Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1817289
E. Mikhailova, C. Post, M. Schlautman, Gregory C. Post, H. Zurqani
Abstract A “soil carbon hotspot” (SCH) is a geographic area having an abundance of soil carbon, and therefore higher ecosystem services value based on avoided social costs of CO2 emissions. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (TSC) are critical data to help identify SCH at the farm scale, but monetary methods of hotspot evaluation are not well defined. This study provides a first of its kind quantitative example of farm-scale monetary value of soil carbon (C), and mapping of SCH based on avoided social cost of CO2 emissions using both Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database and field measurements. The total calculated monetary value for TSC storage at the Willsboro Farm based on the SSURGO database was about 7.3 million U.S. dollars ($7.3 M), compared to $2.8 M based on field data from averaged soil core results. This difference is attributed to variation in soil sampling methodology, laboratory methods of soil C analyses, and depth of reported soil C results. Despite differences in total monetary valuation, observed trends by soil order were often similar for SSURGO versus field methods, with Alfisols typically having the highest total and area-normalized monetary values for SOC, SIC, and TSC. Farm-scale C accounting provides a more detailed spatial resolution of monetary values and SCH, compared to estimates based on country-level reports in soil survey databases. Delineation and mapping of SCH at the farm scale can be useful tools to define land management zones, to achieve social profit for farmers, and to realize United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on avoided social cost of CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Determining farm-scale site-specific monetary values of “soil carbon hotspots” based on avoided social costs of CO2 emissions","authors":"E. Mikhailova, C. Post, M. Schlautman, Gregory C. Post, H. Zurqani","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1817289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1817289","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A “soil carbon hotspot” (SCH) is a geographic area having an abundance of soil carbon, and therefore higher ecosystem services value based on avoided social costs of CO2 emissions. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (TSC) are critical data to help identify SCH at the farm scale, but monetary methods of hotspot evaluation are not well defined. This study provides a first of its kind quantitative example of farm-scale monetary value of soil carbon (C), and mapping of SCH based on avoided social cost of CO2 emissions using both Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database and field measurements. The total calculated monetary value for TSC storage at the Willsboro Farm based on the SSURGO database was about 7.3 million U.S. dollars ($7.3 M), compared to $2.8 M based on field data from averaged soil core results. This difference is attributed to variation in soil sampling methodology, laboratory methods of soil C analyses, and depth of reported soil C results. Despite differences in total monetary valuation, observed trends by soil order were often similar for SSURGO versus field methods, with Alfisols typically having the highest total and area-normalized monetary values for SOC, SIC, and TSC. Farm-scale C accounting provides a more detailed spatial resolution of monetary values and SCH, compared to estimates based on country-level reports in soil survey databases. Delineation and mapping of SCH at the farm scale can be useful tools to define land management zones, to achieve social profit for farmers, and to realize United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on avoided social cost of CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1817289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49441365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1805959
L. Sokka, T. Lindroos, T. Ekholm, T. Koljonen
Abstract The global temperature has increased over 1 degree since the pre-industrial period. Within the Barents Region, the increase has been ca. 2 degrees, and warming is expected to continue over the next century. Based on energy system analysis with the TIMES-VTT model on the one hand, and a literature review on the other, this study identifies how different economic sectors in the Barents Region are affected by changes in climate, and by the climate change mitigation and adaptation actions in the region. According to the results, the Barents region is likely to be strongly affected by the impacts of climate change despite high spatial variation in the impacts across the Barents region. Changing climate will have severe impacts especially on the more vulnerable sectors, societies, and local environments that have less possibility for adaptation. Political action is needed on national, regional, and municipal levels, but these levels should work together and complement each other. As adaptation is unavoidably required, it is important to highlight and suggest priority areas to national adaptation plans from the Barents region’s perspective. Moreover, collection and utilization of local knowledge in adaptation is crucial.
{"title":"Impacts of climate change and its mitigation in the Barents region","authors":"L. Sokka, T. Lindroos, T. Ekholm, T. Koljonen","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1805959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1805959","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The global temperature has increased over 1 degree since the pre-industrial period. Within the Barents Region, the increase has been ca. 2 degrees, and warming is expected to continue over the next century. Based on energy system analysis with the TIMES-VTT model on the one hand, and a literature review on the other, this study identifies how different economic sectors in the Barents Region are affected by changes in climate, and by the climate change mitigation and adaptation actions in the region. According to the results, the Barents region is likely to be strongly affected by the impacts of climate change despite high spatial variation in the impacts across the Barents region. Changing climate will have severe impacts especially on the more vulnerable sectors, societies, and local environments that have less possibility for adaptation. Political action is needed on national, regional, and municipal levels, but these levels should work together and complement each other. As adaptation is unavoidably required, it is important to highlight and suggest priority areas to national adaptation plans from the Barents region’s perspective. Moreover, collection and utilization of local knowledge in adaptation is crucial.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1805959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45531305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1864870
Khairulmazidah Mohamed, M. I. Majid, Y. Leong, Xiaodong Li
Abstract Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans collectively named dioxins, have long been investigated in numerous ways in their formation and presence in diverse types of matrices, e.g.,, air, soil, food, milk, and tissue, and their effects on human health among others. In the 1970s and 1980s, dioxins and other hazardous pollutants were found to be excessive in the environment prompting a global concern on its restriction and elimination. By year 2000, curbed industrial releases had remarkably lowered dioxin emission. However, dioxin emission continued to be a hazard from non-industrial sources such as forest fires, domestic combustion, and vehicles. In South East Asia, frequent peat fires may have leadingly contributed to the dioxins level in the environment. The objective of this review is to compile related data on dioxins in peats and to theorize the possible source and their formation.
{"title":"Dioxins in peat and its formation: An overview","authors":"Khairulmazidah Mohamed, M. I. Majid, Y. Leong, Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1864870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1864870","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans collectively named dioxins, have long been investigated in numerous ways in their formation and presence in diverse types of matrices, e.g.,, air, soil, food, milk, and tissue, and their effects on human health among others. In the 1970s and 1980s, dioxins and other hazardous pollutants were found to be excessive in the environment prompting a global concern on its restriction and elimination. By year 2000, curbed industrial releases had remarkably lowered dioxin emission. However, dioxin emission continued to be a hazard from non-industrial sources such as forest fires, domestic combustion, and vehicles. In South East Asia, frequent peat fires may have leadingly contributed to the dioxins level in the environment. The objective of this review is to compile related data on dioxins in peats and to theorize the possible source and their formation.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1864870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41634193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1801219
Tirusew Abere, E. Adgo, Selomon Afework
Abstract Understanding the extent and direction of land use/cover change (LULCC) is essential for planning sustainable land management options. Thus, this study examined the trends of LULCC in Northwestern Ethiopia. Panchromatic Aerial photographs of the years 1957 and 1984 QuickBird image (2006) and SPOT image (2016) were used to analyze the dynamics of LULCC. The land use/cover classes were classified using onscreen digitizing method. Six land use/cover types, namely, forest, bush, grazing, cultivated and settlement, degraded and khat plantation, were identified. The result showed that there have been substantial land use/cover change in the last 59 years in Kecha-Laguna micro watersheds. In Kecha micro watershed, cultivated land and settlement areas, degraded land and Khat plantation increased by 31.7%, 6.3% and 3.11%, respectively, at the expense of other land uses/cover types such as forest, bush and grazing land, which declined by 6.86%, 23.5% and 10.8%, respectively. In Laguna micro watershed, cultivated and settlement land, khat plantation and degraded land increased by 12.5%, 3.1% and 14.5%, respectively. While; forest, bush and grazing land declined by 18%, 9.4% and 2.6%, respectively, in the last 59 years. In association with recent watershed development efforts encompassing area enclosures and soil and water conservation practices in the Kecha micro watershed, degraded land reduced by 3.7% while forest land increased by 3.4% between 2006 and 2016. Therefore, proper land management is a key to reduce land degradation and improve forest cover.
{"title":"Trends of land use/cover change in Kecha-Laguna paired micro watersheds, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Tirusew Abere, E. Adgo, Selomon Afework","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1801219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1801219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding the extent and direction of land use/cover change (LULCC) is essential for planning sustainable land management options. Thus, this study examined the trends of LULCC in Northwestern Ethiopia. Panchromatic Aerial photographs of the years 1957 and 1984 QuickBird image (2006) and SPOT image (2016) were used to analyze the dynamics of LULCC. The land use/cover classes were classified using onscreen digitizing method. Six land use/cover types, namely, forest, bush, grazing, cultivated and settlement, degraded and khat plantation, were identified. The result showed that there have been substantial land use/cover change in the last 59 years in Kecha-Laguna micro watersheds. In Kecha micro watershed, cultivated land and settlement areas, degraded land and Khat plantation increased by 31.7%, 6.3% and 3.11%, respectively, at the expense of other land uses/cover types such as forest, bush and grazing land, which declined by 6.86%, 23.5% and 10.8%, respectively. In Laguna micro watershed, cultivated and settlement land, khat plantation and degraded land increased by 12.5%, 3.1% and 14.5%, respectively. While; forest, bush and grazing land declined by 18%, 9.4% and 2.6%, respectively, in the last 59 years. In association with recent watershed development efforts encompassing area enclosures and soil and water conservation practices in the Kecha micro watershed, degraded land reduced by 3.7% while forest land increased by 3.4% between 2006 and 2016. Therefore, proper land management is a key to reduce land degradation and improve forest cover.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1801219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46124878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study assessed the factors which influenced households’ choice of waste disposal methods using cross-sectional data of 547 households from seven districts in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana. Indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes in open spaces by households was the pivotal method of disposal of solid wastes that was analysed using economic theories related to consumption behaviour. We established that large household sizes were associated with increased likelihood of open dumping of solid wastes. Increased likelihood of open dumping of solid wastes by households was also linked to the lack of formal education or schooling of the household head, the availability of electricity inside the premises of the house, which encouraged production activities within the household, and open defecation. Urban households were less likely to engage in open dumping of solid wastes as compared to rural households. The other factors that reduced the likelihood of open dumping of solid wastes were generally in the area of quality of housing services; these were the availability of water inside the household premises, the number of sleeping rooms available to the household, and higher quality of housing services revealed through the willingness-to-pay for rents by householders. Finally, Guan-headed households were less likely to engage in open dumping of solid wastes than non-Guan-headed households, especially those living in rural areas. Rural Guan-headed households had the lowest proportion of open dumping of solid wastes.
{"title":"Indiscriminate open space solid waste dumping behaviour of householders in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana: a political economy analysis","authors":"Theophilus Tweneboah Kodua, Kwabena Asomanin Anaman","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1779553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1779553","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assessed the factors which influenced households’ choice of waste disposal methods using cross-sectional data of 547 households from seven districts in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana. Indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes in open spaces by households was the pivotal method of disposal of solid wastes that was analysed using economic theories related to consumption behaviour. We established that large household sizes were associated with increased likelihood of open dumping of solid wastes. Increased likelihood of open dumping of solid wastes by households was also linked to the lack of formal education or schooling of the household head, the availability of electricity inside the premises of the house, which encouraged production activities within the household, and open defecation. Urban households were less likely to engage in open dumping of solid wastes as compared to rural households. The other factors that reduced the likelihood of open dumping of solid wastes were generally in the area of quality of housing services; these were the availability of water inside the household premises, the number of sleeping rooms available to the household, and higher quality of housing services revealed through the willingness-to-pay for rents by householders. Finally, Guan-headed households were less likely to engage in open dumping of solid wastes than non-Guan-headed households, especially those living in rural areas. Rural Guan-headed households had the lowest proportion of open dumping of solid wastes.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1779553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60067895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1754107
Henrik Haller, A. Jonsson, Joel Ljunggren, E. Hedenström
Abstract Polluted land in marginalized regions, such as tropical low-income countries and sparsely populated regions in industrialised countries, demand special remediation strategies that are energy-efficient, locally adapted, economically viable. Strategies for appropriate bioremediation technology under such circumstances can be based on locally available resources in combination with in situ bioremediation technologies to keep energy and material costs down. A pilot scale experiment was set up to test the application of three organic by-products from the local industry (whey, pyroligneous acid and compost tea) to enhance the natural biodegradation of diesel in ultisol. Biweekly applications of 6 mL whey kg−1 soil significantly increased the degradation rate but no positive effect on degradation was found with any of the other amendments. Tropical climate is favourable for biodegradation but many tropical soils are rich in clay which can inhibit the bioavailability of the pollutant which in turn may be decisive for biodegradation kinetics. If low cost is a crucial factor, our results indicate that whey treatment has the potential to be an appropriate technology for treating petroleum-contaminated soils in tropical regions.
{"title":"Appropriate technology for soil remediation in tropical low-income countries - a pilot scale test of three different amendments for accelerated biodegradation of diesel fuel in Ultisol","authors":"Henrik Haller, A. Jonsson, Joel Ljunggren, E. Hedenström","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1754107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1754107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polluted land in marginalized regions, such as tropical low-income countries and sparsely populated regions in industrialised countries, demand special remediation strategies that are energy-efficient, locally adapted, economically viable. Strategies for appropriate bioremediation technology under such circumstances can be based on locally available resources in combination with in situ bioremediation technologies to keep energy and material costs down. A pilot scale experiment was set up to test the application of three organic by-products from the local industry (whey, pyroligneous acid and compost tea) to enhance the natural biodegradation of diesel in ultisol. Biweekly applications of 6 mL whey kg−1 soil significantly increased the degradation rate but no positive effect on degradation was found with any of the other amendments. Tropical climate is favourable for biodegradation but many tropical soils are rich in clay which can inhibit the bioavailability of the pollutant which in turn may be decisive for biodegradation kinetics. If low cost is a crucial factor, our results indicate that whey treatment has the potential to be an appropriate technology for treating petroleum-contaminated soils in tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1754107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45686955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1743626
A. A. Mahmood, M. Elektorowicz
Abstract Mine tailings are the byproducts of the mining industry. For many decades these tailings used to be stored in specially formed tailings ponds. This method of storage has caused several environmental disasters, coupled in some instances with human fatalities. These catastrophes prompted a change in the management strategy of tailings. This change started with attempting to solidify the tailings to immobilize them and reduce their hazard. As part of this new strategy, and in an effort to investigate the applicability of using mine tailings as a construction material, this study is an attempt to investigate the porosity dependent strength and leachability of newly formed mine tailings matrices. And to evaluate the applicability of using four different theoretical models to predict the strength of these matrices. For this purpose, two mine tailings, Musselwhite and Mont Wright, from the Eastern parts of Canada have been selected. In this study, solidification of the newly formed tailings matrices was investigated using Ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, slag and the new binder Calsifrit. Results show that using Calsifrit as a partial cement replacement, in addition to slag and fly ash, reduced the porosity of the tailings matrices. The leaching test showed that several types of heavy metals have a high percentage of retention in these matrices. Compressive strength results indicate that the tailings matrices are suitable as construction materials for certain structural applications. However, current theoretical models overpredict their strength and overprediction increases when fly ash or slag are added to the mix.
{"title":"An investigation of the porosity dependent strength and leachability of mine tailings matrices containing heavy metals","authors":"A. A. Mahmood, M. Elektorowicz","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1743626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1743626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mine tailings are the byproducts of the mining industry. For many decades these tailings used to be stored in specially formed tailings ponds. This method of storage has caused several environmental disasters, coupled in some instances with human fatalities. These catastrophes prompted a change in the management strategy of tailings. This change started with attempting to solidify the tailings to immobilize them and reduce their hazard. As part of this new strategy, and in an effort to investigate the applicability of using mine tailings as a construction material, this study is an attempt to investigate the porosity dependent strength and leachability of newly formed mine tailings matrices. And to evaluate the applicability of using four different theoretical models to predict the strength of these matrices. For this purpose, two mine tailings, Musselwhite and Mont Wright, from the Eastern parts of Canada have been selected. In this study, solidification of the newly formed tailings matrices was investigated using Ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, slag and the new binder Calsifrit. Results show that using Calsifrit as a partial cement replacement, in addition to slag and fly ash, reduced the porosity of the tailings matrices. The leaching test showed that several types of heavy metals have a high percentage of retention in these matrices. Compressive strength results indicate that the tailings matrices are suitable as construction materials for certain structural applications. However, current theoretical models overpredict their strength and overprediction increases when fly ash or slag are added to the mix.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1743626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Tigray regional government has proposed land use land cover (LULC) change due to the 5-year growth and transformation plan (GTP). This LULC change could have an effect on hydrological flow. Hence, quantifying the hydrological flow coming due to the LULC change is important for decision making. Considering this, we set out to assess the impact of LULC change on hydrological flow of Gibe catchment using three LULC scenarios as compared to the base year (2010). The three scenarios were, increasing forest area, plantations/area closure and grass lands by 400, 200, and 200% from the base year, respectively. SWAT model was used to simulate the hydrological flow. The model was run on a daily time series for 7 years: calibrated during the 5 years (1998–2002), and validated during the 2 years (2003–2004). The simulated daily flow showed a good agreement to the observed flow with NSE = 0.81, R2 = 0.78 and PBIAS = −6.85 % for calibration, and NSE = 0.79, R2 = 0.75 and PBIAS = −7.52 for validation. The simulation result of the hydrological flow under the scenarios showed that increasing forest, plantation/area closure, and grass land have reduced the annual flow by 8.61, 4.65, and 1.45%, respectively. Reducing the hydrological flow could increase ground water potential and dry season base flow, which can be used for irrigation. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should strengthen the policy on natural resources management.
{"title":"The effects of land use land cover change on hydrological flow in Giba catchment, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Gebrejewergs Aredehey, Atinkut Mezgebu, Atkilt Girma","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1785780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1785780","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tigray regional government has proposed land use land cover (LULC) change due to the 5-year growth and transformation plan (GTP). This LULC change could have an effect on hydrological flow. Hence, quantifying the hydrological flow coming due to the LULC change is important for decision making. Considering this, we set out to assess the impact of LULC change on hydrological flow of Gibe catchment using three LULC scenarios as compared to the base year (2010). The three scenarios were, increasing forest area, plantations/area closure and grass lands by 400, 200, and 200% from the base year, respectively. SWAT model was used to simulate the hydrological flow. The model was run on a daily time series for 7 years: calibrated during the 5 years (1998–2002), and validated during the 2 years (2003–2004). The simulated daily flow showed a good agreement to the observed flow with NSE = 0.81, R2 = 0.78 and PBIAS = −6.85 % for calibration, and NSE = 0.79, R2 = 0.75 and PBIAS = −7.52 for validation. The simulation result of the hydrological flow under the scenarios showed that increasing forest, plantation/area closure, and grass land have reduced the annual flow by 8.61, 4.65, and 1.45%, respectively. Reducing the hydrological flow could increase ground water potential and dry season base flow, which can be used for irrigation. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should strengthen the policy on natural resources management.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1785780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47338126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1778996
Sofonyas Dargie, Lemma Wogi, S. Kidanu
Abstract The study was initiated to investigate the effects of slow nitrogen-releasing fertilizer (UREAStabil) on yield, yield components and nitrogen use efficiency indices of bread wheat at Emba Alaje and Hawzien Districts in Tigray, Ethiopia in 2015 at six farmers’ field and arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were four levels of nitrogen (0, 32, 64 and 96) kg ha−1. The nitrogen source was UREAStabil, which is slow N-releasing fertilizer. Conventional urea at the recommended rate (64 kg N ha−1) was included as a positive control at both sites. A full dose of UREAStabil were applied at planting while prilled urea (conventional urea) was applied in two splits 1/3 at planting and 2/3 at tillering. Application of UREAStabil significantly influenced yield and yield components at both soil types. The highest grain yield was obtained on plots treated with 64 kg N ha−1 in the form of UREAStabil and prilled urea (conventional urea) in Hawzien and Emba Alaje districts, respectively. The highest nitrogen uptake was recorded on plots treated with 64 kg N ha−1in the form of UREAStabil and prilled urea (conventional urea) in Hawzien and Emba Alaje, respectively. Nitrogen uptake, agronomic, physiological and apparent recovery efficiency were significantly influenced by the application of slow-releasing and conventional nitrogen fertilizers at both sites. In Hawzien, the application of slow-releasing N fertilizer in the form of UREAStabil reduces the amount of N used and application time. Hence, it could be concluded application of slow-releasing fertilizer could be used as an alternative source of nitrogen for wheat production in the study site.
摘要本研究于2015年在埃塞俄比亚提格雷的Emba Alaje和Hawzien地区的六个农民田间启动，以随机完全区组设计和三次重复的方式，研究了缓释氮肥（UREAStabil）对面包小麦产量、产量组成和氮利用效率指数的影响。处理为四个水平的氮（0、32、64和96）kg ha−1。氮源为UREAStabil，这是一种缓慢释放氮的肥料。在这两个地点，均将推荐速率的常规尿素（64 kg N ha−1）作为阳性对照。在种植时施用全剂量的UREAStabil，而造粒尿素（常规尿素）在种植时分为三分之一和分蘖时分为二分之一施用。UREAStabil的施用显著影响了两种土壤类型的产量和产量组成。在Hawzien和Emba-Alaje区，分别用64kg N ha−1的UREAStabil和造粒尿素（传统尿素）处理的地块获得了最高的粮食产量。在Hawzien和Emba-Alaje分别用64kg N ha−1的UREAStabil和造粒尿素（传统尿素）处理的地块上，氮吸收量最高。缓释氮肥和常规氮肥对两个地点的氮素吸收、农艺、生理和表观恢复效率都有显著影响。在Hawzien，施用UREAStabil形式的缓释氮肥可以减少氮的使用量和施用时间。因此，可以得出结论，施用缓释肥料可以作为研究地点小麦生产的替代氮源。
{"title":"Nitrogen use efficiency, yield and yield traits of wheat response to slow-releasing N fertilizer under balanced fertilization in Vertisols and Cambisols of Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Sofonyas Dargie, Lemma Wogi, S. Kidanu","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1778996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1778996","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study was initiated to investigate the effects of slow nitrogen-releasing fertilizer (UREAStabil) on yield, yield components and nitrogen use efficiency indices of bread wheat at Emba Alaje and Hawzien Districts in Tigray, Ethiopia in 2015 at six farmers’ field and arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were four levels of nitrogen (0, 32, 64 and 96) kg ha−1. The nitrogen source was UREAStabil, which is slow N-releasing fertilizer. Conventional urea at the recommended rate (64 kg N ha−1) was included as a positive control at both sites. A full dose of UREAStabil were applied at planting while prilled urea (conventional urea) was applied in two splits 1/3 at planting and 2/3 at tillering. Application of UREAStabil significantly influenced yield and yield components at both soil types. The highest grain yield was obtained on plots treated with 64 kg N ha−1 in the form of UREAStabil and prilled urea (conventional urea) in Hawzien and Emba Alaje districts, respectively. The highest nitrogen uptake was recorded on plots treated with 64 kg N ha−1in the form of UREAStabil and prilled urea (conventional urea) in Hawzien and Emba Alaje, respectively. Nitrogen uptake, agronomic, physiological and apparent recovery efficiency were significantly influenced by the application of slow-releasing and conventional nitrogen fertilizers at both sites. In Hawzien, the application of slow-releasing N fertilizer in the form of UREAStabil reduces the amount of N used and application time. Hence, it could be concluded application of slow-releasing fertilizer could be used as an alternative source of nitrogen for wheat production in the study site.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1778996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47711151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2020.1712146
Javad Farjami, S. Dehyouri, M. Mohamadi
Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of innovation management on recycling products and to use a new method based on artificial intelligence and a machine learning for innovative product recycled management. To this end, 170 employees of fruit and berry fields were selected among the municipality of Tehran in 2015 by proportional sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the attitude towards waste recycling and recycling behavior. To calculate the correlation assumptions from SPSS software, the results of the first and second group questionnaires are compared with SPSS software. To analyze the data and the results of the questionnaire in each step, based on the support machine, the Matlab software is used. The results of the research showed that: (1) a new method based on artificial intelligence and machine learning can be used for innovative product recycling. (2) Innovation management affects the recycling of products. (3) There is a significant relationship between innovation management indicators and product recycling plans. (4) Investigating the Support Vector Machine (SVM) in measuring the standardized researcher-made questionnaire on waste recycling and recycling behavior.
{"title":"Evaluation of waste recycling of fruits based on Support Vector Machine (SVM)","authors":"Javad Farjami, S. Dehyouri, M. Mohamadi","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2020.1712146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1712146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of innovation management on recycling products and to use a new method based on artificial intelligence and a machine learning for innovative product recycled management. To this end, 170 employees of fruit and berry fields were selected among the municipality of Tehran in 2015 by proportional sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the attitude towards waste recycling and recycling behavior. To calculate the correlation assumptions from SPSS software, the results of the first and second group questionnaires are compared with SPSS software. To analyze the data and the results of the questionnaire in each step, based on the support machine, the Matlab software is used. The results of the research showed that: (1) a new method based on artificial intelligence and machine learning can be used for innovative product recycling. (2) Innovation management affects the recycling of products. (3) There is a significant relationship between innovation management indicators and product recycling plans. (4) Investigating the Support Vector Machine (SVM) in measuring the standardized researcher-made questionnaire on waste recycling and recycling behavior.","PeriodicalId":45615,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23311843.2020.1712146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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