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Investigating inclusive practice in international schooling: a case study of two schools 国际学校教育中的包容性实践研究——以两所学校为例
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211059274
Hendra Y. Agustian
Although the underlying principles and the founding history of international schools supposedly advocate the notions of providing equal opportunities, catering for diversity, and promoting global citizenship, the dimensions of inclusive education might not be self-evident. Findings from this qualitative case study show that the understanding of inclusion in the context of international schools goes beyond disabilities and special education needs. Several approaches to evolving inclusive practice are highlighted. However, there are tensions between different stakeholders of international schools in defining inclusion; between the rhetoric of inclusion found in school documents and the reality, and between the original philosophy of international education and schools’ admission policies.
尽管国际学校的基本原则和创办历史据称倡导提供平等机会、照顾多样性和促进全球公民身份的概念,但包容性教育的层面可能并非不言自明。这项定性案例研究的结果表明,在国际学校的背景下,对包容性的理解超越了残疾和特殊教育需求。强调了发展包容性做法的几种方法。然而,国际学校的不同利益攸关方在定义包容性方面存在紧张关系;在学校文件中的包容性言论与现实之间,在国际教育的原始哲学与学校录取政策之间。
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引用次数: 1
Being and becoming internationally minded: Snapshots of novice Canadian teachers in international schools 国际思维的形成与发展:加拿大国际学校新教师的快照
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211060137
James S. Budrow
This paper examines the experiences of three Canadian teachers beginning their formal careers in international schools. International mindedness is taken up as a sensitivity that international schoolteachers both bring to their international teaching assignments and further develop in the transnational spaces of international schools. As such, the internationally minded teacher is able to respond and learn from the intercultural complexities of teaching and living overseas. Findings suggest some elements of international mindedness are more readily appreciated and practiced by these novice teachers while others require greater awareness and effort to attain. The findings also suggest that ‘cosmopolitan learning’ (Rizvi, 2009), foregrounding the importance of critically reflecting upon one’s ‘locatedness’ in the world, represents a generative orientation for teachers wanting to deepen their international mindedness.
本文考察了三位加拿大教师在国际学校开始正式职业生涯的经历。国际意识被视为国际学校教师在国际教学任务中的一种敏感性,并在国际学校的跨国空间中得到进一步发展。因此,具有国际视野的教师能够从海外教学和生活的跨文化复杂性中做出反应并从中学习。研究结果表明,这些新手教师更容易理解和实践国际意识的一些要素,而其他要素则需要更大的意识和努力才能实现。研究结果还表明,“世界性学习”(Rizvi,2009)强调了批判性反思自己在世界上的“位置”的重要性,代表了教师想要深化国际意识的一种生成取向。
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引用次数: 2
Educational Leadership and the Impact of Societal Culture on Effective Practices 教育领导和社会文化对有效实践的影响
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211032531
D. Fisher
Research into what is effective leadership in different cultures provides guidance for leaders moving from one culture to another (House et al, 2014). There is a paucity of empirical research into how culture impacts effective educational leadership in culturally diverse communities, which provides the direction and focus for this study. The cultural backgrounds of staff can impact what they expect about i) how leaders communicate, ii) what actions help build trust and collaboration and iii) how decisions can or should be made (Hofstede, 1991; Meyer, 2014). This study analyses the extent to which school leaders adapt their behaviours in response to the cultures of their staff. Findings suggest that leaders in schools do adapt their actions, most often using different communication styles but also methods of building collaboration and trust, and decision-making structures. Culture impacts what are effective leadership practices (Dorfman et al, 2012) and educational leaders need to understand these potential impacts if they work in culturally diverse communities. This is important to consider for school leaders and leadership preparation programmes.
对不同文化中什么是有效领导力的研究为领导者从一种文化走向另一种文化提供了指导(House等人,2014)。对于文化如何影响文化多样性社区的有效教育领导力,缺乏实证研究,这为本研究提供了方向和重点。员工的文化背景会影响他们对以下方面的期望:i)领导者如何沟通,ii)哪些行动有助于建立信任和合作,以及iii)如何做出或应该做出决策(Hofstede,1991;Meyer,2014)。本研究分析了学校领导根据员工文化调整行为的程度。研究结果表明,学校的领导者确实会调整自己的行动,通常使用不同的沟通方式,但也会使用建立合作、信任和决策结构的方法。文化影响什么是有效的领导实践(Dorfman等人,2012),如果教育领导者在文化多样的社区工作,他们需要了解这些潜在的影响。这对于学校领导和领导能力培养计划来说很重要。
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引用次数: 2
Book Review: Is Assessment Fair? 书评:评估公平吗?
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211030582
Susan F. Martin
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引用次数: 0
Moving from Feedback to Feedforward in IBDP classrooms IBDP课堂中从反馈到前馈的转变
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211032528
N. Dulfer, Firoozeh Akhlaghi Koopaei
There is widespread acceptance of the positive impact of constructive feedback on students’ learning progress. However, few studies investigate the role of feedforward in high-stakes learning environments. This research explores feedback and feedforward practices in International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme classrooms in Hong Kong and Australia. The article analyses 18 teachers’ practices and perceptions about feedback and feedforward. The teachers’ perceptions on feedforward were analysed using a survey and semi-structured interviews, while their teaching practices were evaluated using a lesson observation instrument. Results indicated that participants were aware of the importance of providing feedforward techniques and tools in the classroom to support students in closing the gaps between their current performance and desired performance. Not all teachers, however, incorporated feedforward in all their lessons as a learning tool or differentiation strategy to enhance students’ learning experience and assessment outcomes.
人们普遍接受建设性反馈对学生学习进步的积极影响。然而,很少有研究调查前馈在高风险学习环境中的作用。本研究探讨了香港和澳大利亚国际文凭课程课堂上的反馈和前馈实践。本文分析了18名教师对反馈和前馈的实践和看法。使用调查和半结构化访谈分析了教师对前馈的看法,同时使用课堂观察工具评估了他们的教学实践。结果表明,参与者意识到在课堂上提供前馈技术和工具的重要性,以支持学生缩小当前表现与期望表现之间的差距。然而,并非所有教师都将前馈作为学习工具或差异化策略纳入所有课程,以提高学生的学习体验和评估结果。
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引用次数: 3
Understanding EAL: International Secondary School Teachers’ Experiences and Attitudes in Ukraine and Eastern Europe 理解EAL:乌克兰和东欧国际中学教师的经验和态度
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211033749
J. Spencer
This article highlights the need to understand mainstream international secondary school teachers’ attitudes to and experiences of accommodating English as an Additional Language (EAL) learners, and what current collaborative relationships there are between mainstream and EAL teachers in terms of co-teaching and co-planning. The article draws on data collected from a questionnaire sent to secondary teachers at an international school in a major city in Ukraine and to other international schools that offer International Baccalaureate programmes in Eastern Europe. The questionnaire investigated English language training in education, attitudes to EAL in mainstream subjects and participants’ collaboration with EAL teachers. Further follow-up qualitative data collected from a focus group in the school in Ukraine investigated the topics of competencies, responsibilities and collaboration with respect to EAL in the mainstream classroom. Building on this data, the discussion ultimately focuses on the challenges for mainstream teachers and how collaboration with EAL teachers is often confused and lacks definition in terms of current practice and ways forward. Recommendations for next steps of research are made.
本文强调有必要了解主流国际中学教师对接纳英语作为附加语言(EAL)学习者的态度和经验,以及主流教师和EAL教师在共同教学和共同规划方面的当前合作关系。这篇文章收集了一份问卷调查的数据,问卷调查的对象是乌克兰一个主要城市的一所国际学校的中学教师,以及东欧其他提供国际文凭课程的国际学校。问卷调查了教育中的英语培训、主流科目对EAL的态度以及参与者与EAL教师的合作情况。从乌克兰学校的焦点小组收集的进一步后续定性数据调查了主流课堂中关于EAL的能力、责任和协作的主题。基于这些数据,讨论最终集中在主流教师面临的挑战,以及与EAL教师的合作如何在当前实践和未来道路方面经常感到困惑和缺乏定义。提出了下一步研究的建议。
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引用次数: 3
Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and the OECD PISA Global Competence Framework 布迪厄的实践理论与OECD PISA全球能力框架
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211032525
T. Andrews
Globalisation has become increasingly important in education, and national systems are no longer defined only by the nation-state. The role of intergovernmental organisations such as the OECD has also become increasingly important, particularly through the development of the PISA tests and the publication of international comparison tables. With a growing recognition of educating for an international and globalised future, the OECD assessed global competence for the first time in 2018, with results released in October 2020. The power that the OECD exerts over its member states, and indeed further, in the field of education through the global competence assessment demonstrates social reproduction. This article examines the OECD’s 2018 Global Competence Framework from a Bourdieusian perspective. An analysis is undertaken of the framework using Bourdieu’s thinking tools of habitus, field and capital, and the mechanisms of pedagogic authority, pedagogic action and pedagogic work, demonstrating an unconsciously agreed power differential between social groups. The OECD, as well as policy-makers at a national level, must consider such implications in anticipating future policy developments in order to enable systemic injustices to be overcome and educational equality to be achieved.
全球化在教育中变得越来越重要,国家体系不再仅仅由民族国家来定义。经合组织等政府间组织的作用也变得越来越重要,特别是通过制定PISA测试和发布国际比较表。随着人们对教育国际化和全球化未来的日益认可,经合组织于2018年首次评估了全球能力,并于2020年10月公布了结果。经合组织通过全球能力评估对其成员国施加的权力,甚至在教育领域施加的权力表明了社会再生产。本文从布迪厄的角度考察了经合组织2018年全球竞争力框架。使用布迪厄的习惯、领域和资本思维工具,以及教育权威、教育行动和教育工作的机制,对该框架进行了分析,表明社会群体之间存在着无意识的一致权力差异。经合组织以及国家一级的决策者在预测未来政策发展时必须考虑到这一影响,以克服系统性的不公正现象,实现教育平等。
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引用次数: 11
Adapting and Enduring: Lessons Learned from International School Educators During COVID-19 适应与持久:新冠肺炎期间国际学校教育工作者的经验教训
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211034399
Kathleen Doll, M. Ragan, G. Calnin, Sarah Mason, Kevin House
With the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020, school buildings across the globe closed, leading educators, students and families to transition rapidly to online education. It is clear that schools will in the future continue to employ online learning, even as students and educators return to school buildings. While the education community has over a number of years generated a range of practical tips and guidance about online education—especially since the onset of COVID-19—many are not supported by research (DiPietro et al., 2010) and neglect international school settings (Barbour, 2014). This study investigates the experiences of sixty-one K-12 international educators via nineteen focus groups, contributing to the literature base on pedagogical, leadership and practical strategies needed to support effective online learning. Four lessons learned emerged from the data: technological challenges are exacerbated during a crisis; educators adapted to revise pedagogical strategies when under pressure; student and parent experiences were inconsistent and complex; and school leaders play an important role during a transition to online education. Although COVID-19 posed challenges, educators are resilient, adaptable, and deeply committed to student learning. School leaders now have an opportunity to reconstruct a model of education which offers students the best of face-to-face learning augmented by the most effective use of virtual technologies. This is more than planning for potential crises; this is reimagining the future of education.
随着新冠肺炎在2020年初爆发,全球各地的校舍关闭,导致教育工作者、学生和家庭迅速过渡到在线教育。很明显,学校未来将继续采用在线学习,即使学生和教育工作者重返校园。尽管教育界多年来产生了一系列关于在线教育的实用技巧和指导,特别是自COVID-19爆发以来,许多人没有得到研究的支持(DiPietro et al.,2010),忽视了国际学校环境(Barbour,2014)。本研究通过19个焦点小组调查了61名K-12国际教育工作者的经历,为支持有效在线学习所需的教学、领导力和实践策略的文献基础做出了贡献。从数据中得出了四个教训:危机期间技术挑战加剧;教育工作者适应在压力下修改教学策略;学生和家长的经历不一致且复杂;学校领导在向在线教育过渡的过程中发挥着重要作用。尽管新冠肺炎带来了挑战,但教育工作者有韧性、适应性强,并深入致力于学生学习。学校领导现在有机会重建一种教育模式,通过最有效地使用虚拟技术,为学生提供最好的面对面学习。这不仅仅是为潜在危机做计划;这是对教育未来的重新构想。
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引用次数: 13
The nature of hybrid governance: A case study of a large and well-established European international school 混合型管理的本质:以欧洲一所大型国际学校为例
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211006648
L. Holmyard
The number of international schools is growing rapidly and existing data points to great diversity of their governance structure. The nature of hybrid governance, in which a board comprises both elected and appointed governors, was investigated through a case study of an international school in western Europe and triangulated with interviews with nine experts in international schooling. Hybrid governance was found to offer the advantages of both elected and appointed boards: elections foster transparency and representation of stakeholders, while appointments allow the board to be populated with particular skills. A model for governance was presented in which the hybrid structure is underpinned by recruitment and training practices that ensure governors complement the existing skillset of the board, have desirable motivations for serving, and understand their role. This model may be useful for informing international school improvement efforts, although its compatibility with the diverse landscape of international schools remains to be determined.
国际学校的数量正在迅速增长,现有数据表明其治理结构存在很大的多样性。通过对西欧一所国际学校的案例研究,对混合治理的性质进行了调查,其中董事会由民选和任命的董事组成,并通过对九名国际学校专家的访谈进行了三角分析。混合治理被发现提供了选举和任命董事会的优势:选举促进了利益相关者的透明度和代表性,而任命使董事会能够掌握特定技能。提出了一种治理模式,其中混合结构以招聘和培训实践为基础,以确保州长补充董事会的现有技能,具有理想的服务动机,并了解他们的角色。这种模式可能有助于为国际学校的改进工作提供信息,尽管它与国际学校的多样性仍有待确定。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Teacher Identity as an International Teacher: An Autoethnographic Approach to (Developing) Reflective Practice 理解教师作为国际教师的身份:一种发展反思实践的自我民族志方法
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14752409211005380
Julia Sahling, Roussel De Carvalho
The teaching profession in England and Wales has been experiencing a steady decline in its workforce, with a significant number of teachers making the decision to move abroad and teach in international schools. Teachers cite working conditions, institutional pressures and pay and conditions at home as reasons to seek employment elsewhere. Meanwhile, exploring teachers’ experiences of teaching abroad is a relatively new area of research. The growth of international schools from 1964, when there were only around 50 such schools, to 2017, with over 8,000 international schools and some 420,000 teachers, indicates a need to understand teachers’ personal and professional experiences as they navigate these different contexts. This research presents a small case study of how autoethnography can be used as a methodological tool to support international teachers in revealing changes in their teacher identity, as well as promoting the development of their sense of self-efficacy within different sociocultural school contexts. Through Julia Sahling’s autoethnographic study, this paper explores how teachers may be able to actively engage in critical reflective practice in order better to understand these dynamic transitions, as well as the implications of teaching in multiple international contexts.
英格兰和威尔士的教师队伍一直在稳步下降,大量教师决定移居国外,在国际学校任教。教师们将工作条件、机构压力、国内薪酬和条件作为到其他地方找工作的理由。同时,探索教师的海外教学经验是一个相对较新的研究领域。从1964年只有大约50所这样的学校,到2017年有8000多所国际学校和大约42万名教师,国际学校的发展表明,在教师驾驭这些不同的环境时,需要了解他们的个人和职业经历。本研究提供了一个小案例研究,探讨如何将民族志作为一种方法论工具,支持国际教师揭示其教师身份的变化,并在不同的社会文化学校背景下促进其自我效能感的发展。通过Julia Sahling的民族志研究,本文探讨了教师如何能够积极参与批判性反思实践,以更好地理解这些动态转变,以及在多种国际背景下教学的意义。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Journal of Research in International Education
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