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On the fringes of empire? Rethinking suburbs as colonial spaces in early modern South and Southeast Asia 帝国的边缘?反思近代早期南亚和东南亚作为殖民空间的郊区
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000427
Dries Lyna
This survey challenges conventional perceptions of colonial suburbs in the early modern Indian Ocean world in general, and those under the rule of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in particular. Recent urban research advocates re-evaluating suburbs as intricate and diverse spaces, yet this shift has had limited impact on historical studies of early modern colonialism. The survey highlights the importance of recognizing suburban regions in eighteenth-century settlements such as Cape Town, Cochin, Colombo or Batavia, where significant population growth resulted from inter-Asian and internal migration. These areas fostered ethnic and cultural diversity, disrupting normative ideas of segregation. By shifting the analytical focus from the core to the periphery and exploring colonial histories from an outside-in perspective, the contribution emphasizes the potential of a more horizontal approach to sub/urbanity for understanding early modern colonial societies, encouraging scholars to delve into the intersection of ‘the imperial’ and ‘the urban’.
这项调查挑战了现代早期印度洋世界,特别是荷兰东印度公司(VOC)统治下的殖民郊区的传统观念。近期的城市研究主张将郊区作为错综复杂的多样化空间进行重新评估,但这种转变对早期现代殖民主义历史研究的影响有限。调查强调了在开普敦、科钦、科伦坡或巴达维亚等十八世纪定居点认识郊区的重要性,在这些地方,亚洲人和国内移民带来了大量人口增长。这些地区促进了种族和文化的多样性,打破了规范的隔离观念。通过将分析重点从核心转向外围,并从外向内的视角探索殖民历史,这篇论文强调了以更加横向的方法来研究次城市/城市化对于理解早期现代殖民社会的潜力,鼓励学者们深入研究 "帝国 "与 "城市 "的交汇点。
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引用次数: 0
Toward a Japanese paradigm of settler-colonial urbanism? 日本的定居殖民城市化范例?
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000452
Michael Thornton

The city of Sapporo, founded in 1869 by the Japanese government as a colonial headquarters in Hokkaido, developed as part of a global wave of settler-colonial urbanism. Like counterparts in North America and Australia, Sapporo facilitated economic, environmental and political transformations across Hokkaido that led to the displacement of Indigenous Ainu society by a soon overwhelming number of ethnically Japanese settlers. However, several historical factors distinguish Sapporo’s settler-colonial urbanism from its peers, including the long history of relations between the Ainu and Japanese; the heavy role of the Japanese state in Sapporo; and the lack of mass relocations of the Ainu to reservations far from their traditional homes.

札幌市是日本政府于 1869 年在北海道建立的殖民地总部所在地,是全球定居殖民城市化浪潮的一部分。与北美和澳大利亚的同类城市一样,札幌促进了整个北海道的经济、环境和政治变革,导致原住民阿伊努社会很快被大量日本裔定居者所取代。然而,札幌的定居者殖民城市化有几个不同于其他城市的历史因素,包括阿伊努人与日本人之间的长期关系、日本国家在札幌扮演的重要角色,以及没有将阿伊努人大规模迁移到远离其传统家园的保留地。
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引用次数: 0
International zones in global urban history 全球城市史中的国际区
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000415
Anna Ross

This survey introduces the reader to the history of international zones. It argues that they offer striking insights into peacekeeping during the transition from a world of formal empires to one dominated by sovereign states. While the study of international zones is not new, there has been little examination of internationalization in practice. The survey suggests some of the benefits of adopting this approach and findings it might unearth.

本调查报告向读者介绍了国际区的历史。它认为,国际区为从形式上的帝国世界向主权国家主导的世界过渡期间的维和行动提供了惊人的洞察力。虽然对国际区的研究并不新鲜,但对国际化实践的研究却很少。本调查提出了采用这种方法的一些益处以及可能发现的发现。
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引用次数: 0
Were post-colonial cities US imperial cities? 后殖民城市是美国的帝国城市吗?
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000397
Cyrus Schayegh

This exploratory text proposes a US imperial ‘research perspective’ on post-war post-colonial cities – cities that the United States did not colonially occupy, i.e. not cities like Manila, 1898–1946. US imperial actors and interests helped shape such cities, and in turn were shaped by their people and structures. Importantly, the US case seems to strengthen the general recent view, also regarding formal empires, that it makes little sense to posit the existence of an imperial city type, and more sense to use ‘the imperial urban’ as a research perspective.

这篇探索性文章提出了一个美帝国主义的 "研究视角",即战后后殖民城市--美国没有殖民占领的城市,即不包括马尼拉(1898-1946 年)这样的城市。美帝国主义的行动者和利益帮助塑造了这些城市,反过来,这些城市的人民和结构也塑造了这些城市。重要的是,美国的案例似乎加强了近来关于正式帝国的普遍观点,即认为存在一种帝国城市类型意义不大,而使用 "帝国城市 "作为研究视角更有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Egalitarian greetings: the social spread of the handshake in urbanizing Britain, 1700–1850 平等主义的问候:1700-1850 年英国城市化进程中握手的社会传播
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000385
Penelope J. Corfield
Handshaking has a long multi-cultural history. This article focuses upon its diffusion in Britain 1700–1850. Two networks boosted the handshaking salutation. One was a mercantile network, extending across Europe’s urban/commercial regions. The other featured ‘middling sort’ Quaker men and women, who shook hands on principle. Gradually, the salutation became widely diffused – and acquired a range of egalitarian meanings. Handshaking was not an elite practice which ‘trickled down’ to the masses. Instead, it spread by social negotiation both ‘upwards’ and ‘downwards’ from middle-class society. Traditional hierarchy was yielding to an urbanizing and internationalizing world – with multiple individual options.
握手有着悠久的多元文化历史。本文重点介绍 1700-1850 年握手礼在英国的传播情况。有两个网络推动了握手礼的发展。一个是遍布欧洲城市/商业区的商业网络。另一个是 "中产阶级 "贵格会男女,他们按原则握手。渐渐地,握手礼被广泛传播,并获得了一系列平等主义的含义。握手并不是一种 "涓滴 "流向大众的精英习俗。相反,它是通过社会协商从中产阶级社会 "向上 "和 "向下 "传播的。传统的等级制度正在屈服于一个城市化和国际化的世界--一个有多种个人选择的世界。
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引用次数: 0
Enfolding empire into 1930s London: the India Round Table Conference 在 20 世纪 30 年代的伦敦塑造帝国:印度圆桌会议
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000439
Stephen Legg
This survey reflects on the intersections of global and urban history through brief reflections on the Round Table Conference which took place over three sessions in London between 1930 and 1932. Uniting Indian representatives and the British government in London to solve political stalemate in South Asia, the conference provides a dramatic event through which to explore the enfolding of the British empire into the imperial capital. But the conference was also indebted to international and global connections and comparisons which intersected in the intimate spaces of diplomatic networking in the capital.
本调查通过对 1930 年至 1932 年期间在伦敦举行的三次圆桌会议的简要思考,反映了全球历史与城市历史的交汇。印度代表和英国政府在伦敦联合解决南亚的政治僵局,这次会议提供了一个戏剧性的事件,通过它可以探索大英帝国与帝国首都的关系。但是,这次会议也得益于国际和全球的联系和比较,这些联系和比较在首都外交网络的私密空间中交织在一起。
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引用次数: 0
Cosmopolitan underworld: opiate refinement in inter-war Istanbul 世界性的地下世界:战时伊斯坦布尔的鸦片提炼
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000300
Daniel-Joseph MacArthur-Seal

The Turkish government’s suppression of private heroin factories and its monopolization of opium exports brought the state into conflict with a large numbers of Istanbul residents who sought to profit from the lucrative trade in opiates. Sites of clandestine drug production spread across the urban and suburban landscape, inspiring public alarm and new policing measures. The article examines the human networks behind these production sites, investigating how they utilized the diversity of their members and contacts in the search for profit and the evasion of the state, and how this diversity was interpreted in press and public debate.

土耳其政府对私营海洛因工厂的镇压和对鸦片出口的垄断使国家与大量试图从利润丰厚的鸦片贸易中获利的伊斯坦布尔居民发生冲突。秘密生产毒品的地点遍布城市和郊区,引起了公众的恐慌并引发了新的治安措施。文章研究了这些生产点背后的人际网络,调查了他们如何利用其成员和联系人的多样性来谋求利益和逃避国家监管,以及新闻界和公众辩论是如何解读这种多样性的。
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引用次数: 0
For fame and fortune: the origins of St Petersburg’s zoo, 1865–1871 名利双收:圣彼得堡动物园的起源,1865-1871 年
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000269
Anton Kotenko

In the 1860s, the first zoos appeared in the Romanov empire. This article deals with the reasons for their establishment by looking into the early history of St Petersburg’s zoo, which has not been explicitly discussed in the historiography. By situating its history in the global context, it argues that, on the one hand, St Petersburg’s zoo was founded because the city’s officials wanted to enhance the fame of the capital of their empire in the globalizing world of the nineteenth century. On the other hand, the founder of the zoo had other motivations and was principally driven by mercantile considerations. Thus, St Petersburg’s zoological garden is presented as one of the important social spaces and points of reference of the Romanov empire’s capital, which could bring fame and fortune to the zoo’s owners and the city in which it was located.

19 世纪 60 年代,罗曼诺夫帝国出现了第一批动物园。本文通过研究圣彼得堡动物园的早期历史,探讨了建立动物园的原因。通过将动物园的历史置于全球背景下,本文认为,一方面,圣彼得堡动物园的建立是因为该市官员希望在十九世纪全球化的世界中提高其帝国首都的声誉。另一方面,动物园的创建者还有其他动机,主要是出于商业考虑。因此,圣彼得堡动物园被视为罗曼诺夫帝国首都的重要社会空间和参照点之一,可以为动物园的主人和动物园所在的城市带来名利。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: crossing urban legal boundaries in northern Europe: merchants and the law, 1350–1600 导言:跨越北欧城市法律边界:1350-1600 年的商人与法律
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000105
Edda Frankot, Miriam Tveit
The main question of this special issue is how international traders were able to manage their activities and conflicts successfully when they regularly had to cross legal boundaries and were operating in different and overlapping jurisdictions in northern Europe in the period c. 1350–1600. The contributions in this issue approach this central question from a range of perspectives. This introduction identifies these perspectives, as well as common themes and findings, and indicates why it is particularly pertinent to discuss the topic of crossing legal boundaries in the context of urban history. It also discusses relevant historiographical debates and key concepts of urban jurisdiction and jurisdictional boundaries in late medieval northern European towns.
本期特刊的主要问题是,在约 1350-1600 年期间,当国际贸易商经常需要跨越法律边界,并在北欧不同和重叠的司法管辖区开展业务时,他们如何能够成功地管理自己的活动和冲突。本期文章从多个角度探讨了这一核心问题。本引言指出了这些视角以及共同的主题和发现,并说明了为什么在城市史背景下讨论跨越法律边界这一主题尤为重要。它还讨论了相关的史学争论以及中世纪晚期北欧城镇的城市管辖权和管辖边界的关键概念。
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引用次数: 0
The legal position of guests in late medieval Stockholm 中世纪晚期斯德哥尔摩客人的法律地位
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000233
Sofia Gustafsson
The article analyses the legal position of foreign visitors in late medieval Stockholm through the prism of the concept of legal certainty, which requires public, explicit and clear regulations, an institutionalized jurisdiction and equal, just and impartial judgments in court. The article concludes that the authorities in Stockholm strove to create legal certainty for foreign guests and that the regulated relationship between local hosts and visiting guests both provided a control mechanism for the authorities and security for the guests.
法律确定性的概念要求公开、明确和清晰的规定,制度化的司法管辖以及法院平等、公正和不偏不倚的判决,文章从这一角度分析了中世纪晚期斯德哥尔摩外国游客的法律地位。文章的结论是,斯德哥尔摩当局努力为外国游客创造法律确定性,当地主人与来访客人之间的规范关系既为当局提供了控制机制,也为客人提供了安全保障。
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Urban History
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