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Peculiarities of the Design of Housing Parts of Large Direct Current Machines 大型直流电机外壳部件设计的特殊性
IF 0.8 Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.4271/05-17-01-0005
Oleksii Tretiak, Serhii Serhiienko, Anton Zhukov, P. Gakal, Yevhen Don, Mariia Arefieva, I. Tretiak, Stanislav Kravchenko, Oleg Bohozhavets
In the given work the design and stress–strain calculation of housing parts of large machines during operation are considered. At the same time, both classical electromagnetic forces and technological operations necessary for mechanical processing and assembly of such objects as well as transportation processes are taken into account for the first time. The task of analyzing of the stress–strain state of the framework was solved in the three-dimensional setting using the finite element method by the SolidWorks software complex. The three-dimensional analysis of the stress–strain state of the structure for technological operations, namely tilting, lifting, and moving the large DC machines frame without poles and with poles, showed that the values of mechanical stresses that arise in the connections of the frame exceed the permissible limits, resulting in significant deformation of the structure. The work proposed the modernized frame design with additional stiffeners and re-calculated the stress–strain state of the unit. The analysis, that was carried out, showed that when performing technological operations, the mechanical stresses that arise do not exceed the permissible ones, and all deformations are in the elastic zone for the given metal.
本研究考虑了大型机器运行过程中外壳部件的设计和应力应变计算。同时,首次考虑了传统的电磁力和机械加工、组装以及运输过程中所需的技术操作。框架的应力-应变状态分析任务是通过 SolidWorks 综合软件在三维环境中使用有限元法解决的。 对无电杆和有电杆大型直流电机框架进行倾斜、提升和移动等技术操作时的结构应力应变状态进行的三维分析表明,框架连接处产生的机械应力值超过了允许的极限值,导致结构严重变形。这项工作提出了带有附加加强筋的现代化框架设计,并重新计算了设备的应力应变状态。分析表明,在进行技术操作时,产生的机械应力不会超过允许的范围,所有变形都在特定金属的弹性区域内。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Characterization for Multiple Cones and Cone Portions Utilizing X-Ray Diffraction in Single Point Incremental Forming 在单点增量成形中利用 X 射线衍射评估多锥体和锥体部分的特征
IF 0.8 Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.4271/05-17-01-0003
Radhe Shyam Bhasker, Yogesh Kumar, Fariborz Forouhandeh
Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a robust and new technique. In the recent research scenario, materials properties such as microstructure, micro-texture analysis, and crystal structure can be accessed through characterization non-destructive techniques, e.g., scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is a non-destructive method for analyzing the fine structure of materials. This study explores how process variables such as wall angle, step size, feed rate, and forming speed affect the parts of large-, medium-, and small-sized truncated cones of aluminum alloy AA3003-O sheet. Several cone parts of truncated cones are used in this investigation to implement Scherrer’s method. The two primary determining factors peak height and crystallite size are assessed for additional analysis in the present research. Observing and evaluating different types of large-, medium-, and small-sized truncated cones are to comprehend the thickness distribution, intensity, crystallinity, dislocation density, and micro strain affected by the forming depth at which they developed. The medium-sized truncated cones exhibit dual characteristics when employed as the middle and bottom for intensity, crystallinity, dislocation density, and micro strain.
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Two-Step Austempering Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Equivalent Austempered Ductile Iron 两步奥氏体淬火工艺对低碳等效奥氏体球墨铸铁显微组织和机械性能的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4271/05-17-01-0004
Lakshmiprasad Maddi, Vinayak Dakre, A. Likhite, Shailkumar Pathak
Low-carbon equivalent austempered ductile iron (LCE-ADI) exhibits high modulus of elasticity than conventional austempered ductile iron (ADI) due to less graphite content. Austempering parameters of temperature and time significantly influence the mechanical properties of LCE-ADI. In the present work, response of the material to two-step austempering in the range of 350–450°C was studied, and a comparison was made to single-step austempering. Reduction in ferrite cell size, increase in % carbon in carbon-stabilized austenite (CSA) and increase in volume fraction of CSA led to increase in tensile strength (10%) and hardness (20%), in addition to improved toughness (10%).
低碳等效等温球墨铸铁(LCE-ADI)由于石墨含量较少,表现出比传统等温球墨铸铁(ADI)更高的弹性模量。等温回火温度和时间对LCE-ADI的力学性能有显著影响。在350 ~ 450℃范围内,研究了两步等温回火对材料的响应,并与单步等温回火进行了比较。铁素体胞体尺寸的减小、碳稳定奥氏体(CSA)中碳%含量的增加以及CSA体积分数的增加导致抗拉强度(10%)和硬度(20%)的提高,以及韧性(10%)的提高。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel on Fatigue Life at a Non-Load-Bearing Transverse Welded Attachment 高强度低合金钢对非承重横向焊接附件疲劳寿命的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.4271/05-17-01-0002
Gareth Allan Ramsay, Gerhard Venter, Johann Bredell
This study investigated the influence of high-strength low-alloy steel on the fatigue life of a load-bearing member with a non-load-bearing transverse welded attachment (T-joint). It compared high cycle fatigue data to two fatigue design codes, namely BS 7608 and Eurocode EN 1993-1-9. Different base and filler material combinations of varying material strengths were investigated, resulting in a total of three different specimen configurations. Two material combinations had a high-strength steel (Strenx® 700 MC D) for the base material, with one combination having a matched filler material and the other having an undermatched filler material. The third material combination had a lower-strength steel (S 355 JR AR) for the base material, with a matched filler material. Tensile tests were performed to confirm the base material mechanical properties and weld quality of the manufactured specimens. The investigation showed that there was no significant benefit to using high-strength steel as the base material for a fatigue loaded T-joint with a non-load-bearing welded attachments.
本研究探讨了高强度低合金钢对带有非承重横向焊接附件(T 型接头)的承重构件疲劳寿命的影响。研究将高循环疲劳数据与两种疲劳设计规范(即 BS 7608 和 Eurocode EN 1993-1-9)进行了比较。研究了不同材料强度的基体和填充材料组合,共得出三种不同的试样配置。两种材料组合的基体材料是高强度钢(Strenx® 700 MC D),其中一种组合使用匹配的填充材料,另一种组合使用不匹配的填充材料。第三种材料组合使用强度较低的钢材(S 355 JR AR)作为基材,并使用匹配的填充材料。对制造的试样进行了拉伸试验,以确认母材的机械性能和焊接质量。调查结果表明,使用高强度钢作为带有非承重焊接附件的疲劳加载 T 形接头的母材并无明显益处。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Dual Extrusion Fused Filament Fabrication Process Parameters for 3D Printed Nylon-Reinforced Composites: Pathway to Mobile and Transportation Revolution 优化 3D 打印尼龙增强复合材料的双挤压熔融长丝制造工艺参数:移动和交通革命之路
IF 0.8 Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.4271/05-17-01-0001
Ashish Kaushik, Pardeep Kumar, Sumit Gahletia, Ramesh Kumar Garg, Ashish Kumar, Mohit Yadav, J. Giri, Deepak Chhabra
Nylon polymer with an optimal blend of Kevlar, fiberglass, and high-speed, high temperature (HSHT) Fiberglass offers improved characteristics such as flexural strength, wear resistance, electrical insulation, shock absorption, and a low friction coefficient. For this reason, the polymer composite manufactured by combining HSHT, Kevlar, and fiberglass with nylon as base material will expand the uses of nylon in the aerospace, automotive, and other industrial applications related to ergonomic tools, assembly trays, and so forth. The proposed work was carried out to investigate the continuous fiber reinforcement (CFR) in nylon polymer using a dual extrusion system. Twenty experimental runs were designed using a face-centered central composite design (FCCD) approach to analyze the influence of significant factors such as reinforcement material, infill pattern, and fiber angle on the fabricated specimen as per American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The tensile strength, percentage elongation, and surface roughness of each test specimen (ASTM) have been investigated using the universal testing machine (UTM) and a surface roughness tester. A set of regression equations connecting process input factors and output features have been derived using the response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, the MOGA-ANN method is employed to achieve the multi-response targets. The results show that the best tensile strength and surface roughness are achieved with a 64.5-degree fiber angle, fiberglass CFR, and a triangular infill pattern, while the best balance and optimal response are achieved with a 49.2575-degree fiber angle, a rectangular fill pattern, and fiberglass reinforcement using the MOGA-ANN evolutionary hybrid algorithm. With MOGA-ANN, the least surface roughness of 1.43158 microns, maximum tensile strength, and percentage elongation of 37.869 MPa and 51.05% were attained at these parameters, and the same has been validated experimentally.
尼龙聚合物与凯夫拉纤维、玻璃纤维和高速高温(HSHT)玻璃纤维的最佳混合物具有更好的特性,如抗弯强度、耐磨性、电绝缘性、减震性和低摩擦系数。因此,以尼龙为基材,结合 HSHT、凯夫拉尔和玻璃纤维制造的聚合物复合材料将扩大尼龙在航空航天、汽车和与人体工程学工具、装配托盘等相关的其他工业应用中的用途。拟议的工作是利用双挤出系统研究尼龙聚合物中的连续纤维增强(CFR)。根据美国材料试验协会(ASTM)标准,采用面心中心复合设计(FCCD)方法设计了 20 个实验运行,以分析增强材料、填充模式和纤维角度等重要因素对制作试样的影响。使用万能试验机(UTM)和表面粗糙度测试仪对每个试样(ASTM)的拉伸强度、百分比伸长率和表面粗糙度进行了调查。利用响应面方法(RSM)得出了一组连接工艺输入因素和输出特性的回归方程。 此外,还采用了 MOGA-ANN 方法来实现多响应目标。结果表明,使用 MOGA-ANN 进化混合算法,64.5 度纤维角、玻璃纤维 CFR 和三角形填充图案可获得最佳拉伸强度和表面粗糙度,而 49.2575 度纤维角、矩形填充图案和玻璃纤维增强则可获得最佳平衡和最优响应。使用 MOGA-ANN 算法,在这些参数下可获得 1.43158 微米的最小表面粗糙度、37.869 兆帕的最大抗拉强度和 51.05% 的百分比伸长率,并通过实验进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewers 评论家
Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.4271/05-16-04-0028
Yung-Li Lee
Reviewers
<div>Reviewers</div>;
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引用次数: 0
New Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Mark Barkey 新主编:Mark Barkey博士
Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.4271/05-16-04-0029
Mark Barkey
New Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Mark Barkey
新主编:Mark barkey博士</div>
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引用次数: 0
Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization of Multi-pass Face Milling of Polyamide (PA6) 聚酰胺(PA6)多道次面铣削多目标优化的Grasshopper优化算法
Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.4271/05-16-04-0027
Aissa Laouissi, Hammoudi Abderazek, Mourad Nouioua, M. Sait Sadiq
Milling is a prevalent machining technique employed in various industries for the production of metallic and non-metallic components. This article focuses on the optimization of cutting parameters for polyamide (PA6) using carbide tools, utilizing a recently developed multi-objective, nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm known as the Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MOGOA). This optimization process’s primary objectives are minimizing surface roughness and maximizing the material removal rate. By employing the MOGOA algorithm, the study demonstrates its efficacy in successfully optimizing the cutting parameters. This research’s findings highlight the MOGOA algorithm’s capability to effectively fine-tune cutting parameters during PA6 machining, leading to improved outcomes in terms of surface roughness reduction and enhanced material removal rate.
铣削是一种普遍的加工技术,用于各种工业生产金属和非金属部件。本文重点研究了使用硬质合金刀具优化聚酰胺(PA6)的切削参数,利用最近开发的多目标、自然启发的元启发式算法,即多目标蚱蜢优化算法(MOGOA)。该优化过程的主要目标是最小化表面粗糙度和最大化材料去除率。通过应用MOGOA算法,验证了该算法在优化切削参数方面的有效性。这项研究的结果突出了MOGOA算法在PA6加工过程中有效微调切削参数的能力,从而在降低表面粗糙度和提高材料去除率方面改善了结果。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium-Carbon Steel Drawn Wire 热处理对中碳钢拉丝组织和力学性能的影响
Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.4271/05-16-04-0026
Amina Ourabi, Mosbah Zidani, Salim Messaoudi, Tahar Abid, Mohamed Chaouki Nebbar, François Brisset, Thierry Baudin
In this article, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of medium-carbon steel wire intended for the spring mattress is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness (Hv), and tensile strength. The results indicate that the microstructure elongation along the wire axis is observed with the bending and kinking lamellae at the deformation level of 57.81%, this change appears as a fracture in the microstructure and leads to an increase in hardness, tensile strength, and intensities of diffraction patterns. After heat treatment, we observed a redistribution in the grain, which is almost the same in the wire rod and drawn wires; indeed, this led to a decrease in hardness, tensile strength, and augmentation in intensities of peaks. The EBSD pole figures reveal the development of texture in the cementite slip plane (001).
本文采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、x射线衍射、维氏硬度(Hv)和抗拉强度研究了热处理对弹簧垫用中碳钢丝显微组织和力学行为的影响。结果表明:合金的显微组织沿线材轴向伸长率显著提高,变形量为57.81%时出现了弯曲和扭结片层,这种变化以断口的形式出现,导致显微组织硬度、抗拉强度和衍射图强度的提高;热处理后,我们观察到晶粒中的再分布,在线材和拉丝中几乎相同;事实上,这导致了硬度、抗拉强度的降低和峰强度的增加。EBSD极点图揭示了渗碳体滑移面织构的发展(001)。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced Value Stream Mapping: Development of a Conceptual Model Considering Variability in Production Processes 高级价值流映射:考虑生产过程可变性的概念模型的发展
Q4 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.4271/05-16-04-0025
Alaa Salahuddin Araibi, A. I. M. Shaiful, Muhanad Hatem Shadhar
Recently, lean manufacturing (LM) practices are being combined with tools and techniques that belong to other areas of knowledge such as risk management (RM). Value stream mapping (VSM) is a well-known tool in showing the value, the value stream, and the flow, which represents the three lean principles. VSM and RM, when used in tandem with one another, are more advantageous in covering VSM issues such as the variability of production processes. In this article, a conceptual model that integrates the two is shown and explained. The model helps to generate scenarios of current state map (CSM) and future state map (FSM) in a dynamic way by identifying current and potential risks. These risks might happen in the future, bringing with it negative ramifications including not reaching the main objectives within the defined time. The model has been tested in a coffee production company belonging to health and food sector. The proposed model specified the ranges of variability through the drawing of CSM and FSM. This is quite a milestone because one of the challenges of VSM is that it is a static tool, and, as such, process variability cannot be captured appropriately. This new model is expected to overcome this drawback.
最近,精益制造(LM)实践正在与属于其他知识领域的工具和技术相结合,例如风险管理(RM)。价值流映射(Value stream mapping, VSM)是一种著名的工具,用于显示价值、价值流和流程,它代表了精益的三个原则。当VSM和RM相互串联使用时,在涵盖VSM问题(如生产过程的可变性)方面更有利。在本文中,展示并解释了一个集成两者的概念模型。该模型通过识别当前和潜在风险,以动态的方式生成当前状态图(CSM)和未来状态图(FSM)场景。这些风险可能会在未来发生,带来负面影响,包括不能在规定的时间内实现主要目标。该模型已在一家隶属于卫生和食品部门的咖啡生产公司进行了测试。该模型通过CSM和FSM的绘制来确定变率的范围。这是一个相当重要的里程碑,因为VSM的挑战之一是它是一个静态工具,因此,不能适当地捕获过程可变性。这种新型号有望克服这一缺点。
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引用次数: 0
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SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
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