Urban History最新文献

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Administering justice to foreigners: international merchants and mariners before the late medieval Aberdeen courts 为外国人伸张正义：中世纪晚期阿伯丁法庭上的国际商人和海员

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000099

Edda Frankot

This article investigates the dealings of the Aberdeen courts with foreign merchants and mariners to determine whether special policies, laws or procedures were introduced by magistrates administering justice to parties from different international backgrounds, and whether the merchants themselves developed specific strategies to negotiate crossing legal boundaries in the Scottish context. It concludes that there were few restrictions on the ability of foreigners to receive a fair process before the Aberdeen courts, a conclusion which must be considered in the context of the importance of trade for the men making the decisions at the urban courts, and for Scottish society more generally.

本文调查了阿伯丁法院与外国商人和海员打交道的情况，以确定为来自不同国际背景的当事人执行司法的地方法官是否引入了特殊政策、法律或程序，以及商人本身是否制定了特定策略，以在苏格兰环境下协商跨越法律界限的问题。研究得出的结论是，外国人在阿伯丁法院接受公平审判的能力几乎没有受到限制，这一结论必须结合贸易对城市法院的裁决者以及苏格兰社会的重要性来考虑。

引用次数: 0

The politics of reciprocity: urban councils and intercity conflict management in Reval (Tallinn) and Lübeck, c. 1470–1570 互惠政治：雷瓦尔（塔林）和吕贝克的城市委员会和城市间冲突管理，约 1470-1570 年

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000117

Christian Manger

Ties of trade, credit and family provided the basis for trading networks between Hanseatic towns. They also, however, contained the seed for conflicts over fraud, debt and inheritance. Such disputes between burghers of different Hanseatic cities presented municipal governments with the particular challenge to balance their role as Hanseatic partners with an obligation of externally representing their own burghers. Focusing on relations between the cities of Lübeck and Reval, this article explores the variety of diplomatic strategies and tactics which city councils employed to preserve the political and economic benefits of intercity co-operation.

贸易、信贷和家族纽带为汉萨城镇之间的贸易网络奠定了基础。然而，这些纽带也埋下了因欺诈、债务和继承权而引发冲突的种子。不同汉萨城市居民之间的纠纷给市政府带来了特殊的挑战，即如何在作为汉萨伙伴的角色与对外代表本市居民的义务之间取得平衡。本文以吕贝克市和雷瓦尔市之间的关系为重点，探讨了市议会为维护城市间合作的政治和经济利益而采取的各种外交战略和策略。

引用次数: 0

‘To his utter undoing in this world’: maintaining, contesting and crossing Hanseatic legal boundaries in medieval London and Bruges 他在这个世界上的彻底毁灭"：中世纪伦敦和布鲁日汉萨法律边界的维护、争议和跨越

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000130

Ester Zoomer

The protection of privileges abroad was a recurring theme in Hanseatic conflict management. Trade rights were to be shielded from outsiders and internal mercantile conflicts were part of its own jurisdiction. However, efforts to maintain privileged trade relations in London and Bruges were complicated by the Hanse’s own transregional organization and the diverging interests of its members. This article explores the tense dynamic between institutional and individual perceptions of the Hanseatic common good. While the increasingly strict rules of membership and jurisdiction were meant to serve Hansards abroad, these regulations were continuously contested by those the Hanse sought to protect.

保护海外特权是汉萨冲突管理中反复出现的主题。汉萨的贸易权利不受外人侵犯，而内部的商业冲突则属于汉萨的管辖范围。然而，汉萨自身的跨区域组织及其成员之间的利益分歧使得在伦敦和布鲁日维护特权贸易关系的努力变得复杂。本文探讨了机构和个人对汉萨共同利益的看法之间的紧张动态。虽然日益严格的成员资格和管辖权规定旨在为海外的汉萨服务，但这些规定却不断受到汉萨想要保护的人的质疑。

引用次数: 0

Active citizen or pest? Civic authorities, democratization and citizenship in inter-war England 积极的公民还是害虫？战时英国的公民机构、民主化和公民身份

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000087

Lewis Ryder

In the 1920s, the art collector John Hilditch tirelessly undertook a public campaign to have his objects exhibited at the Manchester City Art Gallery. This article uses his struggle as a lens through which to examine how the relationship between the civic museum and its citizens was reshaped during the transition to mass democracy. Historians have explored how civic authorities responded to the challenge of mass democratization by encouraging their citizens to become ‘active’, but we know little about how the citizens responded to this call. Hilditch’s campaign allows us to see what public platforms citizens could negotiate to become ‘active’ citizens, and just how far they could influence civic policy.

20 世纪 20 年代，艺术品收藏家约翰-希尔迪奇（John Hilditch）不懈地开展了一场公开运动，希望自己的艺术品能在曼彻斯特市立美术馆展出。本文以他的斗争为视角，探讨在向大众民主过渡的过程中，市民博物馆与市民之间的关系是如何被重塑的。历史学家们探讨了市政当局如何通过鼓励公民 "积极行动 "来应对大众民主化的挑战，但我们对公民如何响应这一号召却知之甚少。希尔蒂奇的运动让我们看到了公民可以通过哪些公共平台协商成为 "积极 "公民，以及他们对公民政策的影响程度。

引用次数: 0

Making manifestos for urban history: creative collaboration in a conference workshop 制作城市历史宣言：会议研讨会中的创造性合作

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000208

Lucy Faire, Denise McHugh, Chris A. Williams

This survey reflects on a creative workshop which the authors ran for the ‘The State of Urban History: Past, Present, Future’ conference (July 2023). ‘Making manifestos for urban history’ was an experiment to encourage small group work and co-operative outputs in a conference setting, allowing for an atypical ‘many-to-many’ model of participation. During the session, five groups each produced a manifesto poster addressing issues that they thought were important for the future of urban history. The survey sets out the form the workshop followed, considers those who were involved and comments on how successful the workshop was in fostering conference community and active learning. Feedback recorded at the end of the session indicated that it was indeed successful in both these areas. Overall, the workshop demonstrated that when urban historians work together across generations and continents, they produce work of real value, which is resilient and sustainable.

本调查反映了作者为 "城市历史的现状：过去、现在、未来 "会议（2023 年 7 月）。制作城市历史宣言 "是一次鼓励小组工作和在会议环境中合作产出的实验，允许非典型的 "多对多 "参与模式。会议期间，五个小组分别制作了一份宣言海报，讨论了他们认为对城市历史的未来具有重要意义的问题。调查报告介绍了研讨会的形式，考虑了参与人员，并对研讨会在促进会议社区和积极学习方面的成功程度进行了评论。会议结束时的反馈表明，研讨会在这两方面都取得了成功。总之，研讨会表明，当城市历史学家跨时代、跨大洲合作时，他们会产生真正有价值的作品，而这些作品是有韧性的、可持续的。

引用次数: 0

Making the global turn matter: strategies and pathways 让全球转向发挥作用：战略与途径

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1017/s096392682400021x

Lynn Hollen Lees

The survey examines the past, present and future of the urban history field in Britain, mixing memories and reflections. I trace the global turn of that field and the challenges it brings. One argument concerns the impact of a global scale on the methods and the explanatory frameworks used. A second concern is the role of economic history and economic frameworks of analysis in the writing of urban history, and I advocate their continued relevance.

该调查研究了英国城市历史领域的过去、现在和未来，将回忆和思考融为一体。我追溯了该领域的全球转向及其带来的挑战。其中一个论点涉及全球规模对所用方法和解释框架的影响。第二个关注点是经济史和经济分析框架在城市史写作中的作用，我主张它们继续具有相关性。

引用次数: 0

The non-religious and the European city in the nineteenth century: the development of crematories in Milan and Gotha 十九世纪的非宗教与欧洲城市：米兰和哥达火葬场的发展

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1017/s096392682400018x

Carolin Kosuch

While our knowledge of the entanglements of cities and religions is growing, the ‘other’ of religion and its impact on the city has not received the same level of attention in research so far. This article explores how this lacuna could start to be filled. Its focus is on the history of modern cremation that unfolded with strong secularist leanings during the long nineteenth century. I will look into the history of the first European crematories that were built in Milan and Gotha, the construction of the first cremation furnaces and the infrastructures necessary to make them work. My hypothesis is that what I call ‘worldview technologies’ and related infrastructures changed the faces of cities and were in turn influenced by these cities’ histories and self-images.

虽然我们对城市与宗教之间纠葛的认识在不断加深，但宗教这一 "另类 "及其对城市的影响迄今为止尚未得到同等程度的研究关注。本文探讨了如何填补这一空白。文章的重点是现代火葬的历史，在漫长的十九世纪，现代火葬的发展带有强烈的世俗主义倾向。我将探究在米兰和哥达建造的第一批欧洲火葬场的历史、第一批火化炉的建造以及使其运转所需的基础设施。我的假设是，我所谓的 "世界观技术 "和相关基础设施改变了城市的面貌，反过来也影响了这些城市的历史和自我形象。

引用次数: 0

Rain and the colonial streetscape: reading for water in Freetown’s newspaper archive 雨水与殖民时期的街景：弗里敦报纸档案中的水之解读

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/s096392682400004x

Milo Gough

Situated on the tip of a mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa, the city of Freetown, Sierra Leone, receives an extraordinarily high rainfall, heavily concentrated in the few months of the rainy season. Working from this extreme wetness and inspired by recent work in the oceanic humanities, this article reads Freetown’s colonial era newspaper archive for water. It argues that the heavy rain of the West African Monsoon was an important agent in shaping the decaying streetscape of the city, and a broader imaginary of decline, at the turn of the twentieth century. Using vivid descriptions of wetness, nature and disease, African editors, correspondents and letter-writers evoked a sodden modernity to push the colonial government to maintain and improve the city’s street infrastructure and at once to forge an elite urban public in opposition to migrants from the urban hinterland.

塞拉利昂弗里敦市位于非洲西海岸伸入大西洋的一个多山半岛的顶端，降雨量特别大，主要集中在雨季的几个月里。本文从这种极端潮湿的天气出发，受到海洋人文领域最新研究成果的启发，对弗里敦殖民时期的报纸档案进行了解读。文章认为，在二十世纪之交，西非季风的暴雨是塑造城市衰败街景和更广泛的衰败想象的重要因素。非洲编辑、通讯员和写信人通过对潮湿、自然和疾病的生动描述，唤起了人们对泥泞不堪的现代性的回忆，从而推动殖民政府维护和改善城市的街道基础设施，并同时塑造了一个与来自城市腹地的移民相对立的城市精英阶层。

引用次数: 0

The impact of the British Civil Wars on the meanings and uses of the urban topography of Colchester in the long nineteenth century 英国内战对十九世纪长期科尔切斯特城市地形的意义和用途的影响

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926823000780

Michael Sewell

Although many towns repaired, restored or destroyed the ruins of Civil War sieges, there are a number of towns, villages and hamlets which still clearly bear marks of the conflict. By focusing on Colchester, this article will highlight how sites affected by the wars remained and survived in the local consciousness throughout the following centuries. This article traces the uses of such sites in the urban landscape in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to assess the long-term impact of the war on towns in the British Isles. By examining Colchester in 1648, the article will show how political parties, parishes, tourists and businesses all derived value from the sites of the siege centuries after it had ended.

尽管许多城镇对内战围城遗址进行了修复、复原或毁坏，但仍有一些城镇、村庄和村落明显带有冲突的痕迹。本文将以科尔切斯特为中心，重点介绍受战争影响的遗址是如何在随后的几个世纪中在当地人的意识中保留和延续下来的。本文将追溯这些遗址在十八和十九世纪城市景观中的用途，以评估战争对不列颠群岛城镇的长期影响。通过研究 1648 年的科尔切斯特，文章将展示在战争结束数百年后，政党、教区、游客和企业如何从围城遗址中获得价值。

引用次数: 0

Smugglers and innkeepers: physical and social mobility in early modern Gemona (fifteenth to seventeenth centuries) 走私者和旅馆老板：近代早期杰莫纳的物质和社会流动（十五至十七世纪）

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Urban History

Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0963926824000038

Alessandro Di Bari

This article examines the mechanics of Niederlech (a law that obliged merchants travelling between Germany and Italy to spend the night in the city, change wagons and pay a small sum of money) and German–Italian mobility in early modern Gemona. It argues that the fragility of Venetian institutions and a lack of German–Italian border controls set the scene for criminal activities, especially contraband, in which Gemona innkeepers appear to have played a significant part. It will also show that this illegal trafficking led to a new ruling class forming, a key factor in the city’s reorganization of social hierarchies.

这篇文章研究了 Niederlech 法（该法律规定往返于德国和意大利之间的商人必须在城市过夜、换车并支付小额金钱）的机制以及近代早期杰莫纳的德意流动性。研究认为，威尼斯机构的脆弱性和德意边境管制的缺失为犯罪活动，尤其是走私活动创造了条件，而盖莫纳的客栈老板似乎在其中扮演了重要角色。报告还将说明，这种非法贩运导致了新统治阶级的形成，这也是该市社会等级重组的一个关键因素。

引用次数: 0

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