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To mine or not to mine the deep seabed? 开采还是不开采深海海底?
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00345-x
Ida Soltvedt Hvinden
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引用次数: 0
Bridging the gap: enhancing socio-ecological resilience by breaking the debt cycle among small-scale hilsa fishers in Bangladesh 弥合差距:通过打破孟加拉国小型喜尔沙渔民的债务循环来增强社会生态复原力
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-024-00355-3

Abstract

This study examines the plight of hilsa fishers in Bangladesh, grappling with challenges such as poor market access, scant capital, and shrinking fish stocks. This situation led to the seasonal dadon loan system, which provides immediate financial aid but often traps many fishers in a relentless debt cycle. We adopted a socio-ecological systems (SES) framework to examine the interconnected social and ecological dynamics of the hilsa fishery industry. Using a blend of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, we assessed the impact of the dadon loan system on small-scale fishers across four fishing locales in Bangladesh. The results indicate that the dadon loan system is a temporary financial prop for fishers but perpetuates debt cycles and curbs long-term financial security. Factors such as restricted access to formal credit, high fishing costs, and inadequate government support drive this system. This study identifies potential alternatives, such as government-backed loans, community finance schemes, and the promotion of alternative livelihoods, which could reduce reliance on the dadon loan system and improve fishers’ socioeconomic conditions. Implementing these strategies may dismantle the debt cycle, boost fishers’ welfare, and strengthen the socio-ecological resilience of fishing communities.

摘要 本研究探讨了孟加拉国喜沙鱼渔民的困境,他们面临着市场准入不畅、资金短缺和鱼类资源减少等挑战。这种情况导致了季节性的 "dadon "贷款制度,该制度提供了即时的经济援助,但往往使许多渔民陷入无休止的债务循环。我们采用了一个社会生态系统(SES)框架来研究喜沙鱼业相互关联的社会和生态动态。我们采用定量调查和定性访谈相结合的方法,评估了孟加拉国四个捕鱼区的 dadon 贷款系统对小型渔户的影响。结果表明,dadon 贷款系统对渔民来说是一种暂时的金融支持,但会使债务循环永久化,并阻碍长期的金融安全。这一制度的驱动因素包括正规信贷渠道受限、捕鱼成本高昂以及政府支持不足。本研究提出了潜在的替代方案,如政府支持的贷款、社区融资计划和促进替代生计,这些方案可以减少对 "dadon "贷款系统的依赖,改善渔民的社会经济条件。实施这些战略可以打破债务循环,提高渔民福利,增强渔业社区的社会生态复原力。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s experiences of participatory small-scale fisheries monitoring in Timor-Leste 东帝汶妇女参与小型渔业监测的经验
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-024-00352-6
Jenny House, Nelson M. S. Amaral, Janicia Silva de Jesus, Jemima Gomes, Michael Chew, D. Kleiber, D. Steenbergen, Natasha Stacey
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引用次数: 0
Why women from fishing communities in Andalusia (Spain) not enlist on fishing vessels? Socio-economic and ideological factors of their non-recognition and initiatives for their inclusion 安达卢西亚(西班牙)渔业社区的妇女为何不上渔船?不承认她们的社会经济和意识形态因素以及将她们纳入其中的举措
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00344-y
Natalia Mora Álvarez, David Florido del Corral, Inmaculada Martínez Alba

Andalusia, located in southern Spain, has a long coastline and a rich history of fishing activities that encompass extraction, industrialization, and commercialization. However, women have traditionally been underrepresented in various stages of the fishing chain in this region. Despite this, women have made significant contributions to the sustainability and social well-being of fishing households through their involvement in diverse fishing-related tasks. Women in Andalusia have taken on diverse roles in the fishing sector, including administration and support tasks for fishing units, as well as responsibilities related to care and maintenance of domestic services. In 2018, the Andalusian Association of Women in the Fishing Sector (ANDMUPES) was launched with the aim of promoting the effective incorporation of women in different tasks. The study conducted an in-depth questionnaire across 25 ports in Andalusia to gather comprehensive data on the labor situation of women in the fishing sector, as well as to expose the picture of ideological factors and socio-economic conditions that are hindering the access of women to the fishing sector. The study aims to highlight the role of women in the fishing sector and their potential contributions to the innovation, transformation, and sustainability of small-scale fishing.

安达卢西亚位于西班牙南部,拥有漫长的海岸线和丰富的渔业活动历史,包括开采、工业化和商业化。然而,在该地区渔业链的各个环节中,妇女的代表性历来不足。尽管如此,妇女通过参与各种与渔业相关的工作,为渔户的可持续性和社会福祉做出了重大贡献。安达卢西亚的妇女在渔业部门承担了多种角色,包括渔业单位的管理和支持任务,以及与护理和维护家庭服务有关的责任。2018 年,安达卢西亚渔业部门妇女协会(ANDMUPES)成立,旨在促进妇女有效参与不同任务。该研究对安达卢西亚的 25 个港口进行了深入问卷调查,以收集有关渔业部门妇女劳动状况的全面数据,并揭示阻碍妇女进入渔业部门的意识形态因素和社会经济条件。这项研究旨在强调妇女在渔业部门的作用,以及她们对小型渔业的创新、转型和可持续发展的潜在贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects of equitable and sustainable seaweed aquaculture: a case study of changing gender and socio-economic relations in Maullín, Chile 公平和可持续海藻养殖的前景:智利 Maullín 不断变化的性别和社会经济关系案例研究
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-024-00350-8
Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, Marcela Avila, Fred Saunders, Ricardo Riquelme, Daniel Rodriguez, Gesica Aroca, Juan Gutierrez

This article examines the development of marine tenure in the Maullín River, Chile. It starts with the emergence of artisanal red algae (Gracilaria chilensis) gathering and the changes resulting from the governmental ad hoc allocation of small-scale aquaculture concessions. We aim to track this transition, its drivers, effects on the work organization, gender relations, market relations and the sustainability/equity challenges currently confronting the community. We use a feminist political ecology approach to direct our multi-method data collection strategy and to analyse the empirical material. The State by enabling local tenure for the development of marine aquaculture concessions played an influential role in Maullín community attaining de facto territorial tenure. This led to the establishment of residential aquaculture communities while facilitating the integration of women in aquaculture activities. We see both steps as positive economic and social development opportunities in Maullín. While marine tenure has provided livelihood chances, low prices caused by the producers’ disadvantaged market position and the lack of supportive alliance building pose ongoing problems. We conclude that these factors are serious challenges to the sustainability of aquacultural livelihoods at Maullín River. While the case depicts aspects of women’s empowerment such as their engagement in developing potential post-production innovation ideas, entrepreneurial abilities to conduct market transactions as well as their better competence in literacy, math and financial expertise, there is still a long way to reach gender equality in the male-dominated aquacultural sector.

本文探讨了智利毛林河海洋保有权的发展。文章从手工红藻(Gracilaria chilensis)采集的出现以及政府临时分配小规模水产养殖特许权所带来的变化开始。我们旨在追踪这一转变、其驱动因素、对工作组织的影响、性别关系、市场关系以及社区目前面临的可持续性/公平性挑战。我们采用女权主义政治生态学方法来指导我们的多方法数据收集策略,并对经验材料进行分析。国家为发展海洋水产养殖特许权赋予地方使用权,在毛林社区获得事实上的领土使用权方面发挥了有影响力的作用。这导致建立了水产养殖居民社区,同时促进了妇女参与水产养殖活动。我们认为这两个步骤都为毛林带来了积极的经济和社会发展机遇。虽然海洋保有权提供了谋生机会,但生产者在市场上的不利地位造成的低价格以及缺乏支持性联盟建设,仍是持续存在的问题。我们的结论是,这些因素对毛林河水产养殖生计的可持续性构成了严峻挑战。虽然该案例描述了妇女赋权的方方面面,如她们参与开发潜在的产后创新想法、进行市场交易的创业能力,以及她们在识字、数学和金融专业知识方面更强的能力,但在男性占主导地位的水产养殖业中,要实现性别平等仍有很长的路要走。
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引用次数: 0
Marine spatial planning: a systematic literature review on its concepts, approaches, and tools (2004–2020) 海洋空间规划:关于其概念、方法和工具的系统文献综述(2004-2020 年)
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00349-7
Teresa Rafael, Henrique Cabral, João Mourato, João Ferrão

Marine spatial planning (MSP) was developed as a process for managing the marine environment under the scenario of increased demand for space with different uses and economic activities. In the last decades, the research interest in MSP has been reflected by the growing number of published scientific articles on this subject. Nonetheless, a systematic scientific literature review on MSP is still lacking. In this context, the present study is aimed at performing a global review highlighting the main trends and patterns of scientific article contents focusing on the concepts, approaches, and tools that have been used to inform and shape MSP. After text screening and application of the eligibility criteria, a total of 476 articles published between 2004 and 2020 were included in the analysis. The results showed that most studies published so far (74%) focused on conceptual aspects of governance issues (n = 98), investigated the role of economic activities in MSP (n = 98), evidenced the solutions that have been adopted to implement national plans (n = 71), or explored the strategies used to involve stakeholders in MSP (n = 83). A trend towards MSP applicability was expressed by the increasing number of studies related to stakeholders’ engagement methodologies, together with the development of decision support tools for MSP implementation in recent years. Overall, including progressive methodologies in the evaluation and assessment of all stages of MSP are needed to foster its applicability.

海洋空间规划(MSP)是在不同用途和经济活动对空间需求增加的情况下管理海洋环境的过程。在过去几十年中,有关这一主题的科学文章发表数量不断增加,反映了人们对海洋空间规划的研究兴趣。然而,目前仍缺乏关于多式联运系统的系统科学文献综述。在这种情况下,本研究旨在进行一次全球性的综述,突出科学文章内容的主要趋势和模式,重点关注已被用于指导和塑造多式联运项目的概念、方法和工具。经过文本筛选和资格标准的应用,共有 476 篇 2004 至 2020 年间发表的文章被纳入分析范围。结果显示,迄今为止发表的大多数研究(74%)侧重于治理问题的概念方面(98 篇),调查了经济活动在中等规模植物保护计划中的作用(98 篇),证明了为实施国家计划而采取的解决方案(71 篇),或探讨了让利益相关者参与中等规模植物保护计划的策略(83 篇)。近年来,与利益相关方参与方法有关的研究数量不断增加,同时还开发了用于实施中等规模战略计划的决策支持工具,这些都表明了中等规模战略计划的适用性趋势。总体而言,需要将渐进方法纳入对中等规模项目所有阶段的评价和评估,以促进其适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Aquaculture’s offshore frontier: learning from the Canadian courts on ocean grabbing, ocean privatization, and property as process 水产养殖的近海前沿:从加拿大法院学习海洋攫取、海洋私有化和作为过程的财产问题
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00348-8
Christine Knott, M. Wiber, Charles Mather
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引用次数: 0
What can sea-related associations reveal about a coastal region’s maritimity? A case study in southern France 与海洋有关的关联可以揭示沿海地区的海洋邻近性?法国南部案例研究
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00346-w
Samuel Robert

A key component of the environment in coastal territories, the sea also creates special geographical features and grounds social and cultural identities. At a time of rising concern and multiple projects for its exploitation as well as its protection, public policies need to consider the social representation of the marine environment and people’s visions of its future. Relying on the concept of maritimity, defined as all the relationships binding human societies to the sea and the resulting landscape, economy and culture, we assess the maritime character of a coastal region in southern France by analysing the local sea–related associations its population are engaged in. This is made possible through the supervised extraction of the relevant data from the national directory of associations, the official database of non-profit associations in France, which are then given appropriate statistical and cartographic treatments. Results provide an indication of the depth of the region’s maritime character, as well as the areas of activity and places in which maritimity is the most developed. These are consistent with the social and economic profile of the region, highly engaged in tourism and a residential economy. Further work is recommended, with a view to exploring the region’s maritimity more closely by comparing it with other regions and applying finer analysis to the stated objectives of the sea-related associations.

作为沿海地区环境的重要组成部分,海洋还创造了特殊的地理特征,并为社会和 文化特性提供了基础。在对海洋的开发和保护日益受到关注和开展多种项目之际,公共政策需要考虑海洋环境的社会代表性以及人们对海洋环境未来的展望。海洋邻近性的定义是人类社会与海洋以及由此产生的景观、经济和文化之间的所有关系,根据这一概念,我们通过分析当地居民参与的与海洋有关的活动,评估了法国南部沿海地区的海洋特征。为此,我们从法国非营利性协会的官方数据库--全国协会名录中监督提取了相关数据,并对这些数据进行了适当的统计和制图处理。结果显示了该地区海洋特征的深度,以及海洋活动最发达的领域和地方。这些都与该地区的社会和经济概况相一致,即旅游业和居民经济高度发达。建议进一步开展工作,通过与其他地区的比较,对该地区的海洋性进行更深入的探索,并对与海洋有关的协会的既定目标进行更细致的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Introductory commentary: Marine conflicts and pathways to sustainability in an era of Blue Growth and climate change 介绍性评论:蓝色增长和气候变化时代的海洋冲突和可持续发展之路
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00347-9
Fred Saunders, Ralph Tafon, Maaike Knol-Kauffman, Samiya Ahmed Selim

Worldwide, marine conflicts are growing in frequency and intensity due to increasing global demands for resources (Blue Growth) and climate change. This article introduces a collection in Maritime Studies on marine conflicts and pathways to sustainability in an era of Blue Growth and climate change. We posit that while conflict can be problematic, it can also play a positive role in bringing about societal change, by highlighting unsustainable and unjust practices and be a trigger for sustainability transformation. However, left unattended, festering marine conflict can hinder just and equitable sustainability transformation. We present two distinct, yet arguably complementary, lenses through which researchers working with sustainability engage with marine conflicts. First, a social-ecological systems approach engages in conflicts by examining the interdependencies between human and ecological systems and related governance arrangements, promoting collaborative learning and action, and exploring adaptive governance strategies that seek sustainability conflict resolution. Second, a political ecology approach addresses conflicts by examining power dynamics and resource (mal)distributions, arguing for fair governance, and emphasizing the need to address historical and current injustices that are at the root of conflicts. Next, we present insights on diverse sustainability transformational pathways, including the importance of searching for common ground and the need for the reconfiguration of power relations as key steps to understand and inform sustainability conflict research. We conclude by indicating that more sustainability research in marine conflict settings is needed and by forwarding intersectionality as a promising approach to productively reframe and disrupt the debilitating effects of deep-rooted marine sustainability conflicts.

由于全球对资源的需求日益增长(蓝色增长)和气候变化,世界范围内的海洋冲突日益频繁和激烈。本文介绍了《海洋研究》中关于蓝色增长和气候变化时代的海洋冲突和可持续发展之路的文集。我们认为,尽管冲突可能会带来问题,但它也可以通过凸显不可持续和不公正的做法,在促成社会变革方面发挥积极作用,并成为可持续发展转型的导火索。然而,如果置之不理,不断恶化的海洋冲突可能会阻碍公正、公平的可持续发展转型。我们提出了两个不同但可以说是互补的视角,可持续发展研究人员可以通过这两个视角来处理海洋冲突。首先,社会生态系统方法通过研究人类和生态系统之间的相互依存关系以及相关的治理安排来参与冲突,促进合作学习和行动,并探索寻求可持续性冲突解决方案的适应性治理策略。其次,政治生态学方法通过研究权力动态和资源(不良)分配来解决冲突,主张公平治理,并强调需要解决作为冲突根源的历史和当前不公正问题。接下来,我们介绍了对各种可持续发展转型途径的见解,包括寻找共同点的重要性和重新配置权力关系的必要性,这些都是理解和指导可持续发展冲突研究的关键步骤。最后,我们指出需要在海洋冲突环境中开展更多的可持续发展研究,并提出交叉性是一种很有前途的方法,可以有效地重构和瓦解根深蒂固的海洋可持续发展冲突的破坏性影响。
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引用次数: 0
Enacting food system transformation through the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines 通过《小型渔业准则》实现粮食系统转型
IF 3.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00339-9
Hillary Smith, Xavier Basurto, Kevin St Martin

Calls to transform food systems along more ethical and sustainable lines are mounting alongside debates about what constitutes transformative change and strategies needed to achieve it. Civil society organizations (CSOs) have argued that transforming food systems requires transforming the governance of food systems, as dominant “productivist” approaches to governance have narrowly invested in corporate priorities while marginalizing the many small-scale food workers that animate our food system. In this paper, we examine the possibilities and unexpected pathways of food system transformation through the case of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF Guidelines). Mobilized by CSOs, the SSF Guidelines transformed understandings of fisheries sustainability and strategies to achieve it. Moving beyond narrow productivist concerns and capitalist priorities, the SSF Guidelines foreground a diverse range of ethical concerns, economic practices, and values as central to sustainable governance, opening different food system sites, and infrastructural concerns to transformation. Strategically, the SSF Guidelines outline the need to recognize, strengthen, and connect existing “organizational structures” linking fishworkers to invest in (re)building appropriate “infrastructure” for sustainable food systems, especially for women in provisioning, whose organizations, practices, and economic activities have been overlooked. We follow efforts to implement the SSF Guidelines in Tanzania through an initiative to map existing women’s fisheries organizations, an initiative that revealed that these networks are already part of widespread, diverse economies. Mapping served as an inventory of other- and more-than-capitalist practices that enable women’s fishing cooperatives to navigate their interdependency through practices of reciprocity, care, and creativity in seafood systems. Drawing on diverse economies theory and analytic techniques, we argue that food system transformation can be understood as a process “here and now” that can be enacted, in part, by recognizing and amplifying existing social, economic, and political infrastructure for the food system we want.

沿着更加道德和可持续的路线改造粮食系统的呼声日益高涨,与此同时,关于什么是变革性变化以及实现变革所需的战略的辩论也日益激烈。民间社会组织(CSOs)认为,要改造粮食系统,就必须改造粮食系统的治理,因为主流的 "生产主义 "治理方法狭隘地投资于企业的优先事项,而将为我们的粮食系统注入活力的众多小规模粮食工作者边缘化。在本文中,我们将通过《确保可持续小规模渔业自愿准则》(SSF 准则)的案例,探讨粮食系统转型的可能性和意外途径。在民间社会组织的动员下,《小型渔业可持续发展准则》改变了人们对渔业可持续发展的理解以及实现渔业可持续发展的战略。SSF 准则》超越了狭隘的生产主义关切和资本主义优先事项,将各种不同的道德关切、经济实践和价值观作为可持续治理的核心,开放了不同的粮食系统地点,并对基础设施关切进行了改造。从战略上讲,《可持续粮食系统指导方针》概述了认识、加强和连接现有 "组织结构 "的必要性,这些 "组织结构 "将渔民联系在一起,为可持续粮食系统投资(重新)建设适当的 "基础设施",特别是为从事供应的妇女,她们的组织、实践和经济活动一直被忽视。在坦桑尼亚,我们通过对现有妇女渔业组织进行摸底调查,努力落实《可持续粮食系统准则》,调查结果显示,这些网络已经成为广泛的、多样化经济的一部分。绘制地图是对其他资本主义和非资本主义实践的盘点,这些实践使妇女渔业合作社能够通过海产品系统中的互惠、关爱和创造性实践来驾驭其相互依存关系。借鉴多元化经济理论和分析技术,我们认为粮食系统转型可以理解为一个 "此时此地 "的过程,可以通过认识和扩大现有的社会、经济和政治基础设施来实现我们想要的粮食系统。
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引用次数: 0
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Maritime Studies
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