Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1177/02697580211035585
Beulah Shekhar
This research paper is a stringent analysis of the condition of commercial sex workers in India and what is happening to them in this pandemic-stricken time. The study details their economic condition and what is forcing them to borrow money from treacherous lenders despite knowing the risks behind it. Apart from being exploited financially, they are also becoming vulnerable for sexual, emotional, and physical exploitation, worsening their situation even further. The research findings show that 90% of commercial sex workers in red light areas will be forced into a debt trap that is non-repayable in their lifetime, making it a massive movement of commercial sex workers entering into bonded labour, another form of modern-day slavery. Apart from the financial peril, poverty is forcing them to be in a situation of major health hazard. Being deprived of customers for so long, they might be forced to work in this uncertain situation making it an optimum ground for a super-spread of the virus. A rapid assessment method has been used to collect the data from numerous commercial sex workers across the nation. The collected data are analysed using qualitative analysis and also visualized for better understanding. As a means to provide tangible alternative solutions to the problem, the study strongly recommends occupational training programs for commercial sex workers that provide a transition into alternative livelihoods, government action against predatory high-interest loans, and the redevelopment of red light areas where economic returns can be reinvested into commercial sex worker retraining programs.
{"title":"The debt trap, a shadow pandemic for commercial sex workers: Vulnerability, impact, and action.","authors":"Beulah Shekhar","doi":"10.1177/02697580211035585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02697580211035585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper is a stringent analysis of the condition of commercial sex workers in India and what is happening to them in this pandemic-stricken time. The study details their economic condition and what is forcing them to borrow money from treacherous lenders despite knowing the risks behind it. Apart from being exploited financially, they are also becoming vulnerable for sexual, emotional, and physical exploitation, worsening their situation even further. The research findings show that 90% of commercial sex workers in red light areas will be forced into a debt trap that is non-repayable in their lifetime, making it a massive movement of commercial sex workers entering into bonded labour, another form of modern-day slavery. Apart from the financial peril, poverty is forcing them to be in a situation of major health hazard. Being deprived of customers for so long, they might be forced to work in this uncertain situation making it an optimum ground for a super-spread of the virus. A rapid assessment method has been used to collect the data from numerous commercial sex workers across the nation. The collected data are analysed using qualitative analysis and also visualized for better understanding. As a means to provide tangible alternative solutions to the problem, the study strongly recommends occupational training programs for commercial sex workers that provide a transition into alternative livelihoods, government action against predatory high-interest loans, and the redevelopment of red light areas where economic returns can be reinvested into commercial sex worker retraining programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"106-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076983/pdf/10.1177_02697580211035585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9284170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/02697580221088340
Lisa De La Rue, Lilyana Ortega, Gena Castro Rodriguez
Often left out of conversations around criminal justice reform are the victims of violent crimes. One group of people who have the needs of crime victims at the forefront of their work are victim advocates. The current study examines barriers and resources for victim advocates in being able to do their work of supporting crime victims. Through interviews with nine system-based victim advocates points of intervention are identified, which if improved would allow victim advocates to better be able to support victims of crimes. Using principles of grounded theory analysis, four themes emerged: building partnerships and community support, intersectionality, resources and supports, and bureaucracy. In order to better support victim advocates in their work, systems need to remove bureaucratic barriers. There is also a need for access to culturally sensitive mental health services and supports.
{"title":"System-based victim advocates identify resources and barriers to supporting crime victims.","authors":"Lisa De La Rue, Lilyana Ortega, Gena Castro Rodriguez","doi":"10.1177/02697580221088340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221088340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Often left out of conversations around criminal justice reform are the victims of violent crimes. One group of people who have the needs of crime victims at the forefront of their work are victim advocates. The current study examines barriers and resources for victim advocates in being able to do their work of supporting crime victims. Through interviews with nine system-based victim advocates points of intervention are identified, which if improved would allow victim advocates to better be able to support victims of crimes. Using principles of grounded theory analysis, four themes emerged: building partnerships and community support, intersectionality, resources and supports, and bureaucracy. In order to better support victim advocates in their work, systems need to remove bureaucratic barriers. There is also a need for access to culturally sensitive mental health services and supports.</p>","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9837801/pdf/nihms-1860998.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10595199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1177/02697580221141105
Michelle N. Harris, L. Daigle
Research examining prevalence rates and risk factors related to victimization for people with mental disorders has procured considerable attention. Despite this increased attention, why a subset of this population is not victimized, despite elevated risk, is less understood. That is, there is a group of people with mental disorders who are effectively resilient from victimization, but the ways in which resiliency is produced is not known. Using the National Comorbidity Study–Adolescent supplement data, the applicability of numerous resiliency models is examined to identify and understand how the resiliency from victimization process operates for people with mental disorders. Building off previous work, factors specific to mental illness are also included in additional models to examine whether the same factors relate to resiliency for people with mental illness as they do for other samples. Results indicate support for the compensatory and protective-protective resilience models when mental health-specific factors are excluded from the analyses. Results change, however, when mental health-specific variables are included in the analyses, suggesting the need for continued research on resiliency for this population.
{"title":"Resiliency from violent victimization for people with mental disorders: An examination of multiple resiliency models","authors":"Michelle N. Harris, L. Daigle","doi":"10.1177/02697580221141105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221141105","url":null,"abstract":"Research examining prevalence rates and risk factors related to victimization for people with mental disorders has procured considerable attention. Despite this increased attention, why a subset of this population is not victimized, despite elevated risk, is less understood. That is, there is a group of people with mental disorders who are effectively resilient from victimization, but the ways in which resiliency is produced is not known. Using the National Comorbidity Study–Adolescent supplement data, the applicability of numerous resiliency models is examined to identify and understand how the resiliency from victimization process operates for people with mental disorders. Building off previous work, factors specific to mental illness are also included in additional models to examine whether the same factors relate to resiliency for people with mental illness as they do for other samples. Results indicate support for the compensatory and protective-protective resilience models when mental health-specific factors are excluded from the analyses. Results change, however, when mental health-specific variables are included in the analyses, suggesting the need for continued research on resiliency for this population.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"420 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42260499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.1177/02697580221145060
J. Shapland, D. Miers, Edna Erez, Tinneke Van Camp, Jo-Anne M. Wemmers
{"title":"Leslie Sebba – An appreciation","authors":"J. Shapland, D. Miers, Edna Erez, Tinneke Van Camp, Jo-Anne M. Wemmers","doi":"10.1177/02697580221145060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221145060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"150 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45238326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1177/02697580221125880
TK Logan, Jennifer Landhuis
Stalking victimization, regardless of victim–stalker relationship, has been associated with negative consequences including high fear levels, mental health problems, and resource losses. Much of the research on stalking has focused on (ex)partner stalking victim experiences and consequences; however, many women are stalked by acquaintances. This is one of the first studies to examine acquaintance stalking victims who did ( n = 140) and who did not ( n = 222) experience negative work consequences from stalking victimization. Results found that just over half of the acquaintance stalking victims indicated the stalker was someone from work or school. Overall, many acquaintance stalking victims regardless of work losses experienced work interference, although those with work losses experienced increased work interference and job performance problems. Additionally, stalking victims with negative work consequences experienced more stalking threats, life interference, more non-work-related resource losses, and had higher stalking-related fear levels than victims without work losses. Regardless of group, stalking victims lost an average of nine different resources other than work losses, and resource losses were associated with current negative mental health symptoms and help-seeking. Help-seeking, outside of friends or family, even though they endured stalking for an average of almost 2 years, was low for all of the victims. However, acquaintance stalking victims with work losses sought help from more sources on average. Implications from this study suggest that safety at work should be a primary concern for all types of stalking victims, and workplace policies should consider stalking as a separate category of victimization.
{"title":"Acquaintance stalking victim experiences of work interference, resource loss, and help-seeking","authors":"TK Logan, Jennifer Landhuis","doi":"10.1177/02697580221125880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221125880","url":null,"abstract":"Stalking victimization, regardless of victim–stalker relationship, has been associated with negative consequences including high fear levels, mental health problems, and resource losses. Much of the research on stalking has focused on (ex)partner stalking victim experiences and consequences; however, many women are stalked by acquaintances. This is one of the first studies to examine acquaintance stalking victims who did ( n = 140) and who did not ( n = 222) experience negative work consequences from stalking victimization. Results found that just over half of the acquaintance stalking victims indicated the stalker was someone from work or school. Overall, many acquaintance stalking victims regardless of work losses experienced work interference, although those with work losses experienced increased work interference and job performance problems. Additionally, stalking victims with negative work consequences experienced more stalking threats, life interference, more non-work-related resource losses, and had higher stalking-related fear levels than victims without work losses. Regardless of group, stalking victims lost an average of nine different resources other than work losses, and resource losses were associated with current negative mental health symptoms and help-seeking. Help-seeking, outside of friends or family, even though they endured stalking for an average of almost 2 years, was low for all of the victims. However, acquaintance stalking victims with work losses sought help from more sources on average. Implications from this study suggest that safety at work should be a primary concern for all types of stalking victims, and workplace policies should consider stalking as a separate category of victimization.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41885585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1177/02697580221132569
A. Holt
This book is a timely and important contribution to the victims’ rights debate. Without clarification of the Rome Statute or jurisprudence, the framework for allowing victim participation is unlikely to change, meaning that the questions about who can participate, how they participate, and whether and how reparations can be made will remain open challenges. The authors’ thoroughness has allowed identification of the structural issues within the ICC’s framework for victim participation, which will be difficult to overcome. Calling attention to these issues will be likely to help improve victims’ rights allowing for more effective and meaningful participation in the future.
{"title":"Book review: A Victim Community: Stigma and the Media Legacy of High-Profile Crime","authors":"A. Holt","doi":"10.1177/02697580221132569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221132569","url":null,"abstract":"This book is a timely and important contribution to the victims’ rights debate. Without clarification of the Rome Statute or jurisprudence, the framework for allowing victim participation is unlikely to change, meaning that the questions about who can participate, how they participate, and whether and how reparations can be made will remain open challenges. The authors’ thoroughness has allowed identification of the structural issues within the ICC’s framework for victim participation, which will be difficult to overcome. Calling attention to these issues will be likely to help improve victims’ rights allowing for more effective and meaningful participation in the future.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"148 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45778041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1177/02697580221127436
M. Coleman
{"title":"Book review: Christoph Safferling Gurgen Petrossian Victims Before the International Criminal Court: Definition, Participation, Reparation","authors":"M. Coleman","doi":"10.1177/02697580221127436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221127436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"146 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1177/02697580221128830
Jo-Anne M. Wemmers, I. Parent, Marika Lachance Quirion
Victimization, and in particular sexual violence, undermines victims’ confidence and self-esteem. Victims often feel guilty and blame themselves for what happened. Fearing negative reactions, victims of sexual violence are often reluctant to report the crime to police. When victims do report to the police, the criminal justice process is often difficult and most sexual violence cases do not end in a conviction. Restorative practices (hereafter RP) have been presented both as a possible alternative and a complement to the criminal justice process, which could improve victims’ experiences. However, there is also considerable resistance to the use of RP in cases of gender-based violence. Using a victim-centred lens, in which it is seen as a reaction to victimization that aims to address the needs of the victim and allow them to advance in their healing process, we examine RP. Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 victims of sexual violence in Canada who participated in RP, we explore the healing potential for victims. We conclude that for victims of sexual violence, victim-centred RP should be viewed as a tool for victim support and not only as another tool in the criminal justice toolkit.
{"title":"Restoring victims’ confidence: Victim-centred restorative practices","authors":"Jo-Anne M. Wemmers, I. Parent, Marika Lachance Quirion","doi":"10.1177/02697580221128830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221128830","url":null,"abstract":"Victimization, and in particular sexual violence, undermines victims’ confidence and self-esteem. Victims often feel guilty and blame themselves for what happened. Fearing negative reactions, victims of sexual violence are often reluctant to report the crime to police. When victims do report to the police, the criminal justice process is often difficult and most sexual violence cases do not end in a conviction. Restorative practices (hereafter RP) have been presented both as a possible alternative and a complement to the criminal justice process, which could improve victims’ experiences. However, there is also considerable resistance to the use of RP in cases of gender-based violence. Using a victim-centred lens, in which it is seen as a reaction to victimization that aims to address the needs of the victim and allow them to advance in their healing process, we examine RP. Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 victims of sexual violence in Canada who participated in RP, we explore the healing potential for victims. We conclude that for victims of sexual violence, victim-centred RP should be viewed as a tool for victim support and not only as another tool in the criminal justice toolkit.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"466 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43860422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1177/02697580221130369
Brittany Gilmer, Susan Dewey
Interactions between long-term hostages and hostage takers remain undertheorized in criminology, and the present study attempts to fill this gap by utilizing testimonials from long-term hostages held aboard ships. We argue that seafarer hostages’ testimonials depict hijacked vessels as carceral sites that reflect and reproduce the global economic inequalities and racialized patterns of violence undergirding the broader geopolitics of piracy. Utilizing a threefold theoretical framework that unites and builds upon narrative inquiry, narrative criminology and victimology, and thanatopolitics, our analytical energies focus on the centrality of ontologies of death in hostages’ accounts of being held for ransom aboard ships. Our findings emphasize how ontologies of death evident in ransom piracy hostages’ accounts represent the hostage experience as encompassing different states of death, with hostages describing death as a real and ever-present threat that variously encompasses a psychological state of survival, a dehumanizing force, and a disciplinary tactic.
{"title":"Dying to survive: Ransom piracy and ontologies of death in Coastal Somalia","authors":"Brittany Gilmer, Susan Dewey","doi":"10.1177/02697580221130369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221130369","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between long-term hostages and hostage takers remain undertheorized in criminology, and the present study attempts to fill this gap by utilizing testimonials from long-term hostages held aboard ships. We argue that seafarer hostages’ testimonials depict hijacked vessels as carceral sites that reflect and reproduce the global economic inequalities and racialized patterns of violence undergirding the broader geopolitics of piracy. Utilizing a threefold theoretical framework that unites and builds upon narrative inquiry, narrative criminology and victimology, and thanatopolitics, our analytical energies focus on the centrality of ontologies of death in hostages’ accounts of being held for ransom aboard ships. Our findings emphasize how ontologies of death evident in ransom piracy hostages’ accounts represent the hostage experience as encompassing different states of death, with hostages describing death as a real and ever-present threat that variously encompasses a psychological state of survival, a dehumanizing force, and a disciplinary tactic.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41681178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1177/02697580221112677
Leanne M. Kelly, Anthony Ware, V. Ware, E. Wachter, Rachel Hall
This paper assesses the transferability of the concept of everyday peace, developed in the conflict and peace studies literature, to practices utilised by people experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). The relevance of everyday peace to IPV is assessed by mapping typologies of the concept against behaviour that victims implement to manage and survive abusive relationships. To collect these data, experienced family violence practitioners were asked to recount practice-based information about everyday strategies that victims use to avoid triggering or to de-escalate a perpetrator, thereby minimising immediate harm coming to themselves or others. Theming these behaviours against typologies of everyday peace demonstrated the significant relevance of this theory to IPV. As such, we suggest that everyday peace is a useful conceptual framework to apply to family violence. Our analysis finds that the everyday peace framework is particularly helpful for exploring victim agency in these contexts, reframing mundane and everyday strategies as agentic. In addition, everyday peace offers a means for better understanding victims’ actions, which could help develop more effective service responses supporting choice and agency in IPV situations.
{"title":"Everyday peace as a theory to explain victims’ peacemaking actions in intimate partner violence situations","authors":"Leanne M. Kelly, Anthony Ware, V. Ware, E. Wachter, Rachel Hall","doi":"10.1177/02697580221112677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580221112677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the transferability of the concept of everyday peace, developed in the conflict and peace studies literature, to practices utilised by people experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). The relevance of everyday peace to IPV is assessed by mapping typologies of the concept against behaviour that victims implement to manage and survive abusive relationships. To collect these data, experienced family violence practitioners were asked to recount practice-based information about everyday strategies that victims use to avoid triggering or to de-escalate a perpetrator, thereby minimising immediate harm coming to themselves or others. Theming these behaviours against typologies of everyday peace demonstrated the significant relevance of this theory to IPV. As such, we suggest that everyday peace is a useful conceptual framework to apply to family violence. Our analysis finds that the everyday peace framework is particularly helpful for exploring victim agency in these contexts, reframing mundane and everyday strategies as agentic. In addition, everyday peace offers a means for better understanding victims’ actions, which could help develop more effective service responses supporting choice and agency in IPV situations.","PeriodicalId":45622,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Victimology","volume":"29 1","pages":"321 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46081401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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