, CO, CZ, PV, CD, CO+PV, CO+CD, CZ+PV and CZ+CD samples. The soils’ physico-chemical properties and the concentration of some selected heavy metals and metalloid (As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) were determined. Plant growth and dynamics of pH, electrical conductivity and heavy metals and metalloid in the gold ore mined soil were monitored for nine weeks. Accumulation, bioaccumulation and translocation potentials were determined. The mined soil was loamy textured and acidic with pH ranging between 5.71 and 6.24. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorous contents were relatively low (0.21 %, 0.09 % and 4.79 mg/kg soil, respectively). Concentrations of Pb, Cu, Ni, As and Cd (40.22, 30.54, 23.58, 6.18 and 0.27 mg/kg, respectively) in the area were below the WHO permissible limits. CO+PV combination resulted in higher reductions in As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb (40.1, 53.1, 36.8, 29.3 and 41.2%, respectively) from the mined soil. All the investigated plant species recorded BR > 1 for Cd and BR < 1 for As, Cu, Ni and Pb. Therefore, all studied plant species are good phytoextractors for Cd.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1840863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44263402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1843311
Mahmud Aman, Zekarias Shumeta, Temesgen Kebede
Abstract The economic value of water is essential for the rational allocation of the scarce water resource as its availability has become a problem in many countries of the world. This study specifically aimed to assess the households’ willingness to pay decision and to estimate farmers’ willingness to pay for improved irrigation water use. The primary was data collected from 210 households selected through a multistage sampling technique followed by a probability proportional to sample size while it was also supplemented by secondary data. Double-bounded dichotomous choices with follow-up open-ended questions of contingent valuation methods were employed. The result of the study showed that all of the households were willing to pay for improved irrigation water use. The mean willingness to pay for the use of improved irrigation water from the double-bounded dichotomous question of Seemingly Unrelated Bivariate Probit model was Birr 829.46 per year per timad (0.25 ha). On the other hand, the mean willingness to pay from open-ended questions was Birr 726.55 per year per timad (0.25 ha). The respective total aggregate value of improved irrigation water use in the study varies from 33,421,300 birr in open ended to 38,155,160 birr from double bound. Thus, appropriate irrigation water pricing will make the user more aware of the resource scarcity. Therefore, the study suggests a good indicator for the concerned body to invest in expanding the current irrigation projects and introducing proper irrigation water pricing, creating more value for improved irrigation, leading to efficient management of the improved system.
{"title":"Economic valuation of improved irrigation water use: the case of Meskan District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Mahmud Aman, Zekarias Shumeta, Temesgen Kebede","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1843311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1843311","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The economic value of water is essential for the rational allocation of the scarce water resource as its availability has become a problem in many countries of the world. This study specifically aimed to assess the households’ willingness to pay decision and to estimate farmers’ willingness to pay for improved irrigation water use. The primary was data collected from 210 households selected through a multistage sampling technique followed by a probability proportional to sample size while it was also supplemented by secondary data. Double-bounded dichotomous choices with follow-up open-ended questions of contingent valuation methods were employed. The result of the study showed that all of the households were willing to pay for improved irrigation water use. The mean willingness to pay for the use of improved irrigation water from the double-bounded dichotomous question of Seemingly Unrelated Bivariate Probit model was Birr 829.46 per year per timad (0.25 ha). On the other hand, the mean willingness to pay from open-ended questions was Birr 726.55 per year per timad (0.25 ha). The respective total aggregate value of improved irrigation water use in the study varies from 33,421,300 birr in open ended to 38,155,160 birr from double bound. Thus, appropriate irrigation water pricing will make the user more aware of the resource scarcity. Therefore, the study suggests a good indicator for the concerned body to invest in expanding the current irrigation projects and introducing proper irrigation water pricing, creating more value for improved irrigation, leading to efficient management of the improved system.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1843311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48001461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1801220
Siming You, C. Sonne, Y. Ok
Abstract To combat with the challenge of plastic pollution, a sustainable, systematic, and hierarchical plastic management roadmap that clearly defines the relative roles and socioeconomic and environmental impacts of these measures is needed. It requires plastic waste type-specific and country demand-specific action plans as well as greater support from policymakers and the more general public. Finally, disaster resilience needs to be considered in consistent with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.
{"title":"COVID-19: Resource recovery from plastic waste against plastic pollution","authors":"Siming You, C. Sonne, Y. Ok","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1801220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1801220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To combat with the challenge of plastic pollution, a sustainable, systematic, and hierarchical plastic management roadmap that clearly defines the relative roles and socioeconomic and environmental impacts of these measures is needed. It requires plastic waste type-specific and country demand-specific action plans as well as greater support from policymakers and the more general public. Finally, disaster resilience needs to be considered in consistent with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1801220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1868171
C. Parwada, M. I. Magomani, J. V. van Tol
Abstract Effects of fire frequency on soil chemical properties in semi-arid savannahs are still unclear. A study was conducted on a long-term fire research trial in the semi-arid part of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aimed at determining the impact of outbreak on the soil properties by comparing the effect of different prescribed fire frequencies on pH, C, N, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Na levels and C:N ratios. The treatments were no burn (control), sexennial, quadrennial, triennial, biennial and annual burns randomly laid in uniform blocks. A line intercept sampling technique was used in soil sampling from 0 to 75 mm depth for analysis. Fire burning frequencies had significantly varied effects on soil chemical properties (P < 0.05). There was an increase of C, Mg and Ca in the triennial than other frequency treatments. Significant positive correlations were observed between N and P, Ca and Mg and pH and Ca and Mg content and burning frequencies. C and other elements content were reduced in most burning frequencies except triennial. The triennial burning frequency may be an ideal option for veld management. Further studies under different climatic conditions, soil and vegetation types and fractionation analysis of chemical elements are necessary to determine whether different frequencies result in short-or long-term fire-induced changes.
{"title":"Impacts of different prescribed fire frequencies on selected soil chemical properties in a semi-arid savannah thornveld","authors":"C. Parwada, M. I. Magomani, J. V. van Tol","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1868171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1868171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effects of fire frequency on soil chemical properties in semi-arid savannahs are still unclear. A study was conducted on a long-term fire research trial in the semi-arid part of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aimed at determining the impact of outbreak on the soil properties by comparing the effect of different prescribed fire frequencies on pH, C, N, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Na levels and C:N ratios. The treatments were no burn (control), sexennial, quadrennial, triennial, biennial and annual burns randomly laid in uniform blocks. A line intercept sampling technique was used in soil sampling from 0 to 75 mm depth for analysis. Fire burning frequencies had significantly varied effects on soil chemical properties (P < 0.05). There was an increase of C, Mg and Ca in the triennial than other frequency treatments. Significant positive correlations were observed between N and P, Ca and Mg and pH and Ca and Mg content and burning frequencies. C and other elements content were reduced in most burning frequencies except triennial. The triennial burning frequency may be an ideal option for veld management. Further studies under different climatic conditions, soil and vegetation types and fractionation analysis of chemical elements are necessary to determine whether different frequencies result in short-or long-term fire-induced changes.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1868171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46399897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1823632
Seonhwa Lee, M. Bonatti, K. Löhr, Vandreé Palacios, M. Lana, S. Sieber
Abstract Silvopastoral system (SPS) is highlighted as an alternative to conventional cattle farming systems in Colombia, where deforestation, driven by extensive cattle farming, is a severe environmental issue. However, despite its considerable benefits, adoption of SPS remains very limited in Colombia. Thus, the objective of this work is to investigate the potential for scaling up the adoption of SPS by identifying the barriers perceived by farmers, using a case study of tropical land at a high altitude over 2400 m in Cundinamarca department, Colombia. Qualitative research methodology is used in accordance with the conceptual framework constructed on the basis of adoption theories and literature reviews. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 27 farmers managing cattle farming. The results show that while farmers perceive numerous benefits of SPS, it is perceived as highly risky due to climate conditions. Additionally, concerns about long-term investments necessary to obtain benefits from SPS as well as its high complexity are discouraging. Furthermore, low compatibility due to the socio-economic barriers and traditional belief regarding trees in pasture are also verified as an external barrier for adopting SPS practices. In this context, the enabling conditions for scaling-up SPS adoption in the study area are discussed: strengthening farmers’ motivation with provision of long-term extension services and transforming the conventional concept of tree removal as well as the appropriate project designs given farmers’ socio-economic conditions and the adequate selection of tree species.
{"title":"Adoption potentials and barriers of silvopastoral system in Colombia: Case of Cundinamarca region","authors":"Seonhwa Lee, M. Bonatti, K. Löhr, Vandreé Palacios, M. Lana, S. Sieber","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1823632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1823632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Silvopastoral system (SPS) is highlighted as an alternative to conventional cattle farming systems in Colombia, where deforestation, driven by extensive cattle farming, is a severe environmental issue. However, despite its considerable benefits, adoption of SPS remains very limited in Colombia. Thus, the objective of this work is to investigate the potential for scaling up the adoption of SPS by identifying the barriers perceived by farmers, using a case study of tropical land at a high altitude over 2400 m in Cundinamarca department, Colombia. Qualitative research methodology is used in accordance with the conceptual framework constructed on the basis of adoption theories and literature reviews. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 27 farmers managing cattle farming. The results show that while farmers perceive numerous benefits of SPS, it is perceived as highly risky due to climate conditions. Additionally, concerns about long-term investments necessary to obtain benefits from SPS as well as its high complexity are discouraging. Furthermore, low compatibility due to the socio-economic barriers and traditional belief regarding trees in pasture are also verified as an external barrier for adopting SPS practices. In this context, the enabling conditions for scaling-up SPS adoption in the study area are discussed: strengthening farmers’ motivation with provision of long-term extension services and transforming the conventional concept of tree removal as well as the appropriate project designs given farmers’ socio-economic conditions and the adequate selection of tree species.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1823632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46473486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1791463
F. Adzitey, R. Ekli, Martin Aduah
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat foods exposed to the environment. This study investigated the microbial load, incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat meats in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. A total of 200 swabs of ready-to-eat meats (50 each of grilled chevon, mutton, pork and guinea fowl) were examined. Analyses for microbial load and Staphylococcus aureus were done using a modified method of the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. The microbial load of the ready-to-eat meats ranged from 4.02 to 4.85 log cfu/cm2 and averagely 34.0% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The highest incidence was seen in grilled guinea fowl (46%) and the lowest was found in grilled chevon and pork (24% each). Of the 16 Staphylococcus aureus examined against 9 different antibiotics, 44.44% 5.56% and 50.00% exhibited susceptibility, intermediate resistance and resistance, respectively. Higher resistances were observed for ceftriaxone (81.25%) and teicoplanin (75.00%). Susceptibility was high for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (87.5%) and gentamicin (81.25%). Resistance to 3 or more different antibiotics occurred for 14 (87.5%) Staphylococcus aureus. Some ready-to-eat meats in the environs of Bolgatanga are contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus which are resistant to antibiotics, posing a health risk to consumers.
{"title":"Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ready-to-eat meats in the environs of Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana","authors":"F. Adzitey, R. Ekli, Martin Aduah","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1791463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1791463","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat foods exposed to the environment. This study investigated the microbial load, incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat meats in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. A total of 200 swabs of ready-to-eat meats (50 each of grilled chevon, mutton, pork and guinea fowl) were examined. Analyses for microbial load and Staphylococcus aureus were done using a modified method of the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. The microbial load of the ready-to-eat meats ranged from 4.02 to 4.85 log cfu/cm2 and averagely 34.0% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The highest incidence was seen in grilled guinea fowl (46%) and the lowest was found in grilled chevon and pork (24% each). Of the 16 Staphylococcus aureus examined against 9 different antibiotics, 44.44% 5.56% and 50.00% exhibited susceptibility, intermediate resistance and resistance, respectively. Higher resistances were observed for ceftriaxone (81.25%) and teicoplanin (75.00%). Susceptibility was high for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (87.5%) and gentamicin (81.25%). Resistance to 3 or more different antibiotics occurred for 14 (87.5%) Staphylococcus aureus. Some ready-to-eat meats in the environs of Bolgatanga are contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus which are resistant to antibiotics, posing a health risk to consumers.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1791463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1745133
F. Hamzah, Firdaus Mohd Hamzah, S. F. Mohd Razali, O. Jaafar, Norhayati Abdul Jamil
Abstract Missing value in hydrological studies is an unexceptional riddle that has long been discussed by researchers. There are various patterns and mechanisms of “missingness” that can occur and this may have an impact on how the researcher should treat the missingness before analyzing the data. Supposing the consequence of missing value is disregarded, the outcomes of the statistical analysis will be influenced and the range of variability in the data will not be appropriately projected. The aim of this paper is to brief the patterns and mechanism of missing data, reviews several infilling techniques that are convenient to time series analyses in streamflow and deliberates some advantages and drawback of these approaches practically. Simplest infilling approaches along with more developed techniques, such as model-based deterministic imputation method and machine learning method, were discussed. We conclude that attention should be given to the method chosen to handle the gaps in hydrological aspects since missing data always result in misinterpretation of the resulting statistics.
{"title":"Imputation methods for recovering streamflow observation: A methodological review","authors":"F. Hamzah, Firdaus Mohd Hamzah, S. F. Mohd Razali, O. Jaafar, Norhayati Abdul Jamil","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1745133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1745133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Missing value in hydrological studies is an unexceptional riddle that has long been discussed by researchers. There are various patterns and mechanisms of “missingness” that can occur and this may have an impact on how the researcher should treat the missingness before analyzing the data. Supposing the consequence of missing value is disregarded, the outcomes of the statistical analysis will be influenced and the range of variability in the data will not be appropriately projected. The aim of this paper is to brief the patterns and mechanism of missing data, reviews several infilling techniques that are convenient to time series analyses in streamflow and deliberates some advantages and drawback of these approaches practically. Simplest infilling approaches along with more developed techniques, such as model-based deterministic imputation method and machine learning method, were discussed. We conclude that attention should be given to the method chosen to handle the gaps in hydrological aspects since missing data always result in misinterpretation of the resulting statistics.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1745133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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