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Strategies for addressing conflicts arising from blue growth initiatives: insights from three case studies in South Africa 解决蓝色增长倡议引发的冲突的战略:来自南非三个案例研究的见解
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00341-1
Merle Sowman, Philile Mbatha, Johanna von Holdt
Abstract South Africa has vigorously embraced the concept of the ‘blue economy’ and is aggressively pursuing a blue growth strategy to expand the ocean economy, create jobs, and alleviate poverty. However, many of these ‘blue initiatives’ are leading to conflicts amongst various stakeholders with different histories, relationships with resources and areas, worldviews, and values. Investment in the ocean economy is being prioritized by government and planning, environmental assessment, and decision-making processes are being fast-tracked. Consequently, historical inequities as well as environmental and social justice considerations are not being given due consideration. Communities are not being effectively consulted. This has resulted in tensions and conflicts amongst proponents of these projects and local communities living in areas affected by these initiatives. We examine the drivers of conflict and then explore the strategies that local communities and their social partners have employed in these case studies to challenge contentious developments, defend coastal and marine areas, and make their voices heard. The cases involve conflicts over air quality in an expanding marine industrial zone at Saldanha Bay, prospecting and mining applications in the vicinity of the Olifants Estuary in the Western Cape, and the expansion of the Richard’s Bay Port, mining activities, and conservation initiatives in KwaZulu-Natal. The barriers and potential opportunities to opening up deliberative spaces, shifting values and views, and co-producing knowledge, in contexts that are characterised by structural inequality, poverty, and power asymmetries, are discussed.
南非积极采纳“蓝色经济”的概念,积极推行蓝色增长战略,以扩大海洋经济、创造就业机会和减轻贫困。然而,许多这些“蓝色倡议”导致不同利益相关者之间的冲突,这些利益相关者有着不同的历史,与资源和地区的关系,世界观和价值观。政府正在优先考虑对海洋经济的投资,规划、环境评估和决策过程正在快速进行。因此,历史上的不平等以及环境和社会正义的考虑没有得到适当的考虑。社区没有得到有效的咨询。这导致了这些项目的支持者与受这些倡议影响地区的当地社区之间的紧张和冲突。我们考察了冲突的驱动因素,然后探讨了当地社区及其社会伙伴在这些案例研究中采用的策略,以挑战有争议的发展,捍卫沿海和海洋地区,并发出自己的声音。这些案件涉及在萨尔达尼亚湾扩大海洋工业区的空气质量冲突,在西开普省奥利凡特河口附近的勘探和采矿应用,以及夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省理查德湾港口的扩建,采矿活动和保护倡议。在以结构不平等、贫困和权力不对称为特征的背景下,讨论了开放审议空间、转变价值观和观点以及共同生产知识的障碍和潜在机会。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Sustainability conflicts in the blue economy: planning for offshore aquaculture and offshore wind energy development in Norway 蓝色经济中的可持续性冲突:挪威海上水产养殖和海上风能开发的规划
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00342-0
Maaike Knol-Kauffman, Kåre Nolde Nielsen, Gunnar Sander, Peter Arbo
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引用次数: 0
Quality versus profits from Mukene processing: Untold realities and perspectives from women processors in Uganda 穆克内加工的质量与利润:乌干达妇女加工商不为人知的现实和观点
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00338-w
Ruth Nsibirano, Robinson Odong, Margaret Masette
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引用次数: 0
Analysis across case-based global sustainability projects: an emerging challenge for ocean conflict research in the Anthropocene 基于案例的全球可持续发展项目分析:人类世海洋冲突研究的新挑战
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00323-3
Marion Glaser, Samiya Ahmed Selim, Raquel De la Cruz-Modino, Ingrid van Putten, Shankar Aswani Canela, Adina Paytan, Leo X.C. Dutra, Nadine Heck, Siddharth Narayan, Warwick Sauer, Wiebren Johannes Boonstra, Bernadette Snow
Abstract A growing number of global ocean conflict studies over the last decade have set out to advance sustainability in the Anthropocene. Many of these research projects use multiple case studies to extract lessons for wider contexts. The methods used by these studies, and the extent to which their results have validity beyond the individual case study, often remain unclear. This paper explores the challenges in performing cross-case analysis within what we denote as case-based globally focussed sustainability projects (CB-GSPs) and indicates solutions by combining information from semi-structured interviews with leading scientists from eight CB-GSPs. We identify six distinct challenges that are common across these studies with regard to generating actionable knowledge through cross-case analysis. Based on these findings, we propose a set of best practice recommendations for scientists, project partners, and funders to co-produce actionable knowledge for global projects on ocean conflict.
在过去十年中,越来越多的全球海洋冲突研究开始着手推进人类世的可持续性。许多这些研究项目使用多个案例研究来提取更广泛背景下的经验教训。这些研究使用的方法,以及它们的结果在多大程度上具有超出个别案例研究的有效性,往往仍然不清楚。本文探讨了在我们所称的基于案例的全球重点可持续发展项目(CB-GSPs)中进行跨案例分析的挑战,并通过结合对来自八个CB-GSPs的领先科学家的半结构化访谈的信息,提出了解决方案。在通过跨案例分析产生可操作的知识方面,我们确定了这些研究中常见的六个不同挑战。基于这些发现,我们为科学家、项目合作伙伴和资助者提出了一套最佳实践建议,以共同为全球海洋冲突项目提供可操作的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability conflicts in the blue economy: planning for offshore aquaculture and offshore wind energy development in Norway 蓝色经济中的可持续性冲突:挪威海上水产养殖和海上风能开发的规划
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00335-z
Maaike Knol-Kauffman, Kåre Nolde Nielsen, Gunnar Sander, Peter Arbo
Abstract Blue economy developments entail an industrialization of the world’s ocean and coastal areas, placing growing pressures on the marine environment and ecosystems. Moreover, the competition for ocean space and resources increases the likelihood for social conflicts. Marine spatial planning has been presented as a tool that can avoid or mitigate conflicts. However, there is a need for a more thorough analysis of the conflicts linked to the blue economy. The objective of this paper is to analyze characteristics of blue economy conflicts and how they are shaped by the institutional context and sustainability discourses. This study also explores perspectives on conflict management and pathways toward sustainable transformations in marine planning. Empirically, we use two case studies of blue growth industries in Norway: (1) offshore wind energy development and (2) offshore aquaculture development. Through these cases, we take a close look at the established principles and procedures which regulate conflicts. Our study shows how current blue economy conflicts are framed and handled through institutionalized practices of conflict management. Our findings are twofold. First, blue economy conflicts are not easily categorized through common conflict typologies (i.e., user-user, user-environment) but increasingly appear to be sustainability conflicts in which all actors use sustainability as a frame of reference for discussing possible and desirable futures. Second, conflicts are not necessarily a negative social process. In fact, conflicts often uncover unsustainable practices and create potential positive pathways for sustainable transformations.
蓝色经济的发展意味着世界海洋和沿海地区的工业化,给海洋环境和生态系统带来了越来越大的压力。此外,对海洋空间和资源的竞争增加了社会冲突的可能性。海洋空间规划被认为是一种可以避免或减轻冲突的工具。然而,有必要对与蓝色经济相关的冲突进行更彻底的分析。本文的目的是分析蓝色经济冲突的特征,以及制度背景和可持续性话语如何塑造蓝色经济冲突。本研究还探讨了冲突管理的观点和海洋规划中可持续转型的途径。在实证研究中,我们使用了挪威蓝色增长产业的两个案例研究:(1)海上风能开发和(2)海上水产养殖发展。通过这些案例,我们仔细研究了规范冲突的既定原则和程序。我们的研究表明,当前的蓝色经济冲突是如何通过冲突管理的制度化实践来构建和处理的。我们的发现是双重的。首先,蓝色经济冲突不容易通过常见的冲突类型(即用户-用户,用户-环境)进行分类,而是越来越多地出现为可持续性冲突,其中所有参与者都将可持续性作为讨论可能和理想未来的参考框架。其次,冲突不一定是消极的社会过程。事实上,冲突往往会揭露不可持续的做法,并为可持续转型创造潜在的积极途径。
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引用次数: 0
Connecting gender norms and economic performance reveals gendered inequities in Malawian small-scale fish trade 将性别规范与经济绩效联系起来,揭示了马拉维小规模鱼类贸易中的性别不平等
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00337-x
Emma D. Rice, Abigail E. Bennett, Park Muhonda, Samson P. Katengeza, Patrick Kawaye, Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie, Dana M. Infante, David L. Tschirely
Abstract Women play key roles in fish value chains, especially post-harvest processing and marketing of fish products. However, gendered inequities in small-scale fishery value chains persist around the globe, limiting livelihood benefits for many women and their households. This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate how gender norms shape gendered inequities in marketing margins for fish retailers in small-scale fishery value chains. In the empirical case of usipa ( Engraulicypris sardella ) trade in Malawi, we find that there is nearly equal participation in fish retail between females and males. Yet, there is a statistically significant difference in marketing margins between female and male usipa retailers, with female retailers earning less. We find that gender norms indirectly impact marketing margins by disproportionately constraining time for women, shaping household decision-making regarding women’s spending, limiting women’s access to resources including financial services and fish, and maintaining patriarchal power dynamics. Despite these results, we find that there remains a dominant discourse among men that gender does not impact marketing margins. In connecting specific gender norms, revealed through qualitative methods, to specific livelihood outcomes, measured through quantitative methods, this study provides new insight into gendered inequities in small-scale fish trade.
妇女在鱼类价值链中发挥着关键作用,特别是在收获后加工和鱼类产品的销售中。然而,在全球范围内,小规模渔业价值链中的性别不平等仍然存在,限制了许多妇女及其家庭的生计福利。本研究采用混合方法研究性别规范如何影响小规模渔业价值链中鱼类零售商营销利润中的性别不平等。在马拉维usipa (Engraulicypris sardella)贸易的实证案例中,我们发现女性和男性之间几乎平等地参与鱼类零售。然而,女性和男性usipa零售商的营销利润率在统计上存在显著差异,女性零售商的收入较低。我们发现,性别规范通过不成比例地限制女性的时间、塑造有关女性支出的家庭决策、限制女性获得包括金融服务和鱼类在内的资源以及维持父权动态,间接影响营销利润率。尽管有这些结果,我们发现在男性中仍然有一个占主导地位的话语,性别不影响营销利润。通过将通过定性方法揭示的特定性别规范与通过定量方法衡量的特定生计结果联系起来,本研究为小规模鱼类贸易中的性别不平等提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Multispecies blue justice and energy transition conflict: examining challenges and possibilities for synergy between low-carbon energy and justice for humans and nonhuman nature 多物种蓝色正义与能源转型冲突:审视低碳能源与人类和非人类自然正义之间协同作用的挑战和可能性
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00336-y
Ralph Tafon, Fred Saunders, Tarmo Pikner, Michael Gilek
Abstract This paper explores deep insights into sustainability transition tensions and pathways in terms of place-based conflict and potential for synergies between offshore wind energy (OWE) development and justice for humans and nonhuman nature. Specifically, we build a capability and recognition-based multispecies blue justice framework that at once centers ecological reflexivity (i.e., environmental awareness-raising, proxy representation of nature, and institutional recognition and protection of rights of nature and human-nature relationality), decenters anthropocentric frames of justice, and sheds light on injustices, human and nonhuman that climate and energy transitions may create or reinforce. This framework then informs analysis of a sustainability transition conflict, specifically a longstanding OWE conflict on Hiiumaa island, Estonia. This analysis unravels justice concerns, human and nonhuman, raised by proxy representatives of nature (i.e., grassroots actors and environmental stewards), the knowledge contestations involved, and the resolution measures undertaken thus far. Next, we discuss the possible transformative role of the OWE conflict, including how a Supreme Court ruling invalidating the OWE plan has fostered reflexive planning and may have set a legal precedent that may have human and nonhuman justice implications for the handling of future planning cases. We then highlight remaining challenges for socially and ecologically responsive OWE deployment. These include the judicial non-recognition of nature’s right as well as environmental values and sociocultural ties to nature as rights worth protecting, and the likely effects that formalization of European Union ambitions to speed-up and ramp-up renewable energy could have locally. These include prospects for environmental stewards and ocean defenders to steer nature-positive, people-centered energy transitions. Last, we propose conditions for enhanced multispecies justice, including how formal interventions (e.g., law) and informal practices (e.g., negotiation, awareness-raising) can be harnessed to unlock productive conflict and align energy transitions with the norms of justice, human and nonhuman.
摘要:本文深入探讨了海上风能(OWE)开发与人类和非人类正义之间的地方冲突和协同潜力方面的可持续性过渡紧张关系和途径。具体而言,我们构建了一个基于能力和认知的多物种蓝色正义框架,该框架既以生态反身性为中心(即提高环境意识、自然的代理代表、对自然权利和人与自然关系的制度承认和保护),又以人类为中心的正义框架为中心,并揭示了气候和能源转型可能产生或强化的人类和非人类的不公正。然后,该框架为可持续性过渡冲突的分析提供了信息,特别是爱沙尼亚Hiiumaa岛上长期存在的OWE冲突。这一分析揭示了由自然界的代理代表(即基层行动者和环境管理者)提出的人类和非人类的正义问题、所涉及的知识争论以及迄今为止采取的解决措施。接下来,我们将讨论欠债冲突可能带来的变革作用,包括最高法院裁定欠债计划无效如何促进了反思性规划,并可能树立了一个法律先例,可能对未来规划案件的处理产生人类和非人类的正义影响。然后,我们强调了社会和生态响应型OWE部署的剩余挑战。其中包括司法不承认自然权利、环境价值和社会文化与自然的联系是值得保护的权利,以及欧盟加速和扩大可再生能源的雄心正式化可能对当地产生的影响。其中包括环境管理者和海洋捍卫者引导对自然有利、以人为本的能源转型的前景。最后,我们提出了加强多物种正义的条件,包括如何利用正式干预(如法律)和非正式实践(如谈判、提高认识)来解除生产性冲突,并使能源转型与正义规范、人类和非人类保持一致。
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引用次数: 1
Gender research in Japanese coastal fisheries 日本沿海渔业的性别研究
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00330-4
Hana Matsubara, Mitsutaku Makino
Abstract Fisheries have diverse gendered division of labor worldwide. It is essential to consider the activities and relations of all gender groups to fully understand the social-ecological systems of coastal resource use toward achieving sustainability. Gendered division of labor is also found in Japanese coastal fisheries. However, the number of studies focusing on the gender aspects of Japanese coastal fisheries is limited. This paper reviews previous studies on gender aspects of Japanese coastal fisheries and identified the features of the studies of Japan through comparison with studies in other countries. The results indicate that most previous studies in Japan were anthropological or socio-economic studies focusing on the activities of women. Following the result, three research topics with a gender lens are considered necessary in Japan: (1) studies on social-ecological systems of coastal fisheries with a gender lens, (2) studies on gender-differentiated impacts of fishery policies, and (3) studies on the gender-differentiated vulnerability and adaptive capacity in coastal areas. The future implementation of these studies will avoid the negative impacts on specific gender groups and provide critical insights for innovating sustainable and equitable coastal resource use by exploring gender-based knowledge, networks, and opportunities that have not been fully utilized. Graphical Abstract
摘要在世界范围内,渔业存在着不同的性别分工。必须考虑所有性别群体的活动和关系,以便充分了解为实现可持续性而利用沿海资源的社会生态系统。日本沿海渔业也存在性别分工。但是,着重于日本沿海渔业性别方面的研究数量有限。本文回顾了以往关于日本沿海渔业性别方面的研究,并通过与其他国家研究的比较,确定了日本研究的特点。结果表明,日本以前的研究大多是侧重于妇女活动的人类学或社会经济研究。根据研究结果,日本有必要开展三个具有性别视角的研究课题:(1)具有性别视角的沿海渔业社会生态系统研究;(2)渔业政策的性别差异影响研究;(3)沿海地区性别差异脆弱性和适应能力研究。这些研究的未来实施将避免对特定性别群体的负面影响,并通过探索尚未充分利用的基于性别的知识、网络和机会,为创新可持续和公平的沿海资源利用提供重要见解。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Kenneth Richard Ruddle (1942 – 2023) Kenneth Richard Ruddle (1942 - 2023)
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00334-0
Anthony Davis, Daniel Pauly
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引用次数: 0
Identity, sociality and mobility: understanding internal fisher migration along India’s east coast 身份、社会性和流动性:了解印度东海岸的内部渔民迁徙
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00333-1
Nitya Rao, J. D Sophia
Abstract Fisher movement in the pursuit of fish is a well-established truism. In this paper, we explore the motivations and mechanisms deployed for internal migration within the fishing sector in coastal Tamil Nadu, rather than only on the seas, as a strategy for both economic and social mobility. Marine fisheries in India is a caste-based occupation, with its own social and political hierarchy, responsible for the governance and management of common resources. For those belonging to the subordinate fishing castes, excluded from decision-making processes, migration is an important strategy for gaining economic resources, social power and recognition as skilled and successful marine fishermen. Using qualitative research methods, the paper explores the migration of fishermen from Rajakuppam, a small fishing village in Cuddalore district, belonging to such a subordinate fishing caste, to Kasimedu, in the capital city of Chennai, the largest fishing harbour in the state of Tamil Nadu. We find that family and its social organization, in particular kinship and marriage ties, brokered by senior women, are significant factors in facilitating successful migration. Recognizing women’s contributions to the sector, both direct and through their social reproductive and networking activities, invisible in both the larger maritime literature and production-centric fisheries’ policy-making, is crucial for achieving wellbeing and sustainability outcomes.
渔夫运动中追求鱼是一个公认的真理。在本文中,我们探讨了泰米尔纳德邦沿海渔业部门内部迁移的动机和机制,而不仅仅是在海上,作为经济和社会流动的战略。印度的海洋渔业是一个以种姓为基础的职业,有自己的社会和政治等级制度,负责治理和管理共同资源。对于那些属于被排除在决策过程之外的从属渔业种姓的人来说,移民是获得经济资源、社会权力和被认为是熟练和成功的海洋渔民的重要战略。采用定性研究方法,本文探讨了渔民从Rajakuppam (Cuddalore区的一个小渔村,属于这样一个从属的捕鱼种姓)迁移到泰米尔纳德邦最大的渔港——首府钦奈的Kasimedu。我们发现,家庭及其社会组织,特别是由年长妇女促成的亲属关系和婚姻关系,是促进成功移徙的重要因素。承认妇女直接或通过其社会生殖和网络活动对该部门的贡献,在更大的海洋文献和以生产为中心的渔业政策制定中都看不见,对于实现福祉和可持续性成果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Maritime Studies
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