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Accountability at a local community placed in a global context: the case of the Jasmine Village 全球背景下的地方社区问责制:茉莉花村案例
IF 2.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-12-2022-0351
Ahmed Diab

Purpose

The study examines how calculative practices and accountability appear in a rural community of marginalised people in Egypt who depend on jasmine plantations that contribute to the production of global essences.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from various sources, namely conversations with villagers, documents and relevant videos and news available on social media and the Internet. This study draws on the concepts of social accountability, the politics of blame avoidance and using calculative practices as a language to explain accountability in context.

Findings

The author found a lack of accountability on the part of the government and business owners, with serious implications for the livelihoods of people in a community that has been wholly dependent on jasmine plantations for a century. Power holders have deployed a blame-shifting game to avoid social responsibility. In response, calculative practices rather than advanced accounting tools are used by the poor in the community to induce power holders to be accountable.

Social implications

The findings of this study show that authorities need to take proactive steps to address the disadvantaged position of powerless people in the lower echelons of society, recognising their accountability for those people.

Originality/value

This paper enhances the understanding of the status of calculative practices and accountability in a community of marginalised people who contribute to the production of global commodities. The paper also enhances the understanding of what goes on behind the scenes with popular and prestigious commodities, whose development is initiated in poor countries, with the end product marketed in rich Western countries.

目的 本研究探讨了埃及一个农村社区中的计算惯例和问责制是如何出现的,该社区中的边缘化人群依赖于茉莉花种植园,而茉莉花种植园为全球精油的生产做出了贡献。作者发现,政府和企业主缺乏责任感,这严重影响了一个世纪以来完全依赖茉莉花种植的社区居民的生计。当权者玩起了推卸责任的游戏,以逃避社会责任。社会影响本研究的结果表明,当局需要采取积极措施,解决社会底层无权无势者的弱势地位问题,并承认他们对这些人负有责任。 原创性/价值本论文加深了人们对一个为全球商品生产做出贡献的边缘化群体中的计算做法和责任状况的理解。本文还加深了人们对流行商品和著名商品幕后情况的了解,这些商品的开发始于贫穷国家,最终产品在富裕的西方国家销售。
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引用次数: 0
Politically connected business and real earnings management: the moderating role of family control and audit quality 政治关联企业与真实盈余管理:家族控制与审计质量的调节作用
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-07-2023-0199
Mushahid Hussain Baig, Xu Jin, Rizwan Ali
Purpose This study examines whether real earnings management (REM) choices are connected with the ownership structure of politically connected businesses (PCBs). The authors also discuss the moderating role of audit quality (AQ) and family control (FC) on the relationship between PCBs and REM. Design/methodology/approach The authors' study sample comprises firms registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE). The sample examines the financial data of the firms that remained listed for the last eight years, i.e. from 2011 to 2018, excluding nonfinance companies and firms with incomplete data. The authors test the hypothesis using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression methods. Findings The authors find that PCBs show a high level of involvement in income-decreasing REM compared to nonPCBs due to lower litigation risk in REM. However, the authors' results also show that two monitoring mechanisms, AQ and FC, curb the opportunistic behavior of PCBs and reduce the intensity of REM in PCBs. Practical implications The findings of the study are beneficial in decision-making for both internal and external stakeholders, such as creditors, shareholders and competitors. In countries like Pakistan, which fall in the category of emerging economies, PCBs show involvement in income-decreasing REM to change the accurate picture of financial information to attain personal goals, and investors in such countries have a low level of knowledge about earnings management strategies; thus, this study offers detailed knowledge and information to investors and shareholders about political connections and REM. This plays a crucial role for regulators in stiffening the rules and regulations to further assist in more secure financial reporting. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between political connections, REM, FC and AQ in the business context. Second, family-controlled businesses often exhibit distinct characteristics and governance structures compared to nonfamily-controlled firms. Exploring the moderating role of FC in the following relationship could provide valuable insights into how family dynamics influence the financial reporting practices of PCBs. Third, AQ is a critical factor in ensuring financial reporting transparency. However, the interaction between AQ, political connections, and REM remains relatively unexplored. This study explains how audit oversight affects the earnings management behavior of PCBs.
目的研究政治关联企业(PCBs)的股权结构是否与实际盈余管理(REM)选择相关。作者还讨论了审计质量(AQ)和家族控制(FC)对多氯联苯和REM之间关系的调节作用。设计/方法/方法作者的研究样本包括在巴基斯坦证券交易所(PSE)注册的公司。样本分析了过去8年(即2011年至2018年)未上市公司的财务数据,不包括非金融公司和数据不完整的公司。作者采用可行广义最小二乘(FGLS)回归方法对假设进行了检验。研究发现,与非多氯联苯相比,多氯联苯在快速眼动中表现出较低的诉讼风险,对减少收入的快速眼动的参与程度较高。然而,两种监测机制(AQ和FC)也抑制了多氯联苯的机会主义行为,并降低了多氯联苯的快速眼动强度。研究结果对内部和外部利益相关者(如债权人、股东和竞争对手)的决策都是有益的。在巴基斯坦等属于新兴经济体的国家,pcb参与了减少收入的REM,以改变财务信息的准确图景,以实现个人目标,这些国家的投资者对盈余管理策略的了解水平较低;因此,本研究为投资者和股东提供了有关政治关系和REM的详细知识和信息。这对监管机构在加强规章制度以进一步协助更安全的财务报告方面发挥了至关重要的作用。独创性/价值本研究对商业背景下政治关系、REM、FC和AQ之间的相互作用提供了细致入微的理解,从而对文献有所贡献。其次,与非家族企业相比,家族企业往往表现出截然不同的特征和治理结构。探索家庭因素在以下关系中的调节作用,可以为家庭动态如何影响多氯联苯的财务报告实践提供有价值的见解。第三,AQ是确保财务报告透明度的关键因素。然而,AQ、政治关系和REM之间的相互作用仍然相对未被探索。本研究解释审计监督如何影响pcb的盈余管理行为。
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引用次数: 0
Women in top executive positions, external audit quality and financial reporting quality: evidence from Vietnam 女性高管、外部审计质量和财务报告质量:来自越南的证据
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-03-2023-0059
Quang Khai Nguyen
Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of the presence of women in top executive positions on financial reporting quality (FRQ) and the role of external audit in enhancing the role of women in top executive positions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sample of 644 Vietnamese-listed firms from 2010 to 2020 and applies fixed-effect and dynamic system generalized method of moments techniques for empirical models to test the related hypotheses. Findings First, this study found a U-shaped relationship between women on the board and FRQ as well as women on the audit committee and FRQ. Second, female CEOs are positively associated with FRQ in small firms but there is no evidence of this in large firms. Third, a female chief accountant can enhance FRQ. Finally, external audit quality can reduce the negative effect of women on the board and the audit committee on FRQ and increase the positive impact of female chief accountants on FRQ. Practical implications The results support all risk-averse, ethical sensitivity and glass ceiling hypotheses in different contexts. This study provides important implications for firms to enhance FRQ by nominating women in a majority of top executive positions and simultaneously using high-quality external audit services. Originality/value The impact of women in top executive positions on controlling FRQ in different contexts is an original contribution to gender in management literature.
本研究旨在探讨女性担任高层管理职位对财务报告质量(FRQ)的影响,以及外部审计在增强女性担任高层管理职位方面的作用。本研究以2010 - 2020年644家越南上市公司为样本,运用固定效应和动态系统广义矩量法技术建立实证模型,对相关假设进行检验。首先,本研究发现董事会女性成员与FRQ以及审计委员会女性成员与FRQ之间呈u型关系。其次,在小公司中,女性ceo与FRQ呈正相关,但在大公司中没有证据表明这一点。第三,女性总会计师可以提高财务报表质量。最后,外部审计质量可以减少董事会和审计委员会中女性对财务报表质量的负面影响,增加女性首席会计师对财务报表质量的积极影响。研究结果在不同背景下支持所有风险规避、伦理敏感性和玻璃天花板假说。这项研究为公司通过提名女性担任大多数高层管理职位并同时使用高质量的外部审计服务来提高财务汇报率提供了重要启示。在不同的背景下,女性在高级管理职位上对控制FRQ的影响是对管理文献中性别的一项原创贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Board gender diversity, institutional ownership and earnings management: evidence from East African community listed firms 董事会性别多样性、机构所有权与盈余管理:来自东非社区上市公司的证据
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-10-2022-0312
Peter Nderitu Githaiga
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of institutional ownership on the relationship between board gender diversity and earnings management (EM) among listed firms in East African Community (EAC) partner states. Design/methodology/approach The study used a sample of 71 firms listed in the EAC partner states over 2011–2020. Data were handpicked from the individual firm's audited annual financial reports. Based on the results of the Hausman test, the study used the results of the fixed-effect regression model to test the hypotheses. To test the robustness of the results, the study employed an alternative measure of EM and two additional econometric techniques, including the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and the system generalized method of moments (GMM). Findings The empirical findings revealed that female directors improve the board's effectiveness in monitoring managerial roles. Specifically, the results showed a significantly negative relationship between the proportion of women in the corporate board and EM (as measured by discretionary accruals (DAs)). The findings further revealed an inverse relationship between the proportion of institutional ownership and EM. Finally, the results further demonstrated that institutional ownership enhances the role of board gender diversity in mitigating EM among listed firms in the EAC. Practical implications The findings of this study may be useful to managers, investors and regulators in assessing the role of institutional ownership and women's participation on corporate boards as a strategy for alleviating unethical manipulation of earnings. Social implications The findings of this study contribute to the growing concern on gender inequality, especially the marginalization of women from the paid labor force and decision-making. The findings highlight the importance of having more women in the corporate board since this may help in mitigating corporate fraud. Similarly, the findings highlight the importance of institutional ownership as a corporate governance (CG) tool. Originality/value Previous studies have reported mixed empirical results on whether board gender diversity mitigates EM. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper to fill the existing gap by exploring whether institutional ownership moderates the relationship between board gender diversity and EM among listed firms in the EAC.
本研究的目的是探讨机构所有权对东非共同体(EAC)伙伴国上市公司董事会性别多样性与盈余管理(EM)之间关系的调节作用。设计/方法/方法该研究使用了2011-2020年EAC合作州的71家公司样本。数据是从各家公司经审计的年度财务报告中精心挑选出来的。本研究在Hausman检验结果的基础上,采用固定效应回归模型的结果对假设进行检验。为了检验结果的稳健性,本研究采用了EM的替代测量方法和两种额外的计量经济学技术,包括汇集普通最小二乘(OLS)和系统广义矩法(GMM)。实证研究发现,女性董事提高了董事会监督管理角色的有效性。具体来说,研究结果显示,公司董事会中女性比例与新兴市场之间存在显著的负相关关系(以可支配应计利润(DAs)衡量)。研究结果进一步揭示了机构持股比例与新兴市场之间的负相关关系。最后,研究结果进一步表明,机构持股增强了董事会性别多样性在缓解东亚共同体上市公司新兴市场中的作用。本研究的结果可能有助于管理者、投资者和监管机构评估机构所有权和女性参与公司董事会作为减轻不道德操纵收益的战略的作用。本研究的结果促使人们越来越关注性别不平等,特别是妇女在有偿劳动力和决策方面的边缘化。研究结果强调了公司董事会中有更多女性的重要性,因为这可能有助于减少公司欺诈。同样,研究结果强调了机构所有权作为公司治理工具的重要性。先前的研究报告了关于董事会性别多样性是否会缓解新兴市场的混合实证结果。据笔者所知,这是第一篇通过探索机构所有权是否会调节EAC上市公司董事会性别多样性与新兴市场之间的关系来填补现有空白的论文。
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引用次数: 0
The readability and narrative tone of risk and risk management disclosures for South African listed companies 南非上市公司风险与风险管理披露的可读性与叙事基调
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-09-2022-0276
Zack Enslin, Elda du Toit, Mangwakong Faith Puane
Purpose Risk information provides information to enable stakeholders to make informed decisions about a company. Corporate communications should be readable and unbiased so as not to hamper disclosure usefulness. This study assesses whether risk disclosures in the integrated reports are readable and unbiased. Design/methodology/approach The readability and narrative tone of South African listed companies' risk and risk management disclosures as disclosed in their integrated reports are analysed using automated software for the Top 40 JSE listed companies from 2015 to 2019. Findings The results show that risk and risk management disclosures are unreadable and lack any improvement in readability during the period. Additionally, these disclosures are biased toward narrative tones signalling communality and certainty. Originality/value The study adds to the literature on the readability of corporate reports, by focussing on the readability and narrative tone of risk and risk management disclosures during a period of increased scrutiny over the content of such disclosures. Also, by analysing risk disclosure and risk management disclosure separately, and by performing trend analysis to determine whether requirement changes related to content (specifically King IV) affect readability and narrative tones.
目的风险信息提供信息,使利益相关者能够对公司做出明智的决策。公司沟通应该是可读的和公正的,以免妨碍披露的有用性。本研究评估综合报告中的风险披露是否可读和公正。设计/方法/方法使用自动化软件分析2015年至2019年南非上市公司综合报告中披露的风险和风险管理披露的可读性和叙事基调。结果表明,风险和风险管理信息披露难以阅读,且在此期间缺乏可读性的改善。此外,这些披露倾向于表明共同性和确定性的叙事语气。独创性/价值本研究增加了关于公司报告可读性的文献,重点关注风险和风险管理披露的可读性和叙述基调,同时加强了对这些披露内容的审查。同样,通过分别分析风险披露和风险管理披露,并通过执行趋势分析来确定与内容(特别是King IV)相关的需求变化是否会影响可读性和叙述基调。
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引用次数: 0
Fair value estimates of investment property, corporate governance and audit pricing: evidence from the Hong Kong real estate industry 投资物业的公允价值估计、公司管治及审计定价:来自香港地产业的证据
IF 2.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-06-2022-0188
Feng Tang
PurposeFollowing the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), firms are required to recognize gains or losses from investment property revaluation in the income statement, instead of equity in the balance sheet. This results in both a “materiality effect” (as auditors set a higher materiality level and require lower audit efforts) and a “cushion effect” (as revaluation gains serve as a cushion and reduce earnings manipulation incentives). Utilizing this unique setting, this study investigates whether the use of fair value measurement for investment property affects audit pricing before and after IFRS convergence in the Hong Kong real estate industry.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 78 real estate companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in the pre-IFRS period (2001–2004) and the post-IFRS period (2005–2008), this study employs multivariate regression analyses to test the research hypotheses with respect to the association between investment property revaluation and audit fees and the role of corporate governance structures in the context of family control.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that audit fees decrease with revaluation gains or losses from investment property revaluation after IFRS convergence, but not before. Furthermore, the negative association is stronger in companies controlled by founders, with proportionally more independent directors on the board and with a smaller board size. This is consistent with the moderating effect of corporate governance.Originality/valueThe findings shed more light on the consequences of fair value accounting for non-financial assets and are of interest to regulators for assessing the benefits of the wide use of fair value measurement under IFRS in emerging markets, especially where the corporate ownership structure is typically controlled by founding families. This study also provides recommendations for the audit community to fully consider the impact of asset revaluation on audit procedures and audit pricing.
目的采用国际财务报告准则(IFRS)后,公司被要求在损益表中确认投资性房地产重估的收益或损失,而不是在资产负债表中确认权益。这就产生了“重要性效应”(审计师设定了更高的重要性水平,需要更少的审计努力)和“缓冲效应”(重估收益起到缓冲作用,减少了盈余操纵的激励)。利用这一独特的环境,本研究探讨了香港房地产行业在IFRS趋同之前和之后对投资性房地产使用公允价值计量是否影响审计定价。设计/方法/方法本研究以78家在香港联交所上市的房地产公司为样本,采用多变量回归分析来检验投资物业重估与审计费用之间的关系,以及家族控制背景下公司治理结构的作用。实证结果表明,与IFRS趋同后,审计费用随着投资性房地产重估收益或损失的减少而减少,而与IFRS趋同前则不然。此外,在创始人控制的公司中,这种负面关联更强,董事会中独立董事的比例更高,董事会规模更小。这与公司治理的调节作用是一致的。这些发现进一步揭示了公允价值会计对非金融资产的影响,对于监管机构评估在新兴市场(特别是在企业所有权结构通常由创始家族控制的市场)广泛使用IFRS下的公允价值计量的好处具有重要意义。本研究还为审计界充分考虑资产重估对审计程序和审计定价的影响提供了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Content characteristics of key audit matters reported by auditors in Bangladesh and their implications for audit quality 孟加拉国审计员报告的主要审计事项的内容特点及其对审计质量的影响
IF 2.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-12-2022-0344
Md Khokan Bepari, Shamsun Nahar, A. Mollik, Mohammad Istiaq Azim
PurposeIn this study the authors examine the nature and contents of key audit matters (KAMs), and the consequences of KAMs reporting on audit quality in the context of a developing country, Bangladesh. The authors’ proxies of audit qualities are discretionary accruals, small positive earnings surprise, audit report lag, earnings management via below the line items and audit fees.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use content analysis of the KAMs for the period 2018–2021 to understand the nature and extent of KAMs reported by auditors in Bangladesh. The authors then use multivariate regression analysis to examine the effect of the number and content characteristics of KAMs on audit quality by using multivariate regression analysis.FindingsAuditors in Bangladesh disclose a higher number of KAMs compared to other countries, disclose short descriptions of KAMs and industry generic KAMs. The authors document significant cross-sectional variations in the number and content characteristics of KAMs reported by auditors in Bangladesh. The authors’ pre-post analysis suggest that audit quality has improved after the adoption of KAMs. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that KAMs number and content characteristics are related to audit quality.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings imply that the KAMs reporting has the potential to play significant monitoring role in reducing the opportunistic behavior of managers. Hence, KAMs reporting can play a significant role in reducing the agency problem. For regulators, shareholders and corporate managers, the authors’ findings imply that if the audit quality is to be increased, the audit effort should be supported by an appropriate amount of audit fee.Social implicationsThe content characteristics of KAMs significantly influence managerial reporting behavior and affect the level of audit efforts.Originality/valueUnlike developed countries (Gutierrez et al., 2018; Lennox et al. 2022), this study supports that KAMs reporting improves audit quality and control opportunistic behavior of managers in developing countries. The authors show that even though the KAMs disclosure quality is poor, it has the potential to improve financial reporting quality.
在本研究中,作者考察了关键审计事项(kam)的性质和内容,以及kam报告对发展中国家孟加拉国审计质量的影响。审计质量的代表是可自由支配的应计利润、小的正盈余意外、审计报告滞后、通过以下项目进行盈余管理和审计费用。设计/方法/方法作者使用2018-2021年期间kam的内容分析来了解孟加拉国审计师报告的kam的性质和范围。运用多元回归分析方法,考察了审计对象数量特征和内容特征对审计质量的影响。与其他国家相比,孟加拉国的审计师披露了更多的kam,披露了kam的简短描述和行业通用kam。作者记录了孟加拉国审计员报告的kam的数量和内容特征的显著横截面变化。本文作者的事前事后分析表明,采用知识管理模式后,审计质量有所提高。横断面分析表明,KAMs的数量和内容特征与审计质量有关。实践启示:作者的研究结果表明,KAMs报告在减少管理者机会主义行为方面具有重要的监测作用。因此,KAMs的报告可以在减少代理问题方面发挥重要作用。对于监管者、股东和公司管理者来说,作者的研究结果表明,如果要提高审计质量,审计工作应该得到适当数量的审计费用的支持。社会意义kanm的内容特征显著影响管理报告行为和审计工作水平。与发达国家不同(Gutierrez et al., 2018;Lennox et al. 2022),本研究支持KAMs报告提高了审计质量,并控制了发展中国家管理者的机会主义行为。研究表明,尽管资产管理公司的信息披露质量较差,但它具有提高财务报告质量的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for employment and government accountability: evidence from an emerging market 新冠肺炎疫情对就业和政府问责制的影响:来自新兴市场的证据
IF 2.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-09-2022-0266
Ahmed Diab
PurposeThis study analyses the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on government accountability regarding the employment of both national and migrant workforces by bringing evidence from an emerging market. In doing so, this study addresses if/how the government discharged its accountability to the public during this recent global health crisis, which started in late 2019, with its effects still being felt today.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a close reading of the relevant news media (local and international), published research and official reports, as well as ten conversations with business managers to analyse the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on government accountability in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study draws on insights from public choice theory in trying to understand why some governments take an economic perspective while exercising accountability to their population during the pandemic.FindingsIt was found that COVID-19 led the government to pursue plans for the localization of the professions and increase employment rates among nationals vs. foreigners or migrant workers. The crisis was exploited by the government to achieve macro socio-political and economic goals, demonstrating its accountability to citizens, rather than foreign workers. This shift shows that difficult and exceptional circumstances can present opportunities for policymakers in emerging markets to achieve national policy and political aims.Originality/valueThis study enhances the author’s understanding of accountability during crises (i.e. crises-induced accountability) in emerging markets. The analyses presented enrich the crisis management literature by highlighting the implicit actions of national leaders that affect the lives and well-being of their constituents, especially vulnerable groups.
目的本研究通过从新兴市场获得证据,分析了新冠肺炎对政府在本国和移民劳动力就业方面的问责制的社会经济影响。在这样做的过程中,这项研究探讨了政府是否/如何在最近的这场始于2019年底的全球卫生危机中履行对公众的责任,其影响至今仍能感受到。设计/方法/方法本研究基于对相关新闻媒体(当地和国际)、已发表的研究和官方报告的仔细阅读,以及与企业经理的十次对话,以分析新冠肺炎对沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA)政府问责的社会经济影响。这项研究借鉴了公共选择理论的见解,试图理解为什么一些政府在疫情期间对民众负责时会从经济角度出发。调查结果发现,新冠肺炎导致政府推行职业本地化计划,并提高国民与外国人或移民工人的就业率。政府利用这场危机来实现宏观社会政治和经济目标,表明政府对公民而非外国工人负责。这种转变表明,困难和特殊的情况可以为新兴市场的决策者提供实现国家政策和政治目标的机会。独创性/价值这项研究增强了作者对新兴市场危机期间问责制(即危机引发的问责制)的理解。所提供的分析通过强调国家领导人影响其选民,特别是弱势群体的生活和福祉的隐性行动,丰富了危机管理文献。
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引用次数: 0
What do we know about real earnings management in the GCC? 我们对海湾合作委员会的实际盈余管理了解多少?
IF 2.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-06-2023-0180
Mahmoud Alghemary, B. Al‐Najjar, N. Polovina
PurposeThe authors empirically investigate the association between acquisition, ownership structure and accrual earnings management (AEM) on real earnings management (REM) using Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-listed firms' context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' sample consists of 1,892 firm-year observations for the period from 2007–2017, and the authors adopt a panel data approach in investigating the interrelationships in this study. The authors employ different econometrics approach to test the authors' hypotheses.FindingsThe findings reveal that acquiring companies engage more in AEM if compared to REM. In terms of ownership structure, institutional ownership and state ownership mitigate the engagement in REM, whereas foreign ownership is found to be an ineffective mechanism in reducing engagement in REM. The authors report similar findings on ownership structure for AEM. The authors also find that the GCC firms engage more in REM when the firms engage in AEM, suggesting a complementary relation between these two earnings management techniques. These findings are robust after controlling for different aspects including any endogeneity issue in the authors' models.Originality/valueThe authors' research highlights the importance of understanding REM and AEM dynamics in GCC context. Also, the authors' findings on ownership structure suggest that GCC-listed firms can gain from institutional and state ownership which restricts earnings management, improving firm transparency and subsequently impacting firm performance.
目的利用海湾合作委员会(GCC)上市公司的背景,实证研究了收购、股权结构和应计盈余管理(AEM)对实际盈余管理(REM)的影响。设计/方法/方法作者的样本包括2007-2017年期间的1892个公司年度观察结果,作者在调查本研究中的相互关系时采用了面板数据方法。作者采用不同的计量经济学方法来检验作者的假设。研究结果表明,与REM相比,收购公司更多地参与AEM。就所有权结构而言,机构所有权和国家所有权减轻了对REM的参与,而外国所有权被发现是减少对REM参与的无效机制。作者报告了关于AEM所有权结构的类似研究结果。作者还发现,当GCC公司参与AEM时,GCC公司更多地参与REM,这表明这两种盈余管理技术之间存在互补关系。在控制了不同方面(包括作者模型中的任何内生性问题)后,这些发现是稳健的。原创性/价值作者的研究强调了在GCC背景下理解REM和AEM动力学的重要性。此外,作者对股权结构的研究结果表明,海湾合作委员会上市公司可以从机构和国家所有权中获益,这限制了盈余管理,提高了公司透明度,进而影响了公司业绩。
{"title":"What do we know about real earnings management in the GCC?","authors":"Mahmoud Alghemary, B. Al‐Najjar, N. Polovina","doi":"10.1108/jaee-06-2023-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-06-2023-0180","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe authors empirically investigate the association between acquisition, ownership structure and accrual earnings management (AEM) on real earnings management (REM) using Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-listed firms' context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' sample consists of 1,892 firm-year observations for the period from 2007–2017, and the authors adopt a panel data approach in investigating the interrelationships in this study. The authors employ different econometrics approach to test the authors' hypotheses.FindingsThe findings reveal that acquiring companies engage more in AEM if compared to REM. In terms of ownership structure, institutional ownership and state ownership mitigate the engagement in REM, whereas foreign ownership is found to be an ineffective mechanism in reducing engagement in REM. The authors report similar findings on ownership structure for AEM. The authors also find that the GCC firms engage more in REM when the firms engage in AEM, suggesting a complementary relation between these two earnings management techniques. These findings are robust after controlling for different aspects including any endogeneity issue in the authors' models.Originality/valueThe authors' research highlights the importance of understanding REM and AEM dynamics in GCC context. Also, the authors' findings on ownership structure suggest that GCC-listed firms can gain from institutional and state ownership which restricts earnings management, improving firm transparency and subsequently impacting firm performance.","PeriodicalId":45702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How do auditor attributes affect bank earnings management? Evidence from Africa 审计师的属性如何影响银行盈余管理?来自非洲的证据
IF 2.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-09-2022-0255
Yosra Mnif, Imen Slimi
PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact of the auditor's characteristics on bank's earnings management (EM) through loan loss provisions (LLP) for African banks.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on 360 bank-year observations from 14 African countries for the period 2011–2016, discretionary LLP is used as proxy for EM. Panel regressions have been conducted.FindingsThe authors' findings reveal that auditor's industry specialization and tenure exert a negative and significant influence on the extent of LLP-based EM. The results also show that total fees paid to the banks' auditors are positively related to the extent of EM. In a further analysis, the authors find that industry specialist auditors are more effective in reducing the incoming-increasing. Similarly, the positive relationship previously found between EM and total fees still holds only for income-increasing. Moreover, auditor tenure negatively impacts both income-increasing and income-decreasing EM. As for auditor change, results reveal differential effect on EM.Originality/valueThe current research extends prior literature and provides an understanding of an important external monitoring mechanism, the external audit, within African banks. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is a paucity of cross-country studies that has addressed the influence of auditors' attributes on banks' EM in Africa.
目的通过对非洲银行的贷款损失准备金(LLP),考察审计师的特征对银行盈余管理的影响。设计/方法/方法本研究基于14个非洲国家2011-2016年期间360个银行年度的观察结果,使用全权委托LLP作为EM的代理。进行了面板回归。研究结果作者的研究结果表明,审计师的行业专业化和任期对基于LLP的EM的程度产生了负面和显著的影响。研究结果还表明,支付给银行审计师的总费用与EM的程度呈正相关。在进一步的分析中,作者发现,行业专家审计师在减少收入增长方面更为有效。同样,以前发现的EM和总费用之间的正相关关系仍然只适用于收入增加。此外,审计师任期对收入增加和收入减少的EM都有负面影响。至于审计师的变动,结果显示了对EM的不同影响。原始性/价值当前的研究扩展了先前的文献,并对非洲银行内部的一种重要外部监测机制——外部审计——提供了理解。据作者所知,很少有跨国研究涉及审计师属性对非洲银行EM的影响。
{"title":"How do auditor attributes affect bank earnings management? Evidence from Africa","authors":"Yosra Mnif, Imen Slimi","doi":"10.1108/jaee-09-2022-0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-09-2022-0255","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact of the auditor's characteristics on bank's earnings management (EM) through loan loss provisions (LLP) for African banks.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on 360 bank-year observations from 14 African countries for the period 2011–2016, discretionary LLP is used as proxy for EM. Panel regressions have been conducted.FindingsThe authors' findings reveal that auditor's industry specialization and tenure exert a negative and significant influence on the extent of LLP-based EM. The results also show that total fees paid to the banks' auditors are positively related to the extent of EM. In a further analysis, the authors find that industry specialist auditors are more effective in reducing the incoming-increasing. Similarly, the positive relationship previously found between EM and total fees still holds only for income-increasing. Moreover, auditor tenure negatively impacts both income-increasing and income-decreasing EM. As for auditor change, results reveal differential effect on EM.Originality/valueThe current research extends prior literature and provides an understanding of an important external monitoring mechanism, the external audit, within African banks. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is a paucity of cross-country studies that has addressed the influence of auditors' attributes on banks' EM in Africa.","PeriodicalId":45702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies
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