Camila S. Agostino Peter M. E. Claessens, F. Balcı, Y. Zana
The role of specific cognitive processes in deviations from constant discounting in intertemporal choice is not well understood. We evaluated decreased impatience in intertemporal choice tasks independent of discounting rate and non-linearity in long-scale time representation; nonlinear time representation was expected to explain inconsistencies in discounting rate. Participants performed temporal magnitude estimation and intertemporal choice tasks. Psychophysical functions for time intervals were estimated by fitting linear and power functions, while discounting functions were estimated by fitting exponential and hyperbolic functions. The temporal magnitude estimates of 65% of the participants were better fit with power functions (mostly compression). 63% of the participants had intertemporal choice patterns corresponding best to hyperbolic functions. Even when the perceptual bias in the temporal magnitude estimations was compensated in the discounting rate computation, the data of 8 out of 14 participants continued exhibiting temporal inconsistency. The results suggest that temporal inconsistency in discounting rate can be explained to different degrees by the bias in temporal representations. Non-linearity in temporal representation and discounting rate should be evaluated on an individual basis. Keywords: Intertemporal choice, temporal magnitude, model comparison, impatience, time inconsistency
{"title":"The role of time estimation in decreased impatience in intertemporal choice.","authors":"Camila S. Agostino Peter M. E. Claessens, F. Balcı, Y. Zana","doi":"10.1037/npe0000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000147","url":null,"abstract":"The role of specific cognitive processes in deviations from constant discounting in intertemporal choice is not well understood. We evaluated decreased impatience in intertemporal choice tasks independent of discounting rate and non-linearity in long-scale time representation; nonlinear time representation was expected to explain inconsistencies in discounting rate. Participants performed temporal magnitude estimation and intertemporal choice tasks. Psychophysical functions for time intervals were estimated by fitting linear and power functions, while discounting functions were estimated by fitting exponential and hyperbolic functions. The temporal magnitude estimates of 65% of the participants were better fit with power functions (mostly compression). 63% of the participants had intertemporal choice patterns corresponding best to hyperbolic functions. Even when the perceptual bias in the temporal magnitude estimations was compensated in the discounting rate computation, the data of 8 out of 14 participants continued exhibiting temporal inconsistency. The results suggest that temporal inconsistency in discounting rate can be explained to different degrees by the bias in temporal representations. Non-linearity in temporal representation and discounting rate should be evaluated on an individual basis. Keywords: Intertemporal choice, temporal magnitude, model comparison, impatience, time inconsistency","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fil: Delbianco, Fernando Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Matematica Bahia Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Matematica. Instituto de Matematica Bahia Blanca; Argentina
{"title":"The impact of birth order on behavior in contact team sports: Evidence of rugby teams.","authors":"Fernando Delbianco, Federico Fioravanti, F. Tohmé","doi":"10.1037/NPE0000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/NPE0000135","url":null,"abstract":"Fil: Delbianco, Fernando Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Matematica Bahia Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Matematica. Instituto de Matematica Bahia Blanca; Argentina","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75371164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of brand history on consumers’ cognitive process and brand attitude.","authors":"Fu-hua Guo, Xuefeng Zhang","doi":"10.1037/NPE0000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/NPE0000136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84667911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bull, bear, or rat markets: Rat “stock market” task reveals human-like behavioral biases.","authors":"Annamarie W. Huttunen, Hayley M Reeve, E. Bowman","doi":"10.1037/NPE0000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/NPE0000133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79699667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the modulation of neural and behavioral responses to moral dilemmasby the physical presence of a close friend. We argue that the presence of a close othernot only changes the moral response but also the process of decision-making, some-thing that can only be discovered by combining insights from social and cognitivepsychology. Our participants rated the acceptability of sacrificing ingroup members tosave outgroup members and vice versa while being alone or in the presence of a closeother. We obtained behavioral and functional MRI data from a within-participantfunctional MRI study (N17, native Dutch women). The behavioral data replicatedclassical identity theory with regard to higher acceptability to sacrifice the outgroup (vs.the ingroup) but did not show any differences when deciding alone or in the presenceof the friend. The imaging results did not reveal main and interaction effects in ourhypothesized brain areas. Exploratory analysis however revealed an interaction effectin a region previously found to be related to guilt and shame (superior frontal gyrus),such that reactions to the sacrifice of the outgroup evoked increased activation whenbeing together with a close other
{"title":"Better together? The neural response to moral dilemmas is moderated by the presence of a close other.","authors":"Suzanne van Gils, Tobias Otto, N. Dinartika","doi":"10.1037/npe0000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000126","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the modulation of neural and behavioral responses to moral dilemmasby the physical presence of a close friend. We argue that the presence of a close othernot only changes the moral response but also the process of decision-making, some-thing that can only be discovered by combining insights from social and cognitivepsychology. Our participants rated the acceptability of sacrificing ingroup members tosave outgroup members and vice versa while being alone or in the presence of a closeother. We obtained behavioral and functional MRI data from a within-participantfunctional MRI study (N17, native Dutch women). The behavioral data replicatedclassical identity theory with regard to higher acceptability to sacrifice the outgroup (vs.the ingroup) but did not show any differences when deciding alone or in the presenceof the friend. The imaging results did not reveal main and interaction effects in ourhypothesized brain areas. Exploratory analysis however revealed an interaction effectin a region previously found to be related to guilt and shame (superior frontal gyrus),such that reactions to the sacrifice of the outgroup evoked increased activation whenbeing together with a close other","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74334730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Grecucci, C. Giorgetta, Sara Lorandini, A. Sanfey, N. Bonini
Previous studies explored the possibility to use cognitive strategies to bias economic decisions by altering their emotional impact. One emerging question, but yet unsolved, is whether different cognitive strategies impact our decisions in the same or different ways. Another intriguing question is whether these strategies alter our decisions by altering the valence or by affecting the arousal of the emotion associated with the economic exchange. In the present study, we compared the effect of 2 emotion regulation strategies, namely, reappraisal and distancing, and showed that reappraisal is able to increase the valence of the emotions associated with monetary divisions in the dictator game (Experiment 1) and to reduce rejection rates in the ultimatum game (Experiment 2), whereas distancing decreases the arousal of emotions (Experiment 1) but surprisingly increases rejection rates (Experiment 2). Moreover, in the present study, we explored the cognitive effort associated with the usage of regulatory strategies during decision-making, using the galvanic skin response as index, and found an increase in physiological arousal when applying both strategies. These results extend our understanding of how to bias individuals' decisions in a desired direction by using different strategies that alter one aspect or the other of the emotional reaction.
{"title":"Changing decisions by changing emotions: Behavioral and physiological evidence of two emotion regulation strategies.","authors":"A. Grecucci, C. Giorgetta, Sara Lorandini, A. Sanfey, N. Bonini","doi":"10.1037/npe0000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000130","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies explored the possibility to use cognitive strategies to bias economic decisions by altering their emotional impact. One emerging question, but yet unsolved, is whether different cognitive strategies impact our decisions in the same or different ways. Another intriguing question is whether these strategies alter our decisions by altering the valence or by affecting the arousal of the emotion associated with the economic exchange. In the present study, we compared the effect of 2 emotion regulation strategies, namely, reappraisal and distancing, and showed that reappraisal is able to increase the valence of the emotions associated with monetary divisions in the dictator game (Experiment 1) and to reduce rejection rates in the ultimatum game (Experiment 2), whereas distancing decreases the arousal of emotions (Experiment 1) but surprisingly increases rejection rates (Experiment 2). Moreover, in the present study, we explored the cognitive effort associated with the usage of regulatory strategies during decision-making, using the galvanic skin response as index, and found an increase in physiological arousal when applying both strategies. These results extend our understanding of how to bias individuals' decisions in a desired direction by using different strategies that alter one aspect or the other of the emotional reaction.","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75284703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angé Weinrabe, Hui-Kuan Chung, Agnieszka Tymula, J. Tran, I. Hickie
{"title":"Economic rationality in youth with emerging mood disorders.","authors":"Angé Weinrabe, Hui-Kuan Chung, Agnieszka Tymula, J. Tran, I. Hickie","doi":"10.1037/npe0000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79028340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The theory of general acuity: A psychophysical application to noncognitive measurement free from introspective self-report.","authors":"J. Leeds","doi":"10.1037/npe0000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74552117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavioral and neural indices of trust formation in cross-race and same-race interactions.","authors":"Irmak Olcaysoy Okten, A. Magerman, Chad E. Forbes","doi":"10.1037/npe0000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90337939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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