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Audit fees under the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Oman 新冠肺炎疫情下的审计费用:来自阿曼的证据
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-08-2021-0269
A. Al-Qadasi, S. Baatwah, W. Omer
PurposeThe worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significant effects on financial markets and companies, causing an unprecedented level of uncertainty in reporting and auditing companies' financial statements. This study explores whether and how COVID-19 affects audit fees.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 268 firm-year observations from the Omani capital market between 2017 and 2020, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with a robust standard error is applied to answer the research question of this study.FindingsThe authors find that the pandemic has a significant and positive association with audit fees and abnormal audit fees. This finding suggests that the threat of risk, complexity and legal liability circumstances resulting from the pandemic can be compensated by charging higher audit fees. In addition, the authors provide evidence that Big4 audit firms are those most responding to COVID-19 by charging higher audit fees. Finally, the authors conclude that large companies are less sensitive to the pandemic.Practical implicationsUsers of financial reports and audit firms should anticipate changes in the audit efforts resulting in increased audit fees during COVID-19. Thus, this paper may guide practitioners and businesses in determining the audit fees and associated costs of any potential pandemic.Originality/valueThe study results are among the earliest empirical insights into the effect of COVID-19 on audit fees in Oman.
目的2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)在全球范围内的传播对金融市场和公司产生了重大影响,导致报告和审计公司财务报表的不确定性达到前所未有的水平。本研究探讨了新冠肺炎是否以及如何影响审计费用。设计/方法/方法使用2017年至2020年间阿曼资本市场268个公司年度的观察样本,应用具有稳健标准误差的普通最小二乘回归来回答本研究的研究问题。研究结果作者发现,疫情与审计费用和异常审计费用有着显著而积极的联系。这一发现表明,疫情造成的风险、复杂性和法律责任情况的威胁可以通过收取更高的审计费来弥补。此外,作者提供的证据表明,Big4审计公司通过收取更高的审计费,是应对新冠肺炎最有力的审计公司。最后,作者得出结论,大公司对疫情的敏感性较低。实际含义财务报告和审计公司的用户应预测新冠肺炎期间审计工作的变化,导致审计费用增加。因此,本文可以指导从业者和企业确定任何潜在疫情的审计费用和相关成本。原创性/价值研究结果是关于新冠肺炎对阿曼审计费用影响的最早实证见解之一。
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引用次数: 12
Effect of board quality on the financial performance of conventional and Islamic banks: international comparative study after the Subprime crisis 董事会质量对传统银行和伊斯兰银行财务绩效的影响:次贷危机后的国际比较研究
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-01-2021-0004
Achraf Haddad

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to compare the board quality's (BQ) impacts on the financial performance (FP) of conventional and Islamic banks (IBs) after the Subprime financial crisis. The main reason is to help financial stakeholders choose the best performing and most appropriate bank type with its engagement based on the BQ index.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the existing gap in previous researches and by using the GLS method (Generalized Least Squares method), the author compared the BQ's impacts on the FP of conventional and IBs. Settings of the FP and BQ were collected from 30 countries located on 4 continents. Two equal samples were tested; each of them is composed of 112 banks. The author concentrated only on the banks that have published regularly the banks' annual reports over the period 2010–2018.

Findings

Cylindrical panel results revealed that in conventional banks (CBs), the BQ has negatively affected banks' FP, while in IBs the BQ's impacts on the banks’' FP is ambiguous. Nevertheless, the positive impacts are more significant on the IBs' FP than the negative impacts on the IBs' FP.

Practical implications

The main practical contribution is the identification and distinction between the impacts of board determinants' quality on the shareholders' profits in the case of conventional and IBs. Hence, conventional or IBs which have a bad BQ will generate less FP and will be classified as a lender of bankruptcy danger for the bank customer. Besides, whatever the bank type, in a financial stable period, good BQ positively influences FP and provides a good impression to stakeholders. Otherwise, FP indicates that the banks suffer from the weaknesses of the board quality determinants.

Originality/value

Returning to the finance and banking governance literature, the author's article provides the first conditional and demonstrative analysis that detailed a logical comparative process to analyze the correlation between the board determinants' quality and the financial performance of conventional and IBs. However, previous research has always discussed the main role of the board as an internal governance mechanism on the FP separately in each bank type.

本研究的目的是比较次贷金融危机后传统银行和伊斯兰银行董事会质量(BQ)对财务绩效(FP)的影响。主要原因是帮助金融利益相关者根据BQ指数选择表现最佳和最合适的银行类型。设计/方法/途径基于前人研究的空白,采用广义最小二乘法(GLS)方法,比较了传统银行和ib银行的业务智商对FP的影响。FP和BQ的设置来自4大洲的30个国家。两个相等的样本进行测试;每个银行由112家银行组成。作者只关注了在2010-2018年期间定期发布年度报告的银行。圆柱形面板结果显示,在传统银行(CBs)中,BQ对银行的FP有负面影响,而在IBs中,BQ对银行FP的影响是模糊的。然而,积极的影响对中小企业生产率的影响比消极的影响更显著。主要的实际贡献是在常规和ib的情况下,识别和区分董事会决定因素的质量对股东利润的影响。因此,BQ不好的传统或ib将产生较少的FP,并将被归类为银行客户的破产危险贷款人。此外,无论银行类型如何,在金融稳定时期,良好的BQ会对FP产生积极影响,并给利益相关者留下良好的印象。否则,FP表明银行遭受董事会质量决定因素的弱点。回到金融和银行治理文献,作者的文章提供了第一个条件和示范分析,详细说明了一个逻辑比较过程,以分析董事会决定因素的质量与传统和IBs的财务绩效之间的相关性。然而,以往的研究总是分别讨论董事会作为一种内部治理机制对不同类型银行财务计划的主要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Does the MTEF shape annual budgets in a developing country? MTEF会影响发展中国家的年度预算吗?
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-08-2019-0154
T. Mkasiwa
PurposeThis paper explores how the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) conflicts with annual budgeting and how University actors responded to such conflicting demands in a public university in Tanzania, a developing country.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected from interviews, observations and document reviews. Data analysis processes were guided by the concepts of organizational façades and organized hypocrisy.FindingsThe findings show that while the state required the university to implement the MTEF, budget preparers and managers were concentrating on basic budgeting problems in annual budgeting. As a result of these conflicting demands decoupling occurred, as there were inconsistencies between the talk and actions of actors in MTEF implementation. In response, actors engaged in organized hypocrisy. The talk and actions were organized by developing pro-effective and symbolic layers. The pro-effective layer showed that actors were concentrating on annual budgeting, while the symbolic layer, through the creation of façades, showed that actors symbolically implemented the MTEF.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that budgetary reforms of governments, Western donors, such as the Inter-national Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and bilateral donors should focus on addressing the basic problems in annual budgeting rather than advocating complex reforms that compel actors to engage in hypocrisy and developing façades. Moreover, university management should address basic budgeting problems to avoid budgeting games during annual budgeting.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to employ the concept of organized hypocrisy to investigate the MTEF. By demonstrating the pro-effective layer, the paper responds to the call for investigation of how accounting works in practice (van Helden et al., 2021). Moreover, by presenting the symbolic layer, the paper responds to the call to investigate how facades are created (Michelon et al., 2016). The paper demonstrates how the concept of organized hypocrisy works well with the concept of organizational facades.
目的本文探讨了中期支出框架(MTEF)与年度预算的冲突,以及大学行为者如何应对发展中国家坦桑尼亚公立大学的这种冲突需求。设计/方法/方法本研究的数据来自访谈、观察和文件审查。数据分析过程以组织外表和组织虚伪的概念为指导。调查结果显示,虽然国家要求大学实施MTEF,但预算编制者和管理者在年度预算中专注于基本预算问题。由于这些相互冲突的要求,出现了脱钩,因为在MTEF实施中,行为者的言论和行动之间存在不一致。作为回应,行动者有组织地虚伪。谈话和行动是通过发展有利于效果和象征性的层次来组织的。效益层表明,行为者正专注于年度预算编制,而象征层通过创建立面,表明行为者象征性地实施了MTEF。实际含义该文件建议,政府、西方捐助者(如国际货币基金组织和世界银行)和双边捐助者的预算改革应侧重于解决年度预算中的基本问题,而不是提倡复杂的改革,迫使行为者虚伪和发展外表。此外,大学管理层应解决基本的预算问题,以避免在年度预算中出现预算游戏。独创性/价值这是第一篇运用有组织虚伪的概念来研究MTEF的论文。通过展示有效层,本文回应了调查会计在实践中如何运作的呼吁(van Helden et al.,2021)。此外,通过呈现象征层,论文回应了研究立面是如何创建的呼吁(Michelon等人,2016)。本文论证了组织虚伪的概念如何与组织外表的概念很好地结合。
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引用次数: 1
Implications of accountability on employment and income: evidence from Nigerian’s deposit banks 问责制对就业和收入的影响:来自尼日利亚存款银行的证据
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-12-2020-0329
A. Asaleye, A. Babajide, H. Inegbedion, D. Eluyela, A. Lawal, R. Maimako
PurposeThe issues of ineffective accountability have affected the performance of banks, which led the Nigerian government to introduce various reforms and policies. However, despite these attempts, the Nigerian banking sector experiences setbacks due to mismanagement of funds, fraudulent activities and lack of proper accountability, which negatively affects employment and income.Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic least square was employed to investigate the selected indicators of Nigerian banks’ accountability, income and employment. Likewise, the study examined the causal effect using the Granger non-causality approach.FindingsIn the income equation, the total amount of fraud, deposit, total bank asset has a negative relationship with the income, while loan advance and operating expense depicted a positive relationship. In the employment equation, demand deposit, operating cost and bank total asset practices negatively affect employment. In contrast, loan advances and saving deposits have a positive relationship with employment in the long run.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, this study suggests, among others, the need for long-term systematic policies and reforms to improve the level of accountability in the Nigerian banking sector.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, empirical studies examining the nexus between employment and accountability in the banking sector remain scarce in the literature. Therefore, this study examines the causality and long-run relationship between accountability and employment in Nigerian Banks.
目的问责不力的问题影响了银行的业绩,导致尼日利亚政府推出了各种改革和政策。然而,尽管有这些尝试,尼日利亚银行业仍因资金管理不善、欺诈活动和缺乏适当的问责制而遭遇挫折,这对就业和收入产生了负面影响。设计/方法/方法采用动态最小二乘法对尼日利亚银行的问责制、收入和就业的选定指标进行调查。同样,该研究使用Granger非因果关系方法检验了因果效应。发现在收入方程中,欺诈总额、存款、银行资产总额与收入呈负相关,贷款预付款和营业费用呈正相关。在就业等式中,活期存款、运营成本和银行总资产做法对就业产生负面影响。相比之下,从长远来看,贷款预付款和储蓄存款与就业呈正相关。实际意义基于这些发现,本研究表明,除其他外,需要长期系统的政策和改革,以提高尼日利亚银行业的问责制水平。原创性/价值据我们所知,研究银行业就业和问责制之间关系的实证研究在文献中仍然很少。因此,本研究考察了尼日利亚银行问责制与就业之间的因果关系和长期关系。
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引用次数: 0
The evolution and determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in a developing country: extent and quality 发展中国家企业社会责任披露的演变及其决定因素:程度与质量
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-02-2020-0031
T. Soobaroyen, D. Ramdhony, Afzalur Rashid, J. Gow
PurposeThis paper examines the evolution and determinants of the extent and quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in a developing country (Mauritius).Design/methodology/approachCSR disclosures from annual reports of all listed companies were hand-collected for a 12-year period (2007–2018). The extent of disclosure was measured using a dichotomous index (41 items) while the quality of each disclosure item was assessed on a three-point scale. We rely on organisational legitimacy and resource dependence theories to investigate (1) trends in CSR disclosure extent and quality (2) the role of selected board and firm characteristics, namely the business qualifications of board members, extent of cross-directorships and the firm’s use of employee volunteering scheme, on CSR disclosure.FindingsCSR disclosure extent, notably in relation to environment and human resources, gradually increased to an overall score of 45%. Comparatively, the quality of disclosures was low, with an average score of 20%. The proportion of business-qualified directors is only positively associated with CSR disclosure extent. The extent of cross-directorships is negatively associated with CSR disclosure quality while employee volunteering is positively associated with disclosure extent and quality.Originality/valueThe findings reveal the relatively low quality of information being disclosed, and in spite of CSR and governance reforms, there seems to be limited influence from the board of directors and their networks; prompting a call to foster greater board engagement on CSR matters. The results also highlight the need for a multi-dimensional assessment of CSR disclosure.
本文考察了发展中国家(毛里求斯)企业社会责任(CSR)披露的程度和质量的演变和决定因素。设计/方法/方法所有上市公司年报中的csr信息都是手工收集的,为期12年(2007-2018年)。信息披露的程度是用二分法指数(41项)来衡量的,而每个信息披露项目的质量是用3分制来评估的。我们依靠组织合法性和资源依赖理论来研究(1)企业社会责任披露程度和质量的趋势;(2)选定的董事会和企业特征,即董事会成员的业务资格、跨董事的程度和企业使用员工志愿计划,对企业社会责任披露的作用。发现企业社会责任披露程度,尤其是环境和人力资源方面的披露程度,逐步提高到45%的总分。相比之下,披露质量较低,平均得分为20%。企业合格董事比例与企业社会责任披露程度仅成正相关。跨董事程度与企业社会责任披露质量负相关,员工志愿与企业社会责任披露程度和质量正相关。原创性/价值研究结果显示,披露的信息质量相对较低,尽管进行了企业社会责任和治理改革,但董事会及其网络的影响力似乎有限;这促使人们呼吁加强董事会对企业社会责任事务的参与。研究结果还强调了对企业社会责任披露进行多维度评估的必要性。
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引用次数: 9
Corporate governance reforms and risk disclosure quality: evidence from an emerging economy 公司治理改革与风险披露质量:来自新兴经济体的证据
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-11-2021-0378
Ammar Ali Gull, Ammar Abid, K. Hussainey, Tanveer Ahsan, A. Haque
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance (hereafter, CG) reforms on the risk disclosure quality in an emerging economy, namely Pakistan. The authors also investigate the impact of CG reforms on the relationship between CG practices and risk disclosure quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a manual content analysis method to a sample of non-financial companies listed on the PSX-100 index for 2009–2015, to examine the impact of CG reforms on risk disclosure quality. The authors use pooled ordinary least squares and the system GMM estimations to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe authors find that CG reforms have a positive impact on risk disclosure quality. The results indicate that certain CG practices such as CEO duality and board independence are associated with risk disclosure quality. Interestingly, the findings also highlight the effectiveness of CG reforms by showing that the revised code positively moderates the CG practices and risk disclosure relationship.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study have policy implications for regulatory bodies of emerging economies trying to strengthen the CG structures and to introduce risk disclosure regulations to cater the information need of stakeholders.Originality/valueThe authors provide new empirical evidence for the impact of CG reforms on risk disclosure quality using a unique setting of an emerging economy, namely Pakistan.
目的本文的目的是考察公司治理(以下简称CG)改革对新兴经济体巴基斯坦风险披露质量的影响。作者还调查了CG改革对CG实践与风险披露质量之间关系的影响。设计/方法论/方法作者使用手动内容分析方法对2009-2015年PSX-100指数上列出的非金融公司样本进行分析,以检验CG改革对风险披露质量的影响。作者使用集合的普通最小二乘法和系统GMM估计来检验研究假设。研究发现CG改革对风险披露质量有积极影响。研究结果表明,某些CG实践,如CEO双重性和董事会独立性,与风险披露质量有关。有趣的是,研究结果还强调了CG改革的有效性,表明修订后的准则积极调节了CG实践和风险披露关系。实际意义研究结果对新兴经济体的监管机构具有政策意义,这些机构试图加强CG结构,并引入风险披露法规,以满足利益相关者的信息需求。原创性/价值作者利用新兴经济体(即巴基斯坦)的独特背景,为CG改革对风险披露质量的影响提供了新的经验证据。
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引用次数: 10
Working capital management and board diversity towards firm performances in Indonesia's LQ45 营运资本管理和董事会多元化对印尼LQ45公司业绩的影响
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-04-27 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-11-2018-0130
Saarce Elsye Hatane, Jennie Winoto, Josua Tarigan, Ferry Jie

Purpose

This study examines the effect of working capital management and board diversity on firm profitability and firm value for a sample of Indonesian firms listed in the LQ45 index. The interaction of board diversity components with working capital management adds a comprehensive discussion to enhancing working capital management efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

This study engages a panel multiple regression method. Data from a sample of LQ45 companies from 2010 to 2016 are analysed using a fixed and a common effect model. Board diversity is further analysed in interaction variables, whether it holds the moderating role in the relationship of working capital and firm performances. This study operates return on capital employed (ROCE) as the proxy of profitability performance and EVA-Spread for the firm's value performance. The simultaneous effect test is used for the robustness test.

Findings

The results indicate that working capital management and board diversity have no significant impact towards profitability. However, they significantly positively impact firm value, meaning that the market is attracted by effective working capital management and board diversity. However, the interaction variable analysis shows that gender diversity and education level diversity weaken the impact of working capital management towards firm value.

Research limitations/implications

This study is not limited to one industry; therefore, future studies may focus on one industry and detect the pattern of working capital components in the particular industry. This study focuses on quantitative numbers to explain board diversity's interaction in working capital management to maximise shareholders' wealth. Future studies may consider a qualitative discussion to describe the quality of women's presence on the board, education level and educational background of board members.

Originality/value

Unlike most studies in which authors relate working capital and board diversity to firm performances separately, this study combines both components and analyses whether board diversity can act as a moderator effect. As part of corporate governance, it is expected that board diversity can enhance working capital management efficiency.

本研究以LQ45指数中的印尼公司为样本,考察营运资金管理和董事会多样性对公司盈利能力和公司价值的影响。董事会多元化成分与营运资金管理的相互作用为提高营运资金管理效率提供了一个全面的讨论。设计/方法/方法本研究采用面板多元回归方法。本文使用固定效应模型和共同效应模型对LQ45公司2010年至2016年的样本数据进行了分析。在交互变量中进一步分析董事会多样性是否在营运资金与企业绩效的关系中起到调节作用。本研究以已动用资本报酬率(ROCE)作为企业获利表现的代理,以EVA-Spread作为企业价值表现的代理。稳健性检验采用同时效应检验。研究结果表明,营运资金管理和董事会多元化对盈利能力没有显著影响。然而,它们显著正向影响公司价值,这意味着市场被有效的营运资本管理和董事会多样性所吸引。然而,交互变量分析表明,性别多样性和教育水平多样性削弱了营运资金管理对企业价值的影响。研究的局限性/意义本研究并不局限于一个行业;因此,未来的研究可能会集中在一个行业,并检测特定行业的营运资金构成模式。本研究侧重于定量数字来解释董事会多样性在营运资本管理中的相互作用,以最大化股东财富。未来的研究可能会考虑进行定性讨论,以描述董事会中女性的存在质量、董事会成员的教育水平和教育背景。原创性/价值与大多数作者将营运资金和董事会多样性与公司绩效单独联系起来的研究不同,本研究结合了这两个组成部分,并分析了董事会多样性是否可以起到调节作用。董事会多元化作为公司治理的一部分,有望提高营运资金管理效率。
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引用次数: 0
Board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility in an international setting 董事会在国际环境中的性别多样性和企业社会责任
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-05-2021-0140
M. Kamran, H. Djajadikerta, Saiyidi Mat Roni, Erwei Xiang, Pakeeza Butt
PurposeThis study examines how board gender diversity (BGD) interacts with the “tough vs tender” trait in country cultures in influencing firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approachAn extensive set of environmental, social and governance (ESG) data of 5,748 firms from 70 countries were collected from Bloomberg terminal, and national-level data on “tough vs tender” societies were collected from the official website of Hofstede. The data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) and bootstrapping estimation techniques.FindingsThe findings show that BGD increases the extent of firms' CSR, with a more pronounced relationship in the tender than in the tough societies. Results are consistent in traditional (p-value based HMR) and robust (confidence intervals reliant bootstrapping) estimation techniques.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence on tough vs tender societies' moderating role in the relationship between BGD and CSR from a rounded international setting. It also raises interesting insights about the dynamics in boards' responses to institutional forces as an avenue for future research.
目的本研究考察了董事会性别多样性(BGD)在影响企业社会责任(CSR)方面如何与国家文化中的“强硬与温柔”特征相互作用。设计/方法/方法从彭博终端收集了来自70个国家的5748家企业的广泛环境、社会和治理(ESG)数据,从霍夫斯泰德的官方网站上收集了关于“强硬与温和”社会的国家级数据。使用层次多元回归(HMR)和自举估计技术对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,BGD增加了企业的社会责任程度,在投标中的关系比在艰难的社会中更为明显。传统(基于p值的HMR)和稳健(依赖于置信区间的自举)估计技术的结果是一致的。原创性/价值本研究从全面的国际环境中提供了关于强硬社会与温和社会在BGD和CSR之间关系中的调节作用的经验证据。它还提出了关于董事会对制度力量反应的动态的有趣见解,作为未来研究的途径。
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引用次数: 2
Auditors' perspectives on financial fraud in Pakistan – audacity and the need for legitimacy 审计员对巴基斯坦金融欺诈的看法——大胆和合法性的需要
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-04-2021-0135
M. Rashid, N. Khan, Umair Riaz, Bruce Burton
PurposeFinancial shenanigans are the omissions or actions undertaken with the purpose of misrepresenting an organisation's financial statements. Many examples now exist of such behaviour emerging in the context of a desire to deceive the users of financial reports. In this context, research has illustrated how investors can find themselves impacted by such behaviour, with incorrect decision-making around investment decisions being a major issue. However, auditors' perspectives, of obvious importance in such scenarios, given these individuals' role in attesting to the veracity of financial disclosures, have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to address this gap by seeking the experiences of auditors in the developing nation of Pakistan, an environment in which the significant impact of financial improprieties is well-documented.Design/methodology/approachInterviews with 50 Pakistani-based auditors were conducted to gather perceptions about the nature and prevalence of financial shenanigans. The questions posed were structured to address issues relating to both the drivers of and methods used to operationalise financial malfeasance.FindingsThe views expressed by the participants suggest that this type of malpractice is common, with a variety of forms employed and a level of audacity and shamelessness is striking. The results indicate the absence of the three institutional pillars conventionally associated with motivating organisational attempts to legitimise behaviour and maintain social contracts. When considered alongside recent findings that the audit profession in Pakistan may not always play an effective monitoring role, we argue that the evidence suggests the existence of motivations for legitimising strategies are not yet fully understood.Research limitations/implicationsThis contention helps address recent calls for investigation of issues around legitimising tendencies where theoretical understanding is incomplete. A full understanding of the embedded practices will provide capital providers with the opportunity to make more informed decisions regarding their investments in Pakistani firms by highlighting the financial shenanigans involved, including the sheer audacity apparently associated with the observed behaviour.Originality/valueEarnings management and auditing have not been studied widely in Pakistan despite the abundant and persistent nature of corporate scandals across the nation for many decades. Whilst implementation (and enforcement) of some accounting and auditing standards have taken place recently, the financial collapses continue, and understanding regarding the on-going fraud is urgently needed. The extent and shameless nature of the perceived behaviour are striking, suggesting that those closest to financial reporting in Pakistan see fraudulent financial reporting as being close to, if not yet fully representative of, normal practice.
财务欺诈是为了歪曲组织的财务报表而采取的遗漏或行动。现在存在许多这种行为的例子,是在希望欺骗财务报告使用者的情况下出现的。在这种背景下,研究已经说明了投资者如何发现自己受到这种行为的影响,围绕投资决策的错误决策是一个主要问题。然而,考虑到这些人在证明财务披露的真实性方面的作用,审计人员的观点在这种情况下显然很重要,但尚未得到调查。本研究的目的是通过寻求发展中国家巴基斯坦审计员的经验来解决这一差距,在这种环境中,财务不当行为的重大影响是有目共知的。设计/方法/方法对50名驻巴基斯坦审计员进行了访谈,以收集对财务欺诈的性质和普遍程度的看法。所提出的问题旨在解决与财务渎职行为的驱动因素和操作方法有关的问题。调查结果与会者的意见表明,这种渎职行为很常见,形式多样,无耻程度惊人。研究结果表明,传统上与激励组织努力使行为合法化和维持社会契约相关的三大制度支柱缺失。考虑到最近发现巴基斯坦的审计行业可能并不总是发挥有效的监督作用,我们认为,证据表明存在使战略合法化的动机尚未完全理解。研究局限/意义这一争论有助于解决最近关于理论理解不完整的合法化倾向问题的调查呼吁。充分了解这些隐含的做法,将为资本提供者提供机会,通过突出所涉及的金融骗局,包括与所观察到的行为明显相关的大胆行为,对他们在巴基斯坦公司的投资做出更明智的决策。尽管几十年来,巴基斯坦的企业丑闻层出不穷,而且持续不断,但盈余管理和审计在巴基斯坦并没有得到广泛的研究。虽然一些会计和审计准则的实施(和强制执行)最近已经开始,但金融崩溃仍在继续,迫切需要了解正在发生的欺诈行为。这种被认为的行为的程度和无耻性质令人震惊,这表明,在巴基斯坦,那些最接近财务报告的人认为,欺诈性财务报告即使还不能完全代表正常做法,也接近于正常做法。
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引用次数: 4
IFRS and FPI nexus: does the quality of the institutional framework matter for African countries? 《国际财务报告准则》和FPI的关系:体制框架的质量对非洲国家重要吗?
IF 2.3 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1108/jaee-10-2021-0319
Chipo Simbi, Jacqueline A. Arendse, S. Khumalo
PurposeThe institutional framework of an African country may influence the effectiveness of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on foreign investment inflows. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the quality of a country's institutional framework impacts the effectiveness of IFRS to an adopting country and ultimately influences the levels of Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI).Design/methodology/approachEmploying country-level data. A sample of 15 countries from Africa is used. Data is collected over a period of 22 years (1994–2014). The authors employ the General Method of Moments (GMM) panel regression technique to examine whether the quality of a country's institutional framework has an impact on the relationship between IFRS and FPI and the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique to assess the level of impact.FindingsThe findings reveal that the quality of a country's institutional framework moderates the strength of the association between IFRS and FPI. Overall, the authors find that the quality of the institutional frameworks in African countries has a negative effect on the IFRS and FPI nexus.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses exclusively on African countries; using an exclusively African sample limits the generalisation of results to other continents like Latin America with similar environments to Africa.Practical implicationsThis study provide evidence that IFRS alone cannot ensure the intended capital market benefits but encourages the development of strong institutions in African countries to realise the most from IFRS adoption. The emphasis on institutional development is an essential contribution that this study makes.Originality/valueThis study is unique since it emphasises the importance of institutional framework quality when considering the impact of IFRS on foreign investment inflows in an African setting.
目的非洲国家的制度框架可能会影响国际财务报告准则(IFRS)对外国投资流入的有效性。本文的目的是论证一个国家制度框架的质量会影响国际财务报告准则对采用国的有效性,并最终影响外国证券投资(FPI)的水平。设计/方法/方法采用国家级数据。样本来自非洲的15个国家。数据收集时间为22年(1994-2014)。作者采用一般矩量法(GMM)面板回归技术来检验一个国家制度框架的质量是否对IFRS和FPI之间的关系产生影响,并使用倾向得分匹配(PSM)技术来评估影响程度。研究结果表明,一个国家的制度框架的质量调节了IFRS和FPI之间的关联强度。总体而言,作者发现非洲国家制度框架的质量对IFRS和FPI之间的关系有负面影响。研究局限/影响本研究只关注非洲国家;仅使用非洲样本限制了将结果推广到与非洲环境相似的其他大陆,如拉丁美洲。实际意义本研究提供的证据表明,国际财务报告准则本身不能确保预期的资本市场收益,但鼓励非洲国家发展强大的制度,以从采用国际财务报告准则中实现最大收益。强调制度发展是本研究的重要贡献。原创性/价值本研究的独特之处在于,在考虑国际财务报告准则对非洲环境下外国投资流入的影响时,它强调了制度框架质量的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies
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