Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1334240
Putta Bore GOWDA B, R. Chandrashekar, M. Kumar S
In spite of the surge in solar and wind energy in the recent years, the IC engines, particularly the diesel engines may be expected to stay on for the next 30 years at least. In this context, it is imperative to find alternative fuel sources for petro diesel, at least in part. Inedible oil based biodiesels are one good option for India. There is a slight decrease in performance of a diesel engine when run with biodiesel blends. It is also feared by some that pollution from exhaust gas by using biodiesel blends may be higher. This paper summarizes the results of experiments carried out on biodiesel blends with diesel to determine the amounts and particle sizes of carbon particulate matter emissions in engine exhaust. Blends of two esterified oils, viz., Honge (Pongamia Pinnata) and Jatropha, with petro diesel were used to operate a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Blend ratios used were 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The carbon particles in exhaust were collected on an INDICA filter paper for 5 minutes. The carbon content was ascertained by the standard procedure, and the size of particles was found by microscopic examination. Further ANOVA of the data was car-ried out separately for the Honge and Jatropha blends. The results from the experiments are clear and interesting. Both Honge and Jatropha blends increase the amount of carbon particulates in engine exhaust when compared with diesel. Car-bon particulates increase with increase in load on the engine. Increase of blend ratio generally increases the carbon in exhaust in case of Jatropha blends. The behaviour with Honge blends is different. While blend H5 has highest carbon in exhaust at low loads, at high loads, H10 has the maximum carbon in exhaust. Blending with Honge or Jatropha biodiesel increases the carbon particle size in exhaust. While the size of carbon particles with diesel is < 20 µm, it is > 20 µm with all blends, increasing with load or blend ratio. In all cases, lower loads result in finer carbon particles in exhaust. The study helps in concluding that both Honge and Jatropha blends could be used in diesel en-gines, Honge being superior. Though the PM level in the exhaust will be higher with blending, the particle sizes will be much larger and hence causing less health hazard. Further, idling (no load), or low loads should be avoided since these result in smaller carbon particles.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of carbon particle emissions from exhaust of an IC engine using HSD and blends of HSD and Honge/Jatropha biodiesel","authors":"Putta Bore GOWDA B, R. Chandrashekar, M. Kumar S","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1334240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1334240","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the surge in solar and wind energy in the recent years, the IC engines, particularly the diesel engines may be expected to stay on for the next 30 years at least. In this context, it is imperative to find alternative fuel sources for petro diesel, at least in part. Inedible oil based biodiesels are one good option for India. There is a slight decrease in performance of a diesel engine when run with biodiesel blends. It is also feared by some that pollution from exhaust gas by using biodiesel blends may be higher. \u0000This paper summarizes the results of experiments carried out on biodiesel blends with diesel to determine the amounts and particle sizes of carbon particulate matter emissions in engine exhaust. Blends of two esterified oils, viz., Honge (Pongamia Pinnata) and Jatropha, with petro diesel were used to operate a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Blend ratios used were 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The carbon particles in exhaust were collected on an INDICA filter paper for 5 minutes. The carbon content was ascertained by the standard procedure, and the size of particles was found by microscopic examination. Further ANOVA of the data was car-ried out separately for the Honge and Jatropha blends. \u0000The results from the experiments are clear and interesting. Both Honge and Jatropha blends increase the amount of carbon particulates in engine exhaust when compared with diesel. Car-bon particulates increase with increase in load on the engine. Increase of blend ratio generally increases the carbon in exhaust in case of Jatropha blends. The behaviour with Honge blends is different. While blend H5 has highest carbon in exhaust at low loads, at high loads, H10 has the maximum carbon in exhaust. \u0000Blending with Honge or Jatropha biodiesel increases the carbon particle size in exhaust. While the size of carbon particles with diesel is < 20 µm, it is > 20 µm with all blends, increasing with load or blend ratio. In all cases, lower loads result in finer carbon particles in exhaust. \u0000The study helps in concluding that both Honge and Jatropha blends could be used in diesel en-gines, Honge being superior. Though the PM level in the exhaust will be higher with blending, the particle sizes will be much larger and hence causing less health hazard. Further, idling (no load), or low loads should be avoided since these result in smaller carbon particles.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44966335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1201859
S. Sarala, E. Geetha, M. Nirmala
The effects of convective heat generation and the oscillatory motion of a plate in the presence of MHD, Alumina nanofluid flow, thermal radiation, and Hall current are considered. The plate oscillates harmonically in its axes with uniform temperature. The dimensional equations have to be changed into non-dimensional equations with a set of dimensionless parameters. The Laplace transformation technique is utilized to get an exact solution. The possessions of velocity and temperature are analyzed with several parameters like Prandtl number (Pr), Grashof number (Gr), Hall parameter (m), magnetic parameter (M), radiation (R), solid volume fraction(ᵠ), phase angle(ω).The influence of primary and secondary velocity is discussed by the graph. It is observed that the increment of Hall parameter (m) diminishes the primary velocity, an increment of Grashof number leads to an increase in both velocities, and increasing solid volume fraction raises the temperature. The Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient values have expressed in the table. It is apparent that an increment of radiation increased the value of the Nusselt number and also an increment of phase angle value diminished the skin friction coefficient value.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of heat transfer & hall effects on MHD nanofluid flow past over an oscillating plate with radiation","authors":"S. Sarala, E. Geetha, M. Nirmala","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1201859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1201859","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of convective heat generation and the oscillatory motion of a plate in the presence of MHD, Alumina nanofluid flow, thermal radiation, and Hall current are considered. The plate oscillates harmonically in its axes with uniform temperature. The dimensional equations have to be changed into non-dimensional equations with a set of dimensionless parameters. The Laplace transformation technique is utilized to get an exact solution. The possessions of velocity and temperature are analyzed with several parameters like Prandtl number (Pr), Grashof number (Gr), Hall parameter (m), magnetic parameter (M), radiation (R), solid volume fraction(ᵠ), phase angle(ω).The influence of primary and secondary velocity is discussed by the graph. It is observed that the increment of Hall parameter (m) diminishes the primary velocity, an increment of Grashof number leads to an increase in both velocities, and increasing solid volume fraction raises the temperature. The Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient values have expressed in the table. It is apparent that an increment of radiation increased the value of the Nusselt number and also an increment of phase angle value diminished the skin friction coefficient value.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1198852
H. A. Ajimotokan, Isiaka Ayuba, H. K. Ibrahim
The trilateral cycle (TLC), a promising alternative waste heat recovery-to-power cycle, is receiving increasing attention due to feats such as the high thermal match between the exergy of the heat source temperature profiles and its working fluid. Although the TLC has neither been broadly applied nor commercialised because of its thermo-economic feasibility considerations. This study examined the thermo-economic analysis of different TLC power generator configurations; i.e., the saturated subcritical simple (non-recuperative) and recuperative cycles using n-pentane as the working fluid for low-grade waste heat recovery-to-power generation. Based on the thermodynamic and economic analyses, the feasibility analysis models of the cycles were established using Aspen Plus, considering efficiency, cost, and expected operating and capacity factors. Furthermore, the capacity factor, specific investment cost (SIC), and payback period (PBP), among other, were used to evaluate the cycle design configurations and sizes. The SICs of the simple and recuperative TLCs were 3,683.88 $/kW and 4,220.41 $/kW, and their PBPs were 8.43 years and 8.55 years, respectively. The simple TLC had a lower investment ratio of 0.24 compared to an investment ratio of 0.28 for the recuperative TLC. These economic values suggest that the simple TLC is more cost-effective when compared with the recuperative TLC because the recuperation process does not recompense the associated cost, making it unattractive.
{"title":"Thermo-economic feasibility analysis of trilateral-cycle power generators for waste heat recovery-to-power applications","authors":"H. A. Ajimotokan, Isiaka Ayuba, H. K. Ibrahim","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1198852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1198852","url":null,"abstract":"The trilateral cycle (TLC), a promising alternative waste heat recovery-to-power cycle, is receiving increasing attention due to feats such as the high thermal match between the exergy of the heat source temperature profiles and its working fluid. Although the TLC has neither been broadly applied nor commercialised because of its thermo-economic feasibility considerations. This study examined the thermo-economic analysis of different TLC power generator configurations; i.e., the saturated subcritical simple (non-recuperative) and recuperative cycles using n-pentane as the working fluid for low-grade waste heat recovery-to-power generation. Based on the thermodynamic and economic analyses, the feasibility analysis models of the cycles were established using Aspen Plus, considering efficiency, cost, and expected operating and capacity factors. Furthermore, the capacity factor, specific investment cost (SIC), and payback period (PBP), among other, were used to evaluate the cycle design configurations and sizes. The SICs of the simple and recuperative TLCs were 3,683.88 $/kW and 4,220.41 $/kW, and their PBPs were 8.43 years and 8.55 years, respectively. The simple TLC had a lower investment ratio of 0.24 compared to an investment ratio of 0.28 for the recuperative TLC. These economic values suggest that the simple TLC is more cost-effective when compared with the recuperative TLC because the recuperation process does not recompense the associated cost, making it unattractive.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47714656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1197609
P. Deshmukh, S. Kasar, N. Sapkal
The present investigations put forth the development of a novel double wall vented rotary fluid heating device. In this device, water is used as a process fluid and is heated by the combustion of sugarcane bagasse. The proposed combustion method is found to provide the use of a more systematic fuel transport system and ensure the efficient heat transfer process to the fluid. It is observed to offer many advantages over the conventional furnaces and obviates the use of any mechanized system such as traveling grate, fluidized bed system, dumping grate, etc. in conventional systems. Also, the heat liberated in combustion is used effectively for heating fluid through a helical coiled tube mounted over the surface of the drum. The present study aims to assess the thermal performance of the proposed rotary combustion chamber at different experimental parameters. It was concluded to have a maximum temperature rise, and the thermal efficiency of this system at 45.3C and 45.2% when drum speed is 6 RPM at Reynolds number equal to 1176.
{"title":"Experimental study of heat transfer in a helical coiled tube biomass fired rotary device","authors":"P. Deshmukh, S. Kasar, N. Sapkal","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1197609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1197609","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigations put forth the development of a novel double wall vented rotary fluid heating device. In this device, water is used as a process fluid and is heated by the combustion of sugarcane bagasse. The proposed combustion method is found to provide the use of a more systematic fuel transport system and ensure the efficient heat transfer process to the fluid. It is observed to offer many advantages over the conventional furnaces and obviates the use of any mechanized system such as traveling grate, fluidized bed system, dumping grate, etc. in conventional systems. Also, the heat liberated in combustion is used effectively for heating fluid through a helical coiled tube mounted over the surface of the drum. The present study aims to assess the thermal performance of the proposed rotary combustion chamber at different experimental parameters. It was concluded to have a maximum temperature rise, and the thermal efficiency of this system at 45.3C and 45.2% when drum speed is 6 RPM at Reynolds number equal to 1176.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44454551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1196900
Ibrahim Ozsari, Y. Ust
Oxy-combustion technologies are clean energy systems with zero emission; they have great potential when considering global warming and climate change. This study presents a detailed thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy, environment, and economy. Consequently, the results obtained for an oxy-combustion power system are presented in comparison with a conventional gas turbine power system. The results are presented as a function of the pressure ratio with regard to net power, input heat, system efficiency, sp ecific fue l consumption, equivalence ratio, fuel-air ratio, capital investment cost, fuel cost, oxygen cost, total cost, electricity revenue, and net profit. In addition, the study calculates the pollutant emissions from non-oxy-combustion systems and investigates the environmental costs. The pressure ratio for maximum net power has been obtained as 20.8 in the conventional gas turbine power system. Similarly, the pressure ratios for maximum net power in oxy-combustion power cycles with 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios are 23.3, 27.4 and 29.7, respectively. Results from 24% to 30% have been displayed to observe the effect of reactant oxygen in the oxy-combustion power cycles. The optimum c ycle c onditions have been determined by calculating the costs of system components, total revenues, and net profits at pressure ratios of 10, 20, 30 and 40. Finally, the results reveal the pressure ratio should be reduced to minimize the total costs per cycle. For maximum net profit, the pressure ratio in a conventional gas turbine power cycle has been calculated as 15.9; similarly, the pressure ratios in oxy-combustion power cycles with 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios have been respectively calculated as 12.8, 15.2 and 16.4.
{"title":"Energy, economic and environmental analysis and comparison of the novel Oxy- combustion power systems","authors":"Ibrahim Ozsari, Y. Ust","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1196900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1196900","url":null,"abstract":"Oxy-combustion technologies are clean energy systems with zero emission; they have great potential when considering global warming and climate change. This study presents a detailed thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy, environment, and economy. Consequently, the results obtained for an oxy-combustion power system are presented in comparison with a conventional gas turbine power system. The results are presented as a function of the pressure ratio with regard to net power, input heat, system efficiency, sp ecific fue l consumption, equivalence ratio, fuel-air ratio, capital investment cost, fuel cost, oxygen cost, total cost, electricity revenue, and net profit. In addition, the study calculates the pollutant emissions from non-oxy-combustion systems and investigates the environmental costs. The pressure ratio for maximum net power has been obtained as 20.8 in the conventional gas turbine power system. Similarly, the pressure ratios for maximum net power in oxy-combustion power cycles with 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios are 23.3, 27.4 and 29.7, respectively. Results from 24% to 30% have been displayed to observe the effect of reactant oxygen in the oxy-combustion power cycles. The optimum c ycle c onditions have been determined by calculating the costs of system components, total revenues, and net profits at pressure ratios of 10, 20, 30 and 40. Finally, the results reveal the pressure ratio should be reduced to minimize the total costs per cycle. For maximum net profit, the pressure ratio in a conventional gas turbine power cycle has been calculated as 15.9; similarly, the pressure ratios in oxy-combustion power cycles with 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios have been respectively calculated as 12.8, 15.2 and 16.4.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thrust in biofuel production has pushed researchers in finding more of environmentally friendly materials for use as catalyst in the biofuel production process. Commercially available catalyst materials are not sustainable, and they generally incur higher cost of operation. In the present study, locally available native woods species of Manipur, India namely, Yenthou (Arundo donax.L) and Uningthou (Phoebe hainesiana) were exposed at elevated temperature of 400°C and variable exposure time of 90 and 120 minutes for possible use as catalyst during biofuel production. Muffle furnace has been employed for production of catalyst and characterization techniques such as XRD, FT-IR and SEM with EDX are used. XRD analysis shows diffraction peak corresponding to (0 0 2), (1 0 0) and (1 0 1) of the face centered cubic phase at 28.61°, 28.54° and 30.02° respectively while Scherrer equation shows 29.737 nm as average grain size. FT-IR analysis also shows C=C formation from the samples. The SEM & EDX analysis shows good formation of carbon in the catalyst and the weight % of the components are obtained to be 89.18% and 10.82% for C and O respectively. Transesterification of waste cooking oil at 5% (wt%), 10:1, 75°C and 60 minutes for catalyst loading rate, alcohol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time respectively shows conversion rate of 87.4±1.3% with reusability of 3 times.
{"title":"Feasibility study of synthesized carbon as catalyst in biodiesel production","authors":"Tourangbam RAHUL SINGH, Thokchom Subhaschandra Singh, Tikendra Nath Verma, Prerana Nashine, U. Rajak","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1197303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1197303","url":null,"abstract":"The thrust in biofuel production has pushed researchers in finding more of environmentally friendly materials for use as catalyst in the biofuel production process. Commercially available catalyst materials are not sustainable, and they generally incur higher cost of operation. In the present study, locally available native woods species of Manipur, India namely, Yenthou (Arundo donax.L) and Uningthou (Phoebe hainesiana) were exposed at elevated temperature of 400°C and variable exposure time of 90 and 120 minutes for possible use as catalyst during biofuel production. Muffle furnace has been employed for production of catalyst and characterization techniques such as XRD, FT-IR and SEM with EDX are used. XRD analysis shows diffraction peak corresponding to (0 0 2), (1 0 0) and (1 0 1) of the face centered cubic phase at 28.61°, 28.54° and 30.02° respectively while Scherrer equation shows 29.737 nm as average grain size. FT-IR analysis also shows C=C formation from the samples. The SEM & EDX analysis shows good formation of carbon in the catalyst and the weight % of the components are obtained to be 89.18% and 10.82% for C and O respectively. Transesterification of waste cooking oil at 5% (wt%), 10:1, 75°C and 60 minutes for catalyst loading rate, alcohol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time respectively shows conversion rate of 87.4±1.3% with reusability of 3 times.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1197106
Kafel Azeez, A. R. Abu Talib, Riyadh IBRAHEEM AHMED3
The present work carries out a three-dimensional numerical analysis study of Aluminium Nitride (AlN)-water hybrid nanofluid enhanced heat transfer in laminar forced convection flow heat exchanger with four different channels, flat, backward facing step, triangle and trapezoidal facing step channels. The influence of different Reynolds number (100≤ Re ≤1500) and different solid nanoparticles volume fraction (1% and 4%) on the heat transfer and fluid flow were numerically investigated. The numerical analysis was carried out by using a laminar model of ANSYS-Fluent CFD code and the governing equations were resolved using the finite volume method. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids increases with the increase values of both the nanoparticles volume fractions and Reynolds number, compared with base fluids. Likewise, the pressure drop showed slightly increased due to the increased of both parameters. The use of high nanoparticles volume fractions (4% volume) nanofluid corresponded with the use of four different channel designs resulted in heat transfer augmentation about 30% when compared to that pure water for the trapezoidal channel.
{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement for corrugated facing step channels using aluminium nitride nanofluid - numerical investigation","authors":"Kafel Azeez, A. R. Abu Talib, Riyadh IBRAHEEM AHMED3","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1197106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1197106","url":null,"abstract":"The present work carries out a three-dimensional numerical analysis study of Aluminium Nitride (AlN)-water hybrid nanofluid enhanced heat transfer in laminar forced convection flow heat exchanger with four different channels, flat, backward facing step, triangle and trapezoidal facing step channels. The influence of different Reynolds number (100≤ Re ≤1500) and different solid nanoparticles volume fraction (1% and 4%) on the heat transfer and fluid flow were numerically investigated. The numerical analysis was carried out by using a laminar model of ANSYS-Fluent CFD code and the governing equations were resolved using the finite volume method. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids increases with the increase values of both the nanoparticles volume fractions and Reynolds number, compared with base fluids. Likewise, the pressure drop showed slightly increased due to the increased of both parameters. The use of high nanoparticles volume fractions (4% volume) nanofluid corresponded with the use of four different channel designs resulted in heat transfer augmentation about 30% when compared to that pure water for the trapezoidal channel.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1197152
T. Jabbar, R. S. Batbooti, Bassam A. Mohammed
Modern engineering challenges require the world to use renewable and environmentally friendly energy. One of the most important forms of renewable energy is solar energy. The parabolic collector is a popular collector used to absorb solar energy. In this study, a new approach is used to calculate the radiation concentration ratio in a parabolic collector. The concentration ratio is calculated from the ratio of the reflection beam to the incident beam radiation, and it depends on two main variables: the collector width (W) and the focal length (P). The model is tested and compared to results from previously published work. The comparison showed that the model results can be relied upon for accuracy and are compatible with published results. The results indicate that increasing the width of the collector (W) leads to an increase in the concentration ratio (RC), while the contrary is true when the focal length (P) increased. The collector efficiency minimum values were 19.3%, 21.07 %, 22.35% and 23.33% at concentration ratios of 69, 80, 103 and 148 in line with the focus length values of 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m and 0.9m, respectively. The developed model is applied according to the conditions of Basra, Iraq (47.78o longitude and 30.5o latitude).
{"title":"Modeling of parabolic collector (a new approach of concentration ratio calculation)","authors":"T. Jabbar, R. S. Batbooti, Bassam A. Mohammed","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1197152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1197152","url":null,"abstract":"Modern engineering challenges require the world to use renewable and environmentally friendly energy. One of the most important forms of renewable energy is solar energy. The parabolic collector is a popular collector used to absorb solar energy. In this study, a new approach is used to calculate the radiation concentration ratio in a parabolic collector. The concentration ratio is calculated from the ratio of the reflection beam to the incident beam radiation, and it depends on two main variables: the collector width (W) and the focal length (P). The model is tested and compared to results from previously published work. The comparison showed that the model results can be relied upon for accuracy and are compatible with published results. The results indicate that increasing the width of the collector (W) leads to an increase in the concentration ratio (RC), while the contrary is true when the focal length (P) increased. The collector efficiency minimum values were 19.3%, 21.07 %, 22.35% and 23.33% at concentration ratios of 69, 80, 103 and 148 in line with the focus length values of 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m and 0.9m, respectively. The developed model is applied according to the conditions of Basra, Iraq (47.78o longitude and 30.5o latitude).","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49190685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1195570
Pritam Bhat, A. Iyengar, A. N, Pavan KUMAR REDDY
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert an average of 10 to 15% of the incident solar radiation into electricity and remaining energy is wasted as unused heat energy. The p erformance of solar PV is largely dependent on its operating temperature, which is again dependent on solar irradiation. The efficiency of solar PV reduces the higher PV temperature due to charge carrier recombination. The solar PV efficiency drops considerably wit h increasing temperature. Dust deposition on the surface of solar PV cells reduce incident energy and no technology is commercially available to mitigate the problem. The objective of the present work is to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of solar PV by adopting Front Water (FW) cooling technique. The FW cooling technique maintains the cell temperature at Standard Test Conditions (STC) irrespective of ambient air conditions and also washes away dust deposits, thereby providing maximum energy conversion efficiency specified by the cell manufacturer during the operation with increased lifecycle of solar cells. The experiment was carried out on a 100 W solar panel for a period of 2 weeks and data acquisition system with Arduino controller was used to analyze and maintain STC of the panel to obtain maximum power. The mathematical model of the system was analyzed and obtained results were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The solar PV panel with FW cooling yielded an efficiency improvement of 9% with 17 W of increased power output at Maximum Power Point (MPP). MATLAB Simulink software is used to model t he FW cooling technique. The model is able to predict the power generated by the solar PV cells for the given irradiance with and without cooling. The developed model can now be utilized to design cooling systems for larger installation of solar PV systems.
{"title":"Experimental investigation and validation of solar PV cooling for enhanced energy conversion efficiency for Indian climatic conditions","authors":"Pritam Bhat, A. Iyengar, A. N, Pavan KUMAR REDDY","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1195570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1195570","url":null,"abstract":"Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert an average of 10 to 15% of the incident solar radiation into electricity and remaining energy is wasted as unused heat energy. The p erformance of solar PV is largely dependent on its operating temperature, which is again dependent on solar irradiation. The efficiency of solar PV reduces the higher PV temperature due to charge carrier recombination. The solar PV efficiency drops considerably wit h increasing temperature. Dust deposition on the surface of solar PV cells reduce incident energy and no technology is commercially available to mitigate the problem. The objective of the present work is to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of solar PV by adopting Front Water (FW) cooling technique. The FW cooling technique maintains the cell temperature at Standard Test Conditions (STC) irrespective of ambient air conditions and also washes away dust deposits, thereby providing maximum energy conversion efficiency specified by the cell manufacturer during the operation with increased lifecycle of solar cells. The experiment was carried out on a 100 W solar panel for a period of 2 weeks and data acquisition system with Arduino controller was used to analyze and maintain STC of the panel to obtain maximum power. The mathematical model of the system was analyzed and obtained results were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The solar PV panel with FW cooling yielded an efficiency improvement of 9% with 17 W of increased power output at Maximum Power Point (MPP). MATLAB Simulink software is used to model t he FW cooling technique. The model is able to predict the power generated by the solar PV cells for the given irradiance with and without cooling. The developed model can now be utilized to design cooling systems for larger installation of solar PV systems.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1194805
R. P. Bharathwaj, M. B. Varun Pradeep, P. Padmanathan, A. Satheesh, N. R. Devi
Nanoparticles have proven to be effective in sensible and latent heat exchanges alike. Applications of nanoparticles in phase change processes are associated with migration and resuspension of nanoparticles upon which our existing knowledge is very limited. This work experimentally investigates the migration ratio, stability and resuspension of nanoparticles during phase change. Knowledge on migration ratio is essential to gauge the thermal and lubricative enhancements in the subsequent processes. Al2O3/Water & CuO/Water nanofluids were prepared in four mass fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) using ultrasonic agitation technique. Nanofluids with mass fraction higher than 0.5% displayed poor stability over time also, agglomeration and sedimentation were pronounced and inevitable. Nanofluid destabilises and agglomerates rapidly at temperatures closer to saturation temperature. Resuspension of agglomerated chunks were observed during nucleate boiling where the test fluid became extremely nonhomogeneous. Migration ratio was found to commensurate with volume fraction where CuO/water nanofluid exhibited 23% lesser migration ratio than Al2O3/water nanofluid. Maximum migration ratio of 17.8% was observed for Al2O3/water with 0.05 wt%. Maximum migration was found when the molecular dimensions of nanoparticles and the base fluid are of similar magnitudes. It is inadvisable to involve nanoparticles in phase change systems.
{"title":"An experimental study on resuspension, thermostability and migration phenomenon of nanoparticles in pool boiling","authors":"R. P. Bharathwaj, M. B. Varun Pradeep, P. Padmanathan, A. Satheesh, N. R. Devi","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1194805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1194805","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have proven to be effective in sensible and latent heat exchanges alike. Applications of nanoparticles in phase change processes are associated with migration and resuspension of nanoparticles upon which our existing knowledge is very limited. This work experimentally investigates the migration ratio, stability and resuspension of nanoparticles during phase change. Knowledge on migration ratio is essential to gauge the thermal and lubricative enhancements in the subsequent processes. Al2O3/Water & CuO/Water nanofluids were prepared in four mass fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) using ultrasonic agitation technique. Nanofluids with mass fraction higher than 0.5% displayed poor stability over time also, agglomeration and sedimentation were pronounced and inevitable. Nanofluid destabilises and agglomerates rapidly at temperatures closer to saturation temperature. Resuspension of agglomerated chunks were observed during nucleate boiling where the test fluid became extremely nonhomogeneous. Migration ratio was found to commensurate with volume fraction where CuO/water nanofluid exhibited 23% lesser migration ratio than Al2O3/water nanofluid. Maximum migration ratio of 17.8% was observed for Al2O3/water with 0.05 wt%. Maximum migration was found when the molecular dimensions of nanoparticles and the base fluid are of similar magnitudes. It is inadvisable to involve nanoparticles in phase change systems.","PeriodicalId":45841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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